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Shaheen R, El-Abasy M, El-Sharkawy H, Ismail MM. Prevalence, molecular characterization, and antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from Egyptian broiler chicken flocks with omphalitis. Open Vet J 2024; 14:284-291. [PMID: 38633165 PMCID: PMC11018412 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial Omphalitis has been reported as a significant cause of mortalities in newly hatched broiler chicks. Aim This study aimed to assess the occurrence of omphalitis among broiler chickens in Gharbia governorate in Egypt. In addition, the bacteria associated with the occurrence of omphalitis in broiler chickens were also investigated and characterized. Methods For this purpose, 43 farms in that area were surveyed. The comparative levels of omphalitis caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were screened in 129 chicks. The drug resistance to eight commonly used antimicrobials in Egyptian poultry farms was screened using the disk diffusion method. Results The overall incidence rate of omphalitis was 37.21%. In birds with omphalitis, the co-prevalence of S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and E. coli was 87.5%. When compared to healthy flocks, broiler chicks with omphalitis caused by Salmonella spp., E. coli, and S. aureus had a greater mortality rate in the first week of life. However, there were no significant differences in the mortality cases caused by these pathogens. Eighty-seven percent of the cases of omphalitis were linked to E. coli and 75% to Salmonella spp. and S. aureus. From the yolk sac of broiler chicks with omphalitis, E. coli, Salmonella spp., and S. aureus were isolated at rates of 87.5%, 62.5%, and 45.8%, respectively. The isolates of E. coli and Salmonella spp. exhibited great sensitivity to gentamycin and Tetracycline; however, the strongest drug resistance was observed toward cefpodoxime, sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim, ampicillin, and amoxycillin and clavulanic acid. The recovered isolates of S. aureus showed susceptibility to chloramphenicol (72.37%), oxytetracycline (81.82%), and erythromycin (81.82%). However, every S. aureus isolate that was found resistant to amoxycillin and clavulanic acid, penicillin G and oxacillin. of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes has been proposed as the genetic cause of β-lactam antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp. and E. coli. MecA and blaZ; however, were found in every strain of S. aureus. Conclusion The frequency of omphalitis and its associated mortalities was comparatively high in Gharbia governorate. More efforts should be made to adopt strict hygienic standards for controlling and preventing such disease and this will consequently lead to minimizing the use of antimicrobials in poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Shaheen
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Moshira El-Abasy
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hanem El-Sharkawy
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Ismail
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Fadaleh SMA, Pell LG, Yasin M, Farrar DS, Khan SH, Tanner Z, Paracha S, Madhani F, Bassani DG, Ahmed I, Soofi SB, Taljaard M, Spitzer RF, Bhutta ZA, Morris SK. An integrated newborn care kit (iNCK) to save newborn lives and improve health outcomes in Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Pakistan: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2480. [PMID: 38082395 PMCID: PMC10714624 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ongoing high neonatal mortality rates (NMRs) represent a global challenge. In 2021, of the 5 million deaths reported worldwide for children under five years of age, 47% were newborns. Pakistan has one of the five highest national NMRs in the world, with an estimated 39 neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births. Reducing newborn deaths requires sustainable, evidence-based, and cost-effective interventions that can be integrated within existing community healthcare infrastructure across regions with high NMR. METHODS This pragmatic, community-based, parallel-arm, open-label, cluster randomized controlled trial aims to estimate the effect of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) providing an integrated newborn care kit (iNCK) with educational instructions to pregnant women in their third trimester, compared to the local standard of care in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, on neonatal mortality and other newborn and maternal health outcomes. The iNCK contains a clean birth kit, 4% chlorhexidine topical gel, sunflower oil emollient, a ThermoSpot™ temperature monitoring sticker, a fleece blanket, a click-to-heat reusable warmer, three 200 μg misoprostol tablets, and a pictorial instruction guide and diary. LHWs are also provided with a handheld scale to weigh the newborn. The primary study outcome is neonatal mortality, defined as a newborn death in the first 28 days of life. DISCUSSION This study will generate policy-relevant knowledge on the effectiveness of integrating evidence-based maternal and newborn interventions and delivering them directly to pregnant women via existing community health infrastructure, for reducing neonatal mortality and morbidity, in a remote, mountainous area with a high NMR. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04798833, March 15, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Abu Fadaleh
