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Wang H, Liu C, Song H, Wang H, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Chen C. Online water vapor removal membrane inlet mass spectrometer for high-sensitivity detection of dissolved methane. Talanta 2024; 273:125907. [PMID: 38479033 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Underwater mass spectrometry is characterized by excellent consistency, strong specificity, and the ability to simultaneously detect multiple substances, making it a valuable tool in research fields such as aquatic ecosystems, hydrothermal vents, and the global carbon cycle. Nevertheless, current underwater mass spectrometry encounters challenges stemming from the high-water vapor content, constituting proportions of nearly 90%. This results in issues such as peak overlap, interference with peak height, decreased ionization efficiency and, consequently, make it difficult to achieve low detection limits for extremely low concentrations of gases, such as methane, and impede the detection of background CH4 levels. In this study, we optimized the design of the sampling gas path and developed a high gas-tightness, high pressure-resistant membrane inlet system, coupled with a small-volume, low-power online water vapor removal system. This innovation efficiently eliminates water vapor while maintaining a high permeation flux of the target gases. By elevating the vacuum level to the order of 1E-6 Torr, the ionization efficiency and detection performance were improved. Based on this, we created an online water vapor removal membrane inlet mass spectrometer and conducted experimental research. Results indicated that the water removal efficiency approached 100%, and the vacuum level was elevated by more than 2 orders of magnitude. The detection limit for CH4 increased from over 600 nmol/L to 0.03 nmol/L, representing an improvement of over 4 orders of magnitude, and reaching the level of detecting background CH4 signals in deep-sea and lakes. Furthermore, the instrument exhibited excellent responsiveness and tracking capability to concentration changes on the second scale, enabling in situ analysis of rapidly changing concentration scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Changjie Liu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Haiyun Song
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Haobin Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yupeng Cheng
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Youjiang Liu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Chilai Chen
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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Zhang M, Shang R, Hong Z, Zhang H, Yu K, Kan G, Xiong H, Song D, Jiang Y, Jiang J. One-step online analysis of antibiotics in highly saline seawater by nano-based slug-flow microextraction. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:134039. [PMID: 38492401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The transition to mass spectrometry (MS) in the analysis of antibiotics in the marine environment is highly desirable, particularly in the enhancement of sensitivity for high-salinity (3.5 wt%) seawater samples. However, the persistence of complex operational procedures poses substantial challenges to this transition. In this study, a rapid method for the online analysis of antibiotics in seawater samples via nano-electrospray ionization (nESI) MS based on slug-flow microextraction (SFME) has been proposed. Comparisons with other methods, complex laboratory setups for sample processing are now seamlessly integrated into a single online step, completing the entire process, including desalination and detection, SFME-nESI-MS provides faster results in less than 2 min while maintaining sensitivity comparable to that of other detection methods. Using SFME-nESI, six antibiotics in high-salinity (3.5 wt%) seawater samples have been determined in both positive and negative ion modes. The proposed method successfully detected clarithromycin, ofloxacin, and sulfadimidine in seawater within a linear range of 1-1000 ng mL-1 and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.23, 0.06, and 0.28 ng mL-1, respectively. The method recovery was from 92.8% to 107.3%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 7.5%. In addition, the response intensity of SFME-nESI-treated high-salinity (3.5 wt%) samples surpassed that of untreated medium-salinity (0.35 wt%) samples by two to five orders of magnitude. This advancement provides an exceptionally simplified protocol for the online rapid, highly sensitive, and quantitative determination of antibiotics in high-salinity (3.5 wt%) seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Ruonan Shang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Ziying Hong
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Kai Yu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Guangfeng Kan
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Huixia Xiong
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiaonan Guan Street 8, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanxiao Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (WeiHai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China.
