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Kanizaj Ugrin S, Špalj S. Comparison of efficacy of thermoplastic retainer with round and rectangular bonded lingual wire retainer in the mandible two years after orthodontic treatment: a randomised controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:183. [PMID: 38424224 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse three protocols in maintaining the stability of orthodontic therapy results and their effect on gingival health. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-six subjects (pre-therapeutic age 11-18 years; 68% female) randomly allocated into three retention groups of equal size were analysed. The first group had a 0.673 × 0.268 mm (0.027 × 0.011 inches) rectangular braided steel retention wire bonded to the lingual surfaces of all mandibular teeth from canine to canine, and the second group had a 0.406 mm (0.016 inches) round twisted steel wire. The third group was the control, without wires, and only with vacuum-formed retainers. All three groups had vacuum-formed removable retainers in the maxilla. The frequency of wire detachment/breakage/loss of retainer, the occurrence of crowding of mandibular incisors, and changes in intercanine width and gingival health were monitored. RESULTS Incidence and severity of relapse differed between groups (p = 0.001 and 0.049) being most common in the removable retainer group (incidence 68.2%; severity 0.7 ± 1.0 mm), followed by the round wire group (36.4%; 0.5 ± 1.2 mm) and rectangular wire group (13.6%; 0.1 ± 0.1 mm). The intercanine width decreased more without a bonded retainer (incidence 68.2%; severity 0.5 ± 0.7 mm) and with the round wire more (45.5%; 0.5 ± 0.7 mm) than with the rectangular (27.3%; 0.1 ± 0.3 mm). The difference was significant for incidence (p = 0.025), but not severity. Detaching of the wires/breakage/loss of retainer was similar. There were no significant differences in the accumulation of biofilm, calculus and gingivitis between appliances. CONCLUSION A rectangular wire is the most effective in retention, and the impact of retention appliances on gingival health is similar. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05121220. Registered 02 October 2021 - Retrospectively registered. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Studying guidelines for reducing relapse, proper use of materials and appliances, the behavior of retention wires according to their profile in the retention phase, and possibilities of maintaining oral health will contribute to improving the stability of orthodontic therapy results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvija Kanizaj Ugrin
- Orthodontic Clinic Orthonova, Zagreb, Croatia.
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Stjepan Špalj
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Möhlhenrich SC, Schmidt P, Chhatwani S, Kniha K, Tsipkis A, Jackowski J, Schulte AG, Danesh G. Orofacial findings and orthodontic treatment conditions in patients with down syndrome - a retrospective investigation. Head Face Med 2023; 19:15. [PMID: 37149612 PMCID: PMC10163777 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-023-00362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The most common chromosomal anomaly is Down syndrome/Trisomy 21, which can be associated with varying degrees of intellectual disability and physical malformation. Specific orofacial characteristics regarding orthodontic treatment options and features are described on the basis of a patient collective from the Witten/Herdecke University, Germany. METHODS Data of 20 patients (14 boys and 6 girls, mean age: 11.69 ± 3.94 years) who underwent orthodontic treatment between July 2011 and May 2022 were analyzed. Baseline skeletal and dental conditions were assessed, as well as the presence of hypodontia, displacements, and treatment-related root resorptions. The treatment need was evaluated based on the main findings according to the German KIG classification. In addition, treatment success was determined in relation to patient compliance. RESULTS The patient group was characterized predominantly by a class III relationship (ΔANB: -2.07 ± 3.90°; ΔWITS: -3.91 ± 4.33 mm) and a brachyfacial cranial configuration (ΔML-NL: -4.38 ± 7.05°, ΔArGoMe: - 8.45 ± 10.06°). The transversal discrepancy of the dental arch width from maxilla to mandible was -0.91 ± 3.44 mm anteriorly and -4.4 ± 4.12 mm posteriorly. Considering the orthodontic indication groups, the most frequent initial finding and treatment indication represented hypodontia (85%), followed by frontal (75%) and unilateral lateral (35%) crossbite. In 55% of the cases, the teeth had a regular shape, but in 35% a generalized and in 15% an isolated hypoplasia. Only 25% of the patients could be treated with a fixed multiband appliance due to sufficient cooperation. In each of these patients, varying degrees of root resorptions were detected during treatment, and 45% of all treatments had to be terminated prematurely due to a lack of cooperation by patients or parents. CONCLUSION The extent of dental and skeletal malformations and the high rate of findings requiring treatment in patients with Down syndrome represent a significant indication for orthodontic therapy, which can be well illustrated by the KIG classification. However, this is in contrast to the eventually increased risk of root resorption, with significantly reduced patient cooperation. A compromised treatment outcome and process must be expected. Consequently, the orthodontic treatment must be simple and realistic to achieve fast and therapeutically satisfactory treatment result.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Schmidt
- Department for Special Care Dentistry, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 45, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Sachin Chhatwani