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa G Pell
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Yasin
- Gilgit Regional Office, Aga Khan Health Service - Pakistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Daniel S Farrar
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sher Hafiz Khan
- Gilgit Regional Office, Aga Khan Health Service - Pakistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Zachary Tanner
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shariq Paracha
- Aga Khan Health Service - Pakistan, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Falak Madhani
- Aga Khan Health Service - Pakistan, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Diego G Bassani
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Imran Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sajid B Soofi
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Monica Taljaard
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel F Spitzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Section of Gynecology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- Institute for Global Health & Development, The Aga Khan University, South-Central Asia & East Africa, Karachi, Pakistan
- Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Shaun K Morris
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
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王 子, 邓 英, 施 元, 王 来, 孙 松, 谢 新, 赵 璐, 王 宏, 李 志. [A rare case of neonatal-onset hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2023; 25:989-994. [PMID: 37718408 PMCID: PMC10511227 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2307026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
A male infant, aged 1 month and 14 days, was admitted to the hospital due to abdominal distension lasting for 2 weeks and worsening for 3 days. The infant had a history of omphalitis. Physical examination revealed severe abdominal distension, prominent abdominal wall veins, hepatosplenomegaly, and massive ascites. There was a slight elevation in liver transaminase levels. Liver ultrasound and CT scans demonstrated the absence of visualization of the intrahepatic segment of the portal vein and the left, middle, and right veins of the liver, indicating occlusion of these vessels, along with surrounding fibrous hyperplasia. The clinical diagnosis was hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome resulting from omphalitis. A large amount of bloody ascites developed after 12 days of hospitalization, resulting in hypovolemic shock and respiratory failure. The infant passed away following the family's decision to discontinue treatment. This article focuses on the diagnostic approach and multidisciplinary management of neonatal-onset hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, as well as provides insights into the differential diagnosis of hepatomegaly and ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - 松 孙
- 国家儿童医学中心/复旦大学附属儿科医院新生儿外科上海201102
| | - 新宝 谢
- 国家儿童医学中心/复旦大学附属儿科医院肝病科上海201102
| | - 璐 赵
- 国家儿童医学中心/复旦大学附属儿科医院心内科上海201102
| | - 宏胜 王
- 国家儿童医学中心/复旦大学附属儿科医院血液科上海201102
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Dongmo Miaffo DOE, Chafaaoui H, Assan BR, Mantho P, Ntankeu PP. Neonatal pyogenic liver abscess following omphalitis: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 110:108711. [PMID: 37634436 PMCID: PMC10509795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Liver abscesses in neonates are rare. Omphalitis is a very rare cause. We report a case of a voluminous neonatal pyogenic liver abscess following omphalitis, successfully managed in our institution. CASE PRESENTATION A 21-day-old full-term female newborn was brought to our institution for progressive febrile swelling of the right hypochondrium. The parents reported umbilical suppuration. Clinical examination confirmed the presence of a mass extending from the epigastric region to the right hypochondrium in a febrile baby with no other abnormalities. Laboratory investigations revealed an elevated C-reactive protein level (64 mg/dl) and hyperleukocytosis (20,800/mm3) with neutrophil predominance and normochromic microcytic anemia (hemoglobin 8.2 g/dl). Her first abdominal ultrasound was interpreted as a cyst of the common bile duct. Triple antibiotic therapy with cephalosporin, ampicillin and gentamycin was started, but unsuccessful. Abdominal ultrasound was repeated, revealing a hepatic abscess in segment 8, with a volume of approximately 17 ml. Percutaneous echo-guided drainage was performed and antibiotic therapy was readjusted after identification of the germ (Staphylococcus aureus) with good outcome. The baby was discharged two weeks later. At one month follow-up, the baby was completely asymptomatic. CLINICAL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION As neonatal liver abscesses are unusual, they can lead to misdiagnosis. Omphalitis is a very rare cause. Treatment by percutaneous echo-guided drainage is simple and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hakima Chafaaoui
- Department of pediatric surgery, Teaching Hospital Mohamed VI, ABDELMALEK ESSADI University, Tangier, Morocco.