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Yao K, Xie X, Jiao J, Liu A, Huang Y. Plasmonic cellulose microfilament assisted SERS detection in microfluidics. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 308:123631. [PMID: 37995409 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Limited by the narrow enhanced area of nanoscale on the metal surface, the sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection in solution is usually much lower than the detection in a solid substrate, which is dramatic in microfluidics for online detection. In this work, a cellulose microfilament embraced by Ag nanoparticles, called plasmonic cellulose microfilament, is located in a microchannel for SERS detection in microfluidics. Benefiting from the congestion caused by the plasmonic cellulose microfilament in a microchannel, the trace molecule in the solution is much easier to gather in Ag nanoparticles for Raman enhancement. To obtain high sensitivity, the structure of plasmonic cellulose microfilament is optimized. The SERS spectra collected in this novel microfluidics demonstrate that the plasmonic cellulose microfilament presents a high sensitivity at 10-13 M and good reproducibility in SERS detection. In addition, automatic identification of urea presence or absence was achieved based on deep learning (DL) here. The results show excellent diagnostic accuracy (99 %), which suggests that a fast, label-free urea screening tool can be developed. These results point out this SERS microfluidics with plasmonic cellulose microfilament has a great application prospective in online SERS detection with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Yao
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xin Xie
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jiawei Jiao
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Anping Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yingzhou Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Wang Z, Cao Y, Yu Z, Tian Y, Ren J, Liu W, Fan L, Zhang Q, Cao C. High-resolution nucleic acid detection using online polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis platform. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1713:464571. [PMID: 38091846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is one of the most popular techniques for the separation and detection of nucleic acids. However, it requires a complicated detection procedure and offline detection format, which inevitably leads to band broadening and thus compromises the separation resolution. To overcome this problem, we developed an online PAGE (OPAGE) platform by integrating the gel electrophoresis apparatus with the gel imaging system, so as to obviate the need for the complicated detection procedure. Notably, OPAGE enabled the real-time monitoring of the separation process and the immediate imaging of the separation results once the electrophoresis ended. Using a series of synthetic DNAs with different lengths as samples, we demonstrated that the OPAGE platform enhanced 32-64 % of the number of theoretical plates, showed a robust dynamic range of 0.1-12.5 ng/μL, and realized a limit of detection as low as 0.08 ng/μL DNA. Based on our results, we anticipate that the OPAGE platform is a promising alternative to traditional nucleic acid gel electrophoresis for simple and high-resolution detection and quantification and nucleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yiren Cao
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zixian Yu
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Youli Tian
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jicun Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weiwen Liu
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liuyin Fan
- Student Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Chengxi Cao
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Lenz P, Bakkes PJ, Müller C, Malek M, Freudl R, Oldiges M, Drepper T, Jaeger KE, Knapp A. Analysis of protein secretion in Bacillus subtilis by combining a secretion stress biosensor strain with an in vivo split GFP assay. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:203. [PMID: 37805580 PMCID: PMC10559633 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus subtilis is one of the workhorses in industrial biotechnology and well known for its secretion potential. Efficient secretion of recombinant proteins still requires extensive optimization campaigns and screening with activity-based methods. However, not every protein can be detected by activity-based screening. We therefore developed a combined online monitoring system, consisting of an in vivo split GFP assay for activity-independent target detection and an mCherry-based secretion stress biosensor. The split GFP assay is based on the fusion of a target protein to the eleventh β-sheet of sfGFP, which can complement a truncated sfGFP that lacks this β-sheet named GFP1-10. The secretion stress biosensor makes use of the CssRS two component quality control system, which upregulates expression of mCherry in the htrA locus thereby allowing a fluorescence readout of secretion stress. RESULTS The biosensor strain B. subtilis PAL5 was successfully constructed by exchanging the protease encoding gene htrA with mCherry via CRISPR/Cas9. The Fusarium solani pisi cutinase Cut fused to the GFP11 tag (Cut11) was used as a model enzyme to determine the stress response upon secretion mediated by signal peptides SPPel, SPEpr and SPBsn obtained from naturally secreted proteins of B. subtilis. An in vivo split GFP assay was developed, where purified GFP1-10 is added to the culture broth. By combining both methods, an activity-independent high-throughput method was created, that allowed optimization of Cut11 secretion. Using the split GFP-based detection assay, we demonstrated a good correlation between the amount of secreted cutinase and the enzymatic activity. Additionally, we screened a signal peptide library and identified new signal peptide variants that led to improved secretion while maintaining low stress levels. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the combination of a split GFP-based detection assay for secreted proteins with a secretion stress biosensor strain enables both, online detection of extracellular target proteins and identification of bottlenecks during protein secretion in B. subtilis. In general, the system described here will also enable to monitor the secretion stress response provoked by using inducible promoters governing the expression of different enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lenz
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick J Bakkes
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marzena Malek
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Roland Freudl
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Andreas Knapp
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
- Castrol Germany GmbH, 41179, Mönchengladbach, Germany.