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 45, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Kristian Kniha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alan Tsipkis
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 45, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Joachim Jackowski
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 45, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Andreas G Schulte
- Department for Special Care Dentistry, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 45, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Gholamreza Danesh
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 45, 58455, Witten, Germany
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Sander AK, Grau E, Bartella AK, Kloss-Brandstätter A, Neuhaus M, Zimmerer R, Lethaus B. Dental anomalies and their therapeutic implications: retrospective assessment of a frequent finding in patients with cleft lip and palate. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:553. [PMID: 36457084 PMCID: PMC9714158 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orofacial clefts are characterized by a frequent occurrence of dental anomalies. Numerous studies demonstrate the high prevalence of dental aplasia, supernumerary teeth, and hypoplastic teeth in patients with cleft lip with/without cleft palate (CL/P), yet the therapeutic consequences are rarely discussed. This study explores prevalence, localization, and association between primary and secondary dentition in a large European collective and begins to evaluate the significance of dental anomalies in the therapeutic course of patients with CL/P. METHODS The medical reports of 1070 patients with different entities of CL/P who presented to our clinic within a 15-year investigation period were evaluated retrospectively. Dental anomalies were classified into three different diagnostic groups: dental aplasia, supernumerary teeth and hypoplastic teeth. The statistical analyses included studies of the frequency and localization of dental anomalies in different cleft entities as well as of the association between primary and secondary dentition and the therapeutic consequences. RESULTS Uni- or bilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) (47.5%) occurred most frequently, followed by cleft palate only (CPO) (32.9%) and cleft lip with or without alveolus (CL ± A) (19.6%). Dental anomalies were found significantly more often on the side of the cleft. Aplastic permanent teeth were mostly found in patients with CLP (54.8%), while supernumerary permanent teeth occurred primarily in patients with CL ± A (21.7%). Patients with CPO presented dental aplasia but no patient with CPO showed supernumerary teeth. The occurrence of dental aplasia in the primary dentition significantly increases the probability of aplastic teeth in the permanent dentition. Dental anomalies, in particular dental aplasia, significantly increase patients' need for subsequent orthodontic therapy and orthognathic surgery. CONCLUSION Dental aplasia and hypoplasia are common in patients with CL/P not only in the cleft area but in the whole dentition. In the event of dental aplasia in the primary dentition, the frequency of aplastic teeth in the permanent dentition is significantly higher. Additionally, the need for therapeutic interventions, especially concerning orthognathic surgery, seems to be significantly higher in patients with CL/P who are affected by dental anomalies. Clinicians should take this into account when creating long-term treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Sander
- grid.411339.d0000 0000 8517 9062Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - E. Grau
- grid.411339.d0000 0000 8517 9062Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - A. K. Bartella
- grid.411339.d0000 0000 8517 9062Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - A. Kloss-Brandstätter
- grid.411339.d0000 0000 8517 9062Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M. Neuhaus
- grid.411339.d0000 0000 8517 9062Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - R. Zimmerer
- grid.411339.d0000 0000 8517 9062Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - B. Lethaus
- grid.411339.d0000 0000 8517 9062Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Díaz-Rojas AR, Angeles-Estrada L, Pérez Vielma NM, Sánchez-Monroy V. Short tandem repeat (STR) instability in the oral mucosa of patients submitted to fixed orthodontic therapy: a limitation of STR profile quality for human identification. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2022; 18:57-63. [PMID: 35098422 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-021-00451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in short tandem repeat (STR) profile quality before and after fixed orthodontic therapy. Samples of oral epithelial cells were obtained from 28 volunteers who had an indication for orthodontic treatment. The samples were collected before and three months after starting orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. DNA extraction and integrity were evaluated by electrophoresis, and STR profiles were obtained by polymerase chain reaction amplification and STR typing via capillary electrophoresis. DNA electrophoresis showed a higher proportion (7/28, 25%) of DNA degradation in the samples collected after fixed orthodontic treatment compared to those obtained before starting orthodontic therapy (3/28, 11%), however, changes in DNA were not significant (p=0.289). In concordance all STR profiles showed complete genotyping; however, imbalances in the size of heterozygotes and in the signal were detected in 25% of STR profiles after orthodontic therapy. Moreover, STR instability was demonstrated by an increase in stutter bands detected in 60% of the DNA profiles after treatment and a spurious allele of the D195433 marker was found in one sample after treatment. The STR profiles of samples obtained from the oral cavity with orthodontic appliances should be interpreted with caution. STR instability increases the incidence of artifacts that could compromise the quality of the results of tests performed in forensic DNA laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Rafael Díaz-Rojas