| | - Beaudelaire Romulus Assan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mother and Child Teaching Hospital Lagune, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Pauline Mantho
- Department of pediatric surgery, Laquintinie Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon
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Yuldashev RZ, Aliev MM, Maksudov MF, Khaydarov UO, Shokhaydarov S. Angiographic patterns of portal venous system in children with extrahepatic portal hypertension and its etiological and clinical relevance. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:97. [PMID: 36723662 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the relationship between the angiographic pattern of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) and its etiology and clinical manifestations. METHODS Clinical, etiological, and angiographic findings in 155 children with EHPVO were reviewed. Anatomy of extrahepatic portal venous system (EPVS) was categorized into five imaging patterns. Assessment of the severity of esophageal and gastric varices (EV and GV) was performed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. RESULTS Based on multislice CT angiography, most commonly observed pattern of EHPVO was type I (48.4%) and type II (29%). According to anamnesis, 68 (43.8%) children had pathological conditions in neonatal period. Of these, 35 (22.6%) had an umbilical vein catheterization, 11 (7.1%) had a history of omphalitis, and 9 (5.8%) had prolonged jaundice. Thirteen (8.4%) patients had various septic conditions in neonatal period and it was more common associated with widespread thrombosis throughout the EPVS (type 5)-28% of observations. Significantly lower risk of bleeding from EV (p = 0.01) was noted in children with type IV pattern, whereas children with type III and V patterns had higher grades of EV. CONCLUSION Angiographic pattern of portomesenteric occlusion may provide a clue to its etiology, and clinical manifestation, especially in children with widespread thrombosis throughout the EPVS.
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Suksawat Y, Pacharn P, Siripipattanamongkol N, Boonyawat B. Three novel homozygous ITGB2 mutations among two patients with leukocyte adhesion defect type-1: Two case reports. World J Clin Pediatr 2022; 11:429-436. [PMID: 36185095 PMCID: PMC9516493 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i5.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A leukocyte adhesion defect (LAD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder. LAD type 1 (LAD-1) is the most common, which is caused by ITGB2 mutation resulting in dysfunction of β2 integrin, which impairs leukocyte adherence to the endothelium.
CASE SUMMARY The first two cases of LAD-1 in Thailand presented with recurrent omphalitis, soft tissue infection, marked leukocytosis, and neutrophilia. One patient experienced delayed umbilical cord separation. Mutation analysis was performed by direct DNA sequencing of the ITGB2 gene. The results revealed two novel homozygous missense mutations, c.920C>T (p.Leu307Pro) in exon 8 and c.758G>A (p.Arg253His) in exon 7, and one novel homozygous nonsense mutation, c.262C>T (p.Gln88Ter) in exon 4, in the genomic DNA of the first and second patients, respectively. Heterozygous mutations were identified in the parents of both patients, suggesting a carrier status. The patients were administered intravenous antibiotics for infections with good clinical responses. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could not be performed due to the unavailability of matched donors. However, a significant decline in infections was observed after antibiotic prophylaxis. Several follow-up visits were conducted for both patients. They are currently 6 years old.
CONCLUSION Molecular analysis is essential for definitive diagnosis, early treatment implementation, and prevention of LAD-1 in future pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwa Suksawat
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital and Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Punchama Pacharn
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nunthana Siripipattanamongkol
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Chiangrai Prachanukroh Regional Hospital, Chiangrai 57000, Thailand
| | - Boonchai Boonyawat
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital and Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Coscia A, Boscarino G, Di Chiara M, Faccioli F, Pedicino R, Onestà E, Giancotti A, Di Donato V, Ronchi B, Zantonelli F, Russo A, Mezzapiastra C, Terrin G. Umbilical cord medication in healthy full-term newborns: a before-after uncontrolled quality improvement study. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:505-511. [PMID: 33284418 PMCID: PMC7813727 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03889-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord care can be a stressful practice for parents. Complications of cord care can increase neonatal morbidity and mortality. The extracts of Arnica montana (AM) have been reported to possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and immunomodulatory activities. We aim to demonstrate the efficacy of AM on cord detachment and parents' stress level induced by cord medication in healthy full-term newborns. We enrolled full-term infants with a birth weight ≥ 2500 g in healthy conditions. Cord stumps of infants in the PRE-group were cleaned and dried, while cord stumps of infants in the POST-group were cleaned, dried, and medicated with a natural topic dermo-protective powder containing AM. After discharge, we interviewed parents on the stump status during follow-up visits in a pediatric office at 7 and 14 days of life, or by phone calls after follow-up visits. Long-rank test showed that time of cord separation of newborns in the PRE-group was significantly higher compared to that in the POST-group (p < 0.001). Parents of newborns in the PRE-group were significantly more stressed during cord medication compared to parents in the POST-group (2.0 (1.2 to 2.1) vs 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3), p = 0.011). Multivariate analysis showed a significantly linear relation with group assignment for cord separation (p < 0.001) and parents' stress during the medication (p = 0.033).Conclusion: The use of a natural topic dermo-protective powder containing AM reduces the time of cord separation, improves parents' stress level, and reduces the risk of complications. What is Known: • Cord stump care can be a stressful practice for parents. • Antiseptic treatment recommended for cord care could be associated with side effects such as burning and sensitization. What is New: • The medication of cord stump with a natural topic dermo-protective powder containing Arnica montana reduces time of cord detachment and of complication such as redness', bleeding, or secretions. • The use of Arnica montana for cord medication may have a positive impact on the family, reducing parents' stress, and the use of other medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Boscarino
