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Bergmann M, Zablotski Y, Rieger A, Speck S, Truyen U, Hartmann K. Comparison of four commercially available point-of-care tests to detect antibodies against canine distemper virus in dogs. Vet J 2021; 273:105693. [PMID: 34148608 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pre-vaccination antibody testing to determine dogs' immunity against canine distemper virus (CDV) is increasingly used. Four point-of-care tests (POC A-D) are available in Europe, but their diagnostic accuracy has not been compared. The study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy and usability of these tests. Sera of client-owned dogs (n = 198; healthy n = 22; unhealthy dogs n = 176) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) dogs (n = 40) were included. Virus neutralisation (VN) was performed as the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and overall accuracy (OA) were determined. McNemar's test was used to determine significant differences between specificity and sensitivity of the tests and Cohen's kappa was used to assess agreement. The prevalence of anti-CDV antibodies by VN was 80% in client-owned dogs overall, with 100% prevalence in healthy dogs, and 0% in SPF dogs. POC-C and POC-D were considered easiest to perform. Specificity of all tests was high using sera from SPF dogs (88-100%). In healthy dogs, sensitivity was variable (45-98%). Specificity was low in all four POC tests when using sera from acutely ill dogs (