- Unidad de Especialidades Odontológicas, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Estado de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Lucía Angeles-Estrada
- Unidad de Especialidades Odontológicas, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Estado de México, Mexico City, México
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac, Estado de México, Naucalpan de Juárez, México
| | - Nadia Mabel Pérez Vielma
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud Unidad Santo Tómas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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Elkholy F, Schmidt S, Schmidt F, Amirkhani M, Lapatki BG. Force decay of polyethylene terephthalate glycol aligner materials during simulation of typical clinical loading/unloading scenarios. J Orofac Orthop 2021; 84:189-201. [PMID: 34882259 PMCID: PMC10119250 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This in vitro study investigated the effect of three distinct daily loading/unloading cycles on force delivery during orthodontic aligner therapy. The cycles were applied for 7 days and were designed to reflect typical clinical aligner application scenarios. MATERIALS AND METHODS Flat polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) specimens (Duran®, Scheu Dental, Iserlohn, Germany) with thicknesses ranging between 0.4 and 0.75 mm were tested in a three-point-bending testing machine. Measurements comprised loading/unloading intervals of 12 h/12 h, 18 h/6 h, and 23 h/1 h, and specimens were exposed to bidistilled water during loading to simulate intraoral conditions. RESULTS A very large decay in force for the PET‑G specimens could already be observed after the first loading period, with significantly different residual force values of 24, 20, and 21% recorded for the 12 h/12 h, 18 h/6 h, and 23 h/1 h loading/unloading modes, respectively (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.01). In addition, further decays in force from the first to the last loading period at day 7 of 13.5% (12 h/12 h), 9.7% (18 h/6 h), and 8.4% (23 h/1 h) differed significantly among the three distinct loading modes (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Although the initial material stiffness of PET‑G is relatively high, the transmission of excessive forces is attenuated by the high material-related force decay already within a few hours after intraoral insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez Elkholy
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Silva Schmidt
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Falko Schmidt
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Masoud Amirkhani
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd G Lapatki
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Wichelhaus A, Dulla M, Sabbagh H, Baumert U, Stocker T. Stainless steel and NiTi torque archwires and apical root resorption. J Orofac Orthop 2020; 82:1-12. [PMID: 32875350 PMCID: PMC7803709 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-020-00244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective The amount of apical root resorption when using the torque-segmented archwire (TSA) was investigated as well as the extent and direction of the therapeutically indicated apical movement and the treatment duration. Materials and methods The degree of apical root resorption in 18 randomly chosen Class II and Class I patients treated with the TSA, as well as in 18 conventionally treated patients were evaluated using pre- and posttreatment panoramic radiographs. The sagittal and vertical apical movements and inclination changes were determined based on pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms. Nonparametric tests were applied to test between treatment groups and steps. The Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis, Pearson correlation and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were applied for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Results The incidence of root resorptions was 89–94.4% in low or moderate level. The relative root–crown ratio (rRCR) was not statistically different between the TSA and control groups except tooth 12. The axis of the incisors in the TSA group was significantly improved. The main direction of movement of the apices of the central incisors was retrusion and extrusion. No interdependence between the amount of resorption and the parameters of treatment duration, extent and direction of apical movement were found. Conclusion The results of the study showed that the amount of apical root resorption with the TSA is slight to moderate and can be compared to conventional orthodontic treatment. The TSA is hence a suitable method for applying targeted torques to the incisors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wichelhaus
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Marc Dulla
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Hisham Sabbagh
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Baumert
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Stocker