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Policlinico Umberto I, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Di Chiara
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Policlinico Umberto I, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Faccioli
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Policlinico Umberto I, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pedicino
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Policlinico Umberto I, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Onestà
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Policlinico Umberto I, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Giancotti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Policlinico Umberto I, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Violante Di Donato
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Policlinico Umberto I, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Ronchi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Policlinico Umberto I, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Zantonelli
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Policlinico Umberto I, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Russo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Policlinico Umberto I, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mezzapiastra
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Policlinico Umberto I, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Terrin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Policlinico Umberto I, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Roba AA, Tefera M, Worku T, Dasa TT, Estifanos AS, Assefa N. Application of 4% chlorhexidine to the umbilical cord stump of newborn infants in lower income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2019; 5:16. [PMID: 31641528 PMCID: PMC6796424 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-019-0111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract There are conflicting results from large randomized controlled trials in different populations regarding the effectiveness of topical application of 4% chlorhexidine to the umbilical stump of newborn infants at reducing neonatal mortality. Meta-analysis and systematic review of trials performed in South Asia and Europe support 4% chlorhexidine application to reduce neonatal mortality, whereas trials performed in Sub-Saharan Africa do not. The aim of this review is to determine the effectiveness of 4% chlorhexidine application to the umbilical stump of newborn infants born in lower income countries in order to reduce neonatal mortality when compared with usual cord care. Our search strategy included randomized trials published between January1st 2000 and September 4th, 2018, that compared 4% chlorhexidine with usual cord care (“dry cord care”). The outcome variable of interest was neonatal mortality. Pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model were calculated. Nine trials were included, from six countries: Zambia, Tanzania, Bangladesh, Nepal, India and Pakistan, with a total of 257,153 participants. Five studies (N = 119,833) reported neonatal mortality. There was a 21% reduction in neonatal mortality among with 4% chlorhexidine application: pooled RR (95% CI) 0.79 (0.69–0.90), P = 0.0005. The incidence of omphalitis was decreased by 35% with 4% chlorhexidine (6 studies, N = 108,263): pooled RR (95% CI) 0.65 (0.56–0.75), P = 0.00001. Chlorhexidine application delayed the umbilical cord separation time (4 studies, N = 28,917): mean difference (95% CI) 2.71 (2.63–2.78) days. In conclusion, this systematic review found that topical application of 4% chlorhexidine to the umbilical cord stump of newborn infants in lower income countries significantly reduces the incidence of neonatal mortality. Chlorhexidine also reduces the incidence of omphalitis, but prolongs umbilical cord separation time. Trial registration Systematic Review Registration: CRD42018109280.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aklilu Abrham Roba
- 1College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Maleda Tefera
- 1College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Teshager Worku
- 1College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abiy Seifu Estifanos
- 2Department of Reproductive Health and Health Service Management, School Of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Assefa
- 1College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Leante Castellanos JL, Pérez Muñuzuri A, Ruiz Campillo CW, Sanz López E, Benavente Fernández I, Sánchez Redondo MD, Rite Gracia S, Sánchez Luna M. [Recommendations for the care of the umbilical cord in the newborn]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2019; 90:401.e1-401.e5. [PMID: 30971383 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The care of the umbilical cord until its detachment still remains controversial. The latest updated recommendations by the World Health Organisation advocate dry cord care in those countries with adequate obstetric care and low neonatal mortality rate. In recent years, new studies and reviews attribute some benefit to applying chlorhexidine on the umbilical stump. An analysis is presented here of the available evidence and results in the advisability of still recommending the dry cord care in the newborns in our setting.