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Ciuperca G, Maciak M, Pešta M. Real-time changepoint detection in a nonlinear expectile model. METRIKA 2023:1-27. [PMID: 37360276 PMCID: PMC10062282 DOI: 10.1007/s00184-023-00904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
An online changepoint detection procedure based on conditional expectiles is introduced. The key contribution is threefold: nonlinearity of the underlying model improves the overall flexibility while a parametric form of the unknown regression function preserves a simple and straightforward interpretation; The conditional expectiles, well-known in econometrics for being the only coherent and elicitable risk measure, introduce additional robustness-especially with respect to asymmetric error distributions common in various types of data; The proposed statistical test is proved to be consistent and the distribution under the null hypothesis does not depend on the functional form of the underlying model nor the unknown parameters. Empirical properties of the proposed real-time changepoint detection test are investigated in a simulation study and a practical applicability is illustrated using the Covid-19 prevalence data from Prague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ciuperca
- Institut Camille Jordan, Université Lyon 1, 43 blvd du 11 Novembre 1918, Lyon, 69622 France
| | - Matúš Maciak
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Charles University, Sokolovská 49/83, Prague, 18675 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pešta
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Charles University, Sokolovská 49/83, Prague, 18675 Czech Republic
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Ma Y, Xiao L, Wei Y, Kumar PS, Tan Y, Li Y, Zang H. Alizarin-graphene nanocomposite for calibration-free and online pH monitoring of microbial fuel cell. Chemosphere 2022; 287:132277. [PMID: 34826938 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are sensitive to acidity variations in both bioelectricity generation and biochemical digestion aspects, therefore online pH monitoring is of necessity to guarantee optimal function of MFCs. Present pH meters hardly fulfill this special need. In this work, we designed a novel voltammetric pH sensor based on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified screen printed electrode. By surface doping of alizarin, good linearity of pH sensing over the range of 4.0-9.0 can be realized. Fast readout can be acquired within 15 s for each test. pH monitoring for artificial wastewater with inoculum of granular activated sludge in a MFC was successfully illustrated. Specially, it was verified that the performance was improved with alizarin doping due to the enhanced rGO surface proton diffusion. This approach provides an online, calibration-free and long stable pH monitoring method for the future MFC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohong Ma
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Leilei Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China.
| | - Yunwei Wei
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, Shandong, PR China
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India
| | - Yang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Hengchang Zang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
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Huang H, Qureshi JU, Liu S, Sun Z, Zhang C, Wang H. Hyperspectral Imaging as a Potential Online Detection Method of Microplastics. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 107:754-763. [PMID: 32556690 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution in aquatic environment has raised concern and as a result a number of studies have recently been published to find solutions for its rapid increase. Different methods have been proposed for microplastic identification. Spectral imaging shows a lot of promise for polymer identification; however, the identification time needs to be improved. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with chemometric analysis can reduce the identification times. In this study, we provide a review of recent studies related to polymer identification using HSI with a focus on the adopted classification algorithm and its factors for the online implementation of HSI. Furthermore, we review the limit of detection by HSI and the effect of particle size on classification accuracy. Additionally, performance of this method for various types of samples is also discussed. We conclude that HSI is possible to be a fast alternative for online microplastic detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
- The Engineering Rresearch Center of Oceanic Sensing Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation-Imaging Testbed of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Shuchang Liu
- Jacobs Engineering, University of California of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zehao Sun
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
- The Engineering Rresearch Center of Oceanic Sensing Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangzhou Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China.