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Cerroni S, Pasquantonio G, Condò R, Cerroni L. Orthodontic Fixed Appliance and Periodontal Status: An Updated Systematic Review. Open Dent J 2018; 12:614-622. [PMID: 30369970 PMCID: PMC6182882 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901814010614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontal implications of orthodontic therapy are frequent, gingival and periodontal conditions need to be evaluated for every appointment. Several studies have analyzed the effects of fixed appliance on periodontal health. Objective: To evaluate whether there is updated scientific evidence on the relationship between fixed orthodontic therapy and periodontal health. Methods: A literature search was performed using the Pubmed and Cochrane databases and manual search; the search was carried out using the keywords “orthodontic” and “periodontal”. Articles published only in the English language from January 1997 to April 2017 were included. The inclusion criteria were: RCTs, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and case-control studies only in English language; only studies on humans, with a minimum sample size of 20 patients and no restriction in terms of patient ages; orthodontic fixed appliances placed into the buccal tooth surface; standardization and training in oral hygiene; Periodontal Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), at least at baseline (before appliance was placed) and after follow up (with a minimum period of 3 months). The exclusion criteria were as follows: absence of baseline data before fixed appliances was placed; patients with systemic diseases, periodontal disease or craniofacial anomalies; removable appliances or orthodontic appliance on the lingual dental surface; and no standardization or training in oral hygiene. Studies were selected by abstract and title; then, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria were evaluated and classified as having low, moderate or high methodology quality. Results: Fifty-five records were reviewed on the basis of title and abstract. After full-text reading, 47 full texts were excluded, and 3 articles were classified as having low methodological quality and 5 as having moderate methodological quality. Conclusions: The present systematic analysis suggests that there is moderate scientific evidence that a fixed appliance influences periodontal status; no article reported a high score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cerroni
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Pasquantonio
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Condò
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cerroni
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the knowledge and attitudes of orthodontic trainees towards orthodontic therapists (OTs) in the UK. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING UK-based orthodontic trainees. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic survey was sent to all members of the Training Grades Group of the British Orthodontic Society assessing exposure to OTs and their knowledge regarding current supervision guidelines and scope of practice. Attitudes towards OTs were also explored. RESULTS Seventy-six responses (response rate 57%) were returned. Nearly 90% of trainees had no formal training regarding OTs. A total of 15.5% were aware of the correct current supervision guidelines and there was large variation in the knowledge of OTs' scope of practice. The majority of trainees were happy to supervise OTs, but only 22.4% felt prepared for this during training. In total, 63% of trainees felt that OTs could impact their own future job prospects. CONCLUSIONS Currently, there is minimal formal training provided to trainees regarding the role of OTs. This is reflected in the lack of knowledge regarding supervision guidelines and scope of practice. Overall, trainees felt OTs were positive for the workforce but were concerned regarding the impact of their own future employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Patel
- a Orthodontic Department , Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - Gavin Mack
- a Orthodontic Department , Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
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Elekdag-Turk S, Ozkalayci N, Isci D, Turk T. Color preferences of patients receiving elastic ligatures. Eur J Dent 2010; 4:171-4. [PMID: 20396449 PMCID: PMC2853826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the color preferences for elastic ligatures among patients receiving fixed-appliance orthodontic therapy. METHODS Five hundred patients with metal brackets (336 female patients and 164 male patients) were included, and their color preferences for elastic ligatures were recorded using a color scale. Chi-square analysis was performed to evaluate the color preferences and to determine the influence of age and gender on color preferences (P<.05). RESULTS Two hundred and seventy-six patients (55.2%) preferred strikingly colorful elastic ligatures, while 224 patients (44.8%) preferred less noticeable elastic ligatures. No significant difference was observed between the color preferences of female and male patients (P>.05). However, significant differences were observed between the color preferences of adolescents and older patients (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Female patients preferred red-purple-colored tones, while male patients preferred blue-black-colored tones. Adolescents preferred colorful elastic ligatures, while older patients preferred ligatures with less-noticeable colors. A stock of 10-12 colorful and less-noticeable elastic ligatures seems to be adequate to ensure patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Elekdag-Turk
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey.,Corresponding author: Dr. Selma Elekdag-Turk, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, 55139 Kurupelit/Samsun, Turkey. Phone: +90 544 640 34 24 Fax: +90 362 457 60 32, E-mail:
| | - Nurhat Ozkalayci
- Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Devrim Isci
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Tamer Turk
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
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