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10
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Cuvelier P, Bouteiller A, Fortpied P, Lonneux M, Blumental S. [Pyogenic streptococcal omphalitis and foot's cellulitis in an 11 day old infant]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 39:169-171. [PMID: 29869474 DOI: 10.30637/2018.17-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Omphalitis is a rare infection in our countries. Streptoccus pyogenes is one of the most frequently encountered germs. Complications are rare but include septicemia and necrotizing fasciitis with a high mortality rate. The case reported in this article is that of an 11 days old infant with pyogenic streptococcal omphalitis who developed cellulitis of left food. An intravenous antibiotic treatment allowed complete resolution of the symptoms. The article is the opportunity to review of the risk factors of this affection, its complications and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cuvelier
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Delta, CHIREC
| | | | - P Fortpied
- Service de Radiodiagnostic, Hôpital Delta, CHIREC
| | - M Lonneux
- Service de Radioisotopes, Hôpital Delta, CHIREC
| | - S Blumental
- Service des Maladies infectieuses, H.U.D.E.R.F., ULB
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de Souza Faria ALB, Conrado LAL, Vanzela LS, Villaverde AB, Munin E. Application of phototherapy for the healing of the navels of neonatal dairy calves. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1579-1586. [PMID: 28717890 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present work evaluated the effects of LED light irradiation on the healing of the navels of neonatal dairy calves. Fifty-seven neonatal calves were divided into two groups. Animals had their umbilical stumps immersed in 10% iodine tincture for 60 s, and this process was repeated every 24 h for three consecutive days. The 29 animals in the first group did not receive LED therapy. The 28 animals in the second group received LED light irradiation at 640 nm with 300 mW power, 46.8 J/cm2 energy density, 60 s irradiation time, and 0.385 cm2 spot size. The animals were irradiated at four points (46.8 J/cm2 per point) evenly distributed around the insertion site of the umbilical stump every 24 h for three consecutive days. Irradiation with LED light was applied before the umbilical stumps were immersed in the iodine solution. The time after birth at which the umbilical stump fell off of each calf was noted. The umbilical stumps of all animals fell off by the 25th day of age. After the umbilical stump fell off, the healing of the remnant wound was followed up to the 30th day after birth. The area of the wound was measured on the 15th, 20th, and 25th day after birth using digital photographs and computer-assisted area measurements. A two-tailed unpaired t test was applied to analyze the falling off the umbilical stump, whereas a Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA test with a Dunn's multiple comparison test was used for the wound size evolution. GraphPad Prisma 5.0® and GraphPad StatMate 2.00® were used for the statistical analysis. The results revealed that phototherapy hastened the falling off the umbilical stump, accelerated navel healing, and reduced the mortality rate in newborn calves. Therefore, this study introduced a preventive and adjuvant after birth treatment that proved to be effective in reducing the incidences of omphalitis and newborn mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Augusto Lupato Conrado
- Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco (UNICASTELO), Rua Carolina Fonseca 584, Itaquera, São Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil
| | - Luiz Sergio Vanzela
- Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco (UNICASTELO), Estrada Projetada F-1, s/n, Fazenda Santa Rita, Fernandópolis, SP, 15600-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Balbin Villaverde
- Universidade Anhembi Morumbi (UAM), Rua Casa do Ator, 294 - 7° andar - Unidade 5 - Campus Vila Olímpia, São Paulo, SP, 04546-001, Brazil. .,Centro de Inovação, Tecnologia e Educação - CITE, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500 Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, São José dos Campos, SP, 12247-016, Brazil.