- The Engineering Rresearch Center of Oceanic Sensing Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang Z, Liu J, Shen F. On-line detection and kinetic study of selenium release during combustion, gasification and pyrolysis of sawdust. Chemosphere 2021; 277:130363. [PMID: 34384192 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An on-line analysis system was firstly developed to quantitatively measure the temporal concentrations of selenium in the flue gas directly. Then the selenium release during air combustion, CO2/argon gasification, and argon pyrolysis of sawdust was systematically studied using the on-line analysis system, based on the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The peak of selenium concentration in the flue gas ranges from 0.38 to 1.76 mg∙Nm-3 with change of reaction temperature and atmosphere. The overall activation energy for selenium release is 75.3 kJ∙mol-1 in air combustion, 102.4 kJ∙mol-1 in CO2/argon gasification, and 81.9 kJ∙mol-1 in argon pyrolysis, respectively. The results show that the combustion atmosphere contributes to the selenium release more than that in gasification and pyrolysis. The promotion effect of chlorine on selenium release under combustion environment was one to three times higher than that under gasification and pyrolysis atmosphere. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculation showed that selenium oxides were the main gaseous selenium species in combustion, while the dominant gaseous selenium species were H2Se (g) and Se (g) under gasification/pyrolysis condition. The selenium release was increased with different degrees by additive chlorine species, mainly because of the formation of SeCl2 (g). The role of chlorine in selenium transformation has been provided in the proposed reaction pathways of selenium release, based on the new findings using on-line analysis system. The selenium species retained in sawdust can be transformed into selenium oxide (SeO2, SeO, corresponding to the combustion condition) and selenium hydride (H2Se, corresponding to the gasification/pyrolysis conditions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Fenghua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Écija-Arenas Á, Román-Pizarro V, Fernández-Romero JM. Separation and characterization of liposomes using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation with online multi-angle light scattering detection. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461798. [PMID: 33341435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes, mainly formed by phospholipids and cholesterol that entrapped different compounds, were separated and characterized using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled with a multi-angle light scattering detector (MALS). AF4 allows the separation of liposomes according to their hydrodynamic size, and the particle size can be estimated directly by their elution time. Besides, different synthesized liposome suspensions of liposomes with different species encapsulated in different places in liposomes were prepared with analytical purposes to be studied. These liposomes were: empty liposomes (e-Ls), magnetoliposomes (MLs) with Fe3O4@AuNPs-C12SH inside the lipid bilayer, and long-wavelength fluorophores encapsulated into the aqueous cavity of liposomes (Ls-LWF). The optimization process of the variables that affect the fractionation has been established. The separation effectiveness has been compared with the results achieved with a photon-correlation spectroscopy analyzer based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), used in self-assembly structures characterization. In all cases, three different classes of liposomes have been obtained; two are commonly appaired in all studied samples, while only a third class is characteristic for each of the liposomes. This mean that the proposed methodology could be used for identifying liposomes according to the encapsulated material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Écija-Arenas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Anexo "Marie Curie", Córdoba E-14071, España
| | - Vanesa Román-Pizarro
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Anexo "Marie Curie", Córdoba E-14071, España
| | - Juan Manuel Fernández-Romero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Anexo "Marie Curie", Córdoba E-14071, España.
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Zhao L, Zhao Y, Li R, Wu D, Xu R, Li S, Zhang Y, Ye H, Xin Q. A porphyrin-based optical sensor membrane prepared by electrostatic self-assembled technique for online detection of cadmium(II). Chemosphere 2020; 238:124552. [PMID: 31437631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An optical sensor membrane was prepared by electrostatic self-assembled technique for online detection of cadmium ion (II) (Cd(II)). The optical indicator 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl) porphyrin p-toluenesulfonate (TMPyP) was adsorbed on a hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane by electrostatic attraction and further immobilized through layer-by-layer deposition of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) on the membrane surface. The electrostatic self-assembly of polyelectrolytes on the membrane is influenced by pH and salt concentration of polyelectrolytes. The optical sensor membrane shows distinct color and spectral response to Cd(II) under static and flow-through conditions based on the coordination of TMPyP with Cd(II). A faster detection of Cd(II) is achieved at higher feed concentration of Cd(II) or appropriate lower immobilization capacity of TMPyP on the membrane. The flow-through detection is also influenced by the flow rate; higher flow rate led to faster response to Cd(II) during filtration. Compared with the static process, the flow-through conditions are more conducive to faster analysis of ppb level concentration of Cd(II) (10-3 mg L-1) due to a promoted mass transfer and filtration enrichment. Hence, the development of the optical sensor membrane in this study demonstrated the prospect to make membranes multifunctional with advantages for online chromatic warning in addition to adsorption/rejection of heavy metal ions in the solutions that are treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, PR, China.
| | - Yaxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, PR, China
| | - Rishun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, PR, China
| | - Dihao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, PR, China
| | - Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, PR, China
| | - Sensen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, PR, China
| | - Yuzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, PR, China.
| | - Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, PR, China
| | - Qingping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, PR, China
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