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Sahu BP, Majee P, Mishra C, Dash M, Biswal S, Sahoo N, Nayak D. The emergence of subclades A1 and A3 avipoxviruses in India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:510-517. [PMID: 31692237 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During the years 2010-2018, avipoxvirus (APV) outbreaks were observed in the domestic chickens and pigeons present in the eastern Indian state of Odisha. Based on typical pox lesions, followed by molecular techniques, the overall morbidity was found to be 18%-19.23% and 16.92%-23% in chickens and pigeons, respectively. The cutaneous forms of the disease were observed with varied rates of mortality, being 47.36%-52.77% in chickens and 39.13%-92% in pigeons. PCR amplification targeting the viral P4b core protein-coding gene and the DNA polymerase gene confirmed the presence of APV strains in 10 birds. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of these two genes confirmed that the circulating strains were members of APV clade A. The subclade analysis revealed the introduction of A1 and A3 subclades in Indian chickens and pigeons, respectively. This study is the first molecular record of APVs circulating in eastern Indian birds (Odisha) and involves the first use of the polymerase gene to reveal the circulating clades of Indian APVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta Pravas Sahu
- Discipline of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
| | - Prativa Majee
- Discipline of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
| | - Chinmayee Mishra
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manojita Dash
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sangram Biswal
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Niranjan Sahoo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Discipline of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
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Abstract
1. Avipoxvirus (APV) infections are one of many threats inflicting economic losses within the poultry industry, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. A proper and comprehensive study for APVs is needed to increase the knowledge concerning the diversity and evolution of the virus.2. For this purpose, 136 bird flocks of different species and breeding types were examined for APV infection between October 2016 and November 2017. One hundred and thirty samples had visible pocks on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) which were designated as fowl pox-like viruses via amplification of 578 bp from the P4b gene and 1800 bp from the fpv140 locus.4. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of fpv167 locus (P4b), fpv140 locus (fpv139 and fpv140) and fpv94 (DNA polymerase) revealed that all the analysed strains belong to fowl pox-like viruses (clade A; subclade A1 and A2). Based on the fpv140 locus full nucleotide sequence, three turkey originated strains were seen to be divergent from chicken originated sequences and branched into novel subclade A1.b.5. Trees comparison, within the term of speculation of virus-host specificity, clearly highlighted a high order specific subgrouping among subclades in the case of the fpv140 locus (including fpv139 and fpv140). Hence, the fowl poxvirus, turkey poxvirus and pigeon poxvirus strains clustered into distinct host-specific subclades A1a, A1.b and A2, respectively, which could not be seen in the FWPV-P4b and DNA polymerase phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lebdah
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - A M Ali
- The Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - A A Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - O Hassanin
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Sharma B, Nashiruddullah N, Bhat MA, Taku A, Roychoudhury P, Ahmed JA, Sood S, Mehmood S. Occurrence and phylogenetic analysis of avipoxvirus isolated from birds around Jammu. Virusdisease 2019; 30:288-293. [PMID: 31179368 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-00507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Domesticated fowls, pigeons and turkey birds were screened for avipoxvirus infection from different areas in Jammu region. Based on typical pox lesions the overall occurrence in fowl was found to be 18.52%, 17.03% in pigeons and 57.14% in turkeys. Mortality recorded in chicks was 41.96%, 45.36% in squabs, 100% in poults, and 20.00% in adult turkeys. Both cutaneous and diphtheritic forms of the disease was observed of which the latter was particularly prevalent in young birds. One sample of putative fowlpox virus (FWPV) from skin lesions of a fowl, and two samples of putative pigeonpox virus (PGPV) from skin and diphtheritic lesions each were inoculated on chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) of 10-12 days old chicken embryonated eggs. A confirmatory diagnosis was made by PCR amplification of a highly conserved P4b gene locus detected in tissue samples from skin, diphtheritic membrane and virus inoculated CAM yielding a predicted 578 bp product. Phylogenetic analysis based on the same P4b gene locus revealed FWPV and turkeypox virus (TKPV) to be 99% related and belonging to clade 1, while PGPV was found to belong to clade 2. All three isolates illustrate considerable heterogeneity within the conserved P4b gene locus. The study indicates that the closely related FWPV and TKPV isolates may have the potential of cross infection between fowls and turkeys and therefore cross transmission studies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh Sharma
- 1Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Jammu, RS Pura, Jammu & Kashmir 181102 India
| | - Nawab Nashiruddullah
- 1Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Jammu, RS Pura, Jammu & Kashmir 181102 India
| | - Mohd Altaf Bhat
- 2Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Jammu, RS Pura, Jammu & Kashmir 181102 India
| | - Anil Taku
- 2Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Jammu, RS Pura, Jammu & Kashmir 181102 India
| | - Parimal Roychoudhury
- 3Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796001 India
| | - Jafrin Ara Ahmed
- 4Division of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Jammu, RS Pura, Jammu & Kashmir 181102 India
| | - Shilpa Sood
- 1Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Jammu, RS Pura, Jammu & Kashmir 181102 India
| | - Syed Mehmood
- 1Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Jammu, RS Pura, Jammu & Kashmir 181102 India
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Lecis R, Secci F, Antuofermo E, Nuvoli S, Scagliarini A, Pittau M, Alberti A. Multiple gene typing and phylogeny of avipoxvirus associated with cutaneous lesions in a stone curlew. Vet Res Commun 2017; 41:77-83. [PMID: 28054222 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-016-9674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Avipoxvirus (APV) infections have been observed in a wide variety of wild, captive and domestic avian hosts, recently including a range of island endemic and endangered species. However, not enough is known about genome diversity and phylogenetic relationships of APVs, as well as their host-range specificity. A wild stone curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus) was recovered in Sardinia (Italy), showing large wart-like lesions and nodules on both legs and toes, which resulted positive to poxvirus by PCR. Histopathological examination of the lesions showed ballooning degeneration and large intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies consistent with APV infection. A multiple gene sequencing approach was applied to highlight the phylogenetic relationships of this virus with a panel of selected APVs at the clade and subclade levels. This novel isolate was characterized by sequencing partial 4b core protein, P35 (locus fpv140) and DNA polymerase genes and phylogenetic analyses assigned it to clade A, (Fowlpox virus, FWPV), subclade A2. Conservation implications of avian pox presence in Sardinian stone curlews and possibly in other island bird species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lecis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Fabio Secci
- Wildlife Recovery Centre/Veterinary Clinic, Via Europa 19, Villamassargia, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sara Nuvoli
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scagliarini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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