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Winder FM, Breuer G, Favero M, Foessleitner P, Friemann M, Krischer B, Windsperger K, Weiss M. Postgraduate medical education in obstetrics and gynaecology: Where are we now and what do we need for the future? A study on postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynaecology in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. GMS J Med Educ 2022; 39:Doc41. [PMID: 36310887 PMCID: PMC9585411 DOI: 10.3205/zma001562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: In this study, we aim to assess the current situation of postgraduate medical education in obstetrics and gynaecology in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In addition, we aim to determine transferable advantages amongst the countries. Study design: We performed a survey through a digital questionnaire with a total of 40 questions. The survey was advertised via communication channels of the German, Austrian and Swiss gynaecological societies; the participants were enrolled anonymously. Results: A total of 422 trainees took part in the survey. Differences within the three countries where found regarding the workload and the training of sub-specialties. Generally, the participants described to spend the majority of their daily working hours on documentation. Concerning assessment of current training regulations, more than half of trainees stated that they were actually faced with notable difficulties to fulfil the required obligatory numbers of self-performed interventions being documented. When asked for their intrinsic feeling of safety, around two-third of trainees felt "confident to very confident" during standard interventions. These numbers were up to 12% higher in the group of trainees who experienced simulation training during their education. Conclusion: With the help of this survey, weak points can be identified such as workload and implementation of current training regulations. Projects and ideas as EBCOG PACT, EPAs, the reduction of bureaucracy through digitization and deepening skills through simulation make a valuable contribution to compensate for these deficits and to adapt to future requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska M. Winder
- Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Frauenklinik, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Junges Forum der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe – gynécologie suisse (SGGG), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Georg Breuer
- Universitätsklinikum Tulln, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Junge Gyn in der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (OEGGG), Wien, Austria
| | - Martine Favero
- Junges Forum der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe – gynécologie suisse (SGGG), Bern, Switzerland
- Rhypraxis, Feuerthalen, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Foessleitner
- Junge Gyn in der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (OEGGG), Wien, Austria
- Medizinische Universität Wien, Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Klinische Abteilung für Geburtshilfe und Feto-Maternale Medizin, Wien, Austria
| | - Margareta Friemann
- Universitätsspital Münster, Department für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Münster, Germany
- Junges Forum in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (DGGG), Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedict Krischer
- Junges Forum der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe – gynécologie suisse (SGGG), Bern, Switzerland
- Universität Zürich, Institut für Medizinische Genetik, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Windsperger
- Junge Gyn in der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (OEGGG), Wien, Austria
- Medizinische Universität Wien, Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Klinische Abteilung für Geburtshilfe und Feto-Maternale Medizin, Wien, Austria
| | - Martin Weiss
- Universitätsspital Münster, Department für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Münster, Germany
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Department für Frauengesundheit, Tübingen, Germany
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Fan Y, Li Y, Liu Q. Enhanced Dissolution of 7-ADCA in the Presence of PGME for Enzymatic Synthesis of Cephalexin. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021. [PMID: 34845585 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic catalysis has been recognized as a green alternative to classical chemical route for synthesis of cephalexin (CEX). However, its industrial practice has been severely limited by the low productivity due to the low solubility of 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) and high hydrolysis of D-phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME). In this work, the enhanced dissolution of 7-ADCA in the presence of PGME for efficient enzymatic synthesis of CEX was investigated. Results showed that the solubility of 7-ADCA in water could be improved by PGME. Moreover, supersaturated solution of 7-ADCA could be created in the presence of PGME by a pH shift strategy. The supersaturated solution of 7-ADCA possess good stability, which could be explained in terms of the inhibition of 7-ADCA precipitation due to the presence of PGME. The interaction between 7-ADCA and PGME is explored by spectroscopic determination and DFT analysis and the mechanism of enhanced dissolution of 7-ADCA in the presence of PGME is discussed and proposed. The feasibility of supersaturated solution of 7-ADCA for the enzymatic synthesis of CEX is evaluated. It was demonstrated that high conversion ratio (> 95.0%) and productivity (> 240.0 mmol/L/h) was obtained under a wide range of reaction conditions, indicating that the supersaturated solution system was highly superior to conventional homogeneous solution system. The information obtained in this work will be helpful to industrial production of CEX via enzymatic route.
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van der Aa JE, Aabakke AJM, Ristorp Andersen B, Settnes A, Hornnes P, Teunissen PW, Goverde AJ, Scheele F. From prescription to guidance: a European framework for generic competencies. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2020; 25:173-187. [PMID: 31451981 PMCID: PMC7018687 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-019-09910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In postgraduate medical education, required competencies are described in detail in existing competency frameworks. This study proposes an alternative strategy for competency-based medical education design, which is supported by change management theories. We demonstrate the value of allowing room for re-invention and creative adaptation of innovations. This new strategy was explored for the development of a new generic competency framework for a harmonised European curriculum in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The generic competency framework was developed through action research. Data were collected by four European stakeholder groups (patients, nurses, midwives and hospital boards), using a variety of methods. Subsequently, the data were analysed further in consensus discussions with European specialists and trainees in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. These discussions ensured that the framework provides guidance, is specialty-specific, and that implementation in all European countries could be feasible. The presented generic competency framework identifies four domains: 'Patient-centred care', 'Teamwork', 'System-based practice' and 'Personal and professional development'. For each of these four domains, guiding competencies were defined. The new generic competency framework is supported by European specialists and trainees in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, as well as by their European stakeholders. According to change management theories, it seems vital to allow room for re-invention and creative adaptation of the competency framework by medical professionals. Therefore, the generic competency framework offers guidance rather than prescription. The presented strategy for competency framework development offers leads for implementation of competency-based medical education as well as for development of innovations in postgraduate medical education in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E van der Aa
- Department of Research and Education, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna J M Aabakke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- European Network of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (ENTOG), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Betina Ristorp Andersen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Settnes
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Hornnes
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pim W Teunissen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelique J Goverde
- European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fedde Scheele
- Department of Research and Education, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Van der Aa JE, Goverde AJ, Scheele F. Improving the training of the future gynaecologist: development of a European curriculum in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG-PACT). Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2018; 10:1-2. [PMID: 30510662 PMCID: PMC6260669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Board & College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology has initiated improvement of the European standards of training in Obstetrics and Gynaecology through the project called 'EBCOG-PACT'. In this project, a pan-European curriculum for postgraduate training in Obstetrics and Gynaecology has been developed. The curriculum is societally responsive, and based on the latest medical educational methodology. It consists of the description of outcomes of training for the common Core Curriculum and Electives, the General competencies and soft skills to be trained, and strategies for training of obstetrical skills, gynaecological skills, ultrasound skills and bio-psychosocial and communicative skills. Also, the curriculum provides strategies for assessment through entrustment, a model for portfolio as well as strategies for faculty development and quality management of training. The implementation of the European curriculum in Obstetrics and Gynaecology will provide opportunities for national scientific and professional societies and ministries of health or education to consider modernisation of national or local OBGYN training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- JE Van der Aa
- Department of Research and Education, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, VU, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - AJ Goverde
- European Board & College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Brussels,
Belgium,Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F Scheele
- Department of Research and Education, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, VU, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,European Board & College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Brussels,
Belgium,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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