| | - Egberto Munin
- Universidade Anhembi Morumbi (UAM), Rua Casa do Ator, 294 - 7° andar - Unidade 5 - Campus Vila Olímpia, São Paulo, SP, 04546-001, Brazil.,Centro de Inovação, Tecnologia e Educação - CITE, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500 Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, São José dos Campos, SP, 12247-016, Brazil
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12
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Nankabirwa V, Tylleskär T, Tumuhamye J, Tumwine JK, Ndeezi G, Martines JC, Sommerfelt H. Efficacy of umbilical cord cleansing with a single application of 4% chlorhexidine for the prevention of newborn infections in Uganda: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:322. [PMID: 28701228 PMCID: PMC5508681 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yearly, nearly all the estimated worldwide 2.7 million neonatal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Infections, including those affecting the umbilical cord (omphalitis), are a significant factor in approximately a third of these deaths. In fact, the odds of all-cause mortality are 46% higher among neonates with omphalitis than in those without. Five large randomized controlled trials in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have examined the effect of multiple cord stump applications with 4% chlorhexidine (CHX) for at least 7 days on the risk of omphalitis and neonatal death. These studies, all community-based, show that multiple CHX applications reduced the risk of omphalitis. Of these trials, only one study from South Asia (the Bangladeshi study) and none from Africa examined the effect of a single application of CHX as soon as possible after birth. In this Bangladeshi trial, CHX led to a reduction in the risk of mild-moderate omphalitis and neonatal death. It is important, in an African setting, to explore the effect of a single application among health-facility births. A single application is programmatically much simpler to implement than daily applications for 7 days. Therefore, our study compares umbilical cord cleansing with a single application of 4% CHX at birth with dry cord care among Ugandan babies born in health facilities, on the risk of omphalitis and severe neonatal illness. Methods The CHX study is a facility-based, individually randomized controlled trial that will be conducted among 4760 newborns in Uganda. The primary outcomes are severe illness and omphalitis during the neonatal period. Analysis will be by intention-to-treat. Discussion This study will provide novel evidence, from a Sub-Saharan African setting, of the effect of umbilical cord cleansing with a single application of 4% CHX at birth and identify modifiable risk factors for omphalitis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02606565. Registered on 12 November 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2050-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Nankabirwa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, PO Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda. .,Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Thorkild Tylleskär
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Josephine Tumuhamye
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - James K Tumwine
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Ndeezi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - José C Martines
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Halvor Sommerfelt
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Global Women and Children's Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Rampacci E, Passamonti F, Bottinelli M, Stefanetti V, Cercone M, Nannarone S, Gialletti R, Beccati F, Coletti M, Pepe M. Umbilical infections in foals: microbiological investigation and management. Vet Rec 2017; 180:543. [PMID: 28314783 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the bacteria involved in equine omphalitis and their susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs, and consequently to provide guidelines concerning the most suitable treatment protocol in accordance with the clinical, ultrasound and laboratory findings. Forty foals aged between one and 30 days were evaluated in the course of this investigation. An ultrasound examination of all umbilical remnants was carried out carefully in all foals; umbilical swabs were collected for bacteriological examination, and blood samples were collected for blood culture from 19 foals with fever and abnormal blood values. Bacterial omphalitis was observed in 95 per cent of foals and bacterial septicaemia was diagnosed in 11 cases. Enterobacteria and coccoid Gram-positive bacteria were isolated more frequently than Serratia marcescens, Pantoea agglomerans and Trueperella pyogenes Omphalectomy was performed in 77.5 per cent of the foals examined; the remainder were treated only medically with antimicrobial drugs as recommended by antibiotic susceptibility testing performed for all bacteria isolated. Antibiotic therapy was successful in all foals that only received medical treatment; nevertheless, omphalectomy was performed in most cases particularly in situations of clinical decline despite antibiotic therapy and when involvement of umbilical vein, fever and joint disorders were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rampacci
- Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - F Passamonti
- Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - M Bottinelli
- Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - V Stefanetti
- Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - M Cercone
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - S Nannarone
- Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - R Gialletti
- Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - F Beccati
- Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - M Coletti
- Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - M Pepe
- Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, Perugia 06126, Italy
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Shariff JA, Lee KC, Leyton A, Abdalal S. Neonatal mortality and topical application of chlorhexidine on umbilical cord stump: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Public Health 2016; 139:27-35. [PMID: 27311991 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the efficacy of topical chlorhexidine as an intervention on neonatal umbilical cord stumps and its association with neonatal mortality and omphalitis. STUDY DESIGN Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHOD PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, IMSEAR, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register and Clinicaltrials.gov were screened until September 1, 2015 to identify RCTs that met the inclusion criteria. Pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS Five RCTs, conducted in Italy, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and India with a total of 55,008 participants were identified. Analysis revealed a significant reduction in the incidence of neonatal mortality among the intervention group as compared to the control group (pooled RR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6-1.0; P = 0.04; random effects model, I2 = 58%; χ2 = 9.5; P = 0.05). Additionally, decreased incidence in omphalitis was seen in the intervention group as compared to the control group (pooled RR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3-0.7; P < 0.001; random effects model, I2 = 50%; χ2 = 8.0; P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Application of chlorhexidine to newborn umbilical cord stumps, significantly reduce the incidences of both neonatal mortality and omphalitis. However, high-quality trials from different regions and obstetric settings may help form more conclusive judgement on universal application of topical chlorhexidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Shariff
- Section of Population Oral Health, Columbia University, College of Dental Medicine, 630W, 168st, 17th floor, suite 306, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - K C Lee
- Columbia University, College of Dental Medicine, 630W, 168st, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - A Leyton
- Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, 22nd Floor, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - S Abdalal
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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15
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Chawla G, Diwakar KK. Comparison of Umbilical Cord Cleansing Using Sterile Water and Povidine Iodine-Spirit During Early Neonatal Period: A Double Blind Randomized Control Trial. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:SC01-3. [PMID: 26393178 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/13562.6162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the effect of umbilical cord care with Povidine Iodine- Spirit on umbilical infection in early neonatal period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective double blinded randomized controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of daily cleansing of the umbilical cord of term infants with Spirit (Alcohol) -Povidine Iodine combination). This was also compared to the retrospective data obtained for the prevailing practice of keeping the umbilical cord dry. RESULTS 1518 infants were included in the study. (462 in the "cord care group", 496 in the "water" placebo group, & 560 in "Dry" retrospective group). There was an overall reduction in the clinically screened and evaluated "umbilical infection" in the Povidine -Iodine group. This was attributable to a greater reduction in the mixed bacterial (Colonizer/ commensals) isolates. The Relative Risk for Staph. aureus was lesser when the cord was kept dry (RR 0.6, p<0.01) and sterile water (Placebo) group (RR 0.7, p<0.01). CONCLUSION Avoiding the antiseptic cleansing increased the RR for commensal / mixed bacterial over growth that would probably facilitate umbilical cord separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Chawla
- Former Senior Resident, Department of Neonatology, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Medical College , Kolenchery PO, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - K K Diwakar
- Professor & Head, Department of Neonatology, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Medical College , Kolenchery PO, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Abstract
We report on a 62-year-old Chinese male patient who presented with a pigmented lesion in the umbilical area and who was treated for omphalitis in a local hospital for 1 month. Biopsy pathological examination revealed that the lesion was a melanoma. The Breslow depth was estimated at 3 mm, and Clark's level was IV. Ultrasonography showed no suspicious pathological lymph nodes, and no metastases were detected in the lung, liver or brain through CT scans. Reexcision was performed with lateral marginsd >2 cm from the original scar down to the peritoneum, including the umbilicus, round ligament of the liver and urachus. No adjuvant therapy was suggested, and the patient was still alive without recurrences or metastases after 36 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
A falciform ligament abscess is a rare type of intra-abdominal abscess. A 2-yr-old male, who had omphalitis two months previously, presented with a fever and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. The ultrasound and CT scan showed an abdominal wall abscess located anterior to the liver, which was refractory to conservative management with percutaneous drainage and antibiotics. On the third recurrence, surgical exploration was performed and revealed an abscess arising from the falciform ligament; the falciform ligament was excised. A follow up ultrasound confirmed complete resolution of the abscess with no further recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Bae Moon
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
A 1992 meta-analysis did not find enough evidence to recommend one method of umbilical cord care as the 'best'. However, certain agents were deemed acceptable including triple dye, silver sulfadiazine and antibiotic ointments. In this paper, the authors sought to discover whether there was now evidence to support one specific method of cord care over others for the prevention of bacterial infection. After a limited search of the English language literature published in the past 10 years, little evidence was found to suggest that treatments to sterilize or speed up the drying of the umbilical cord were either routinely necessary or efficacious. Results from nine studies are summarized in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Walker
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Ottawa, and Critical Care Patient Service Unit and Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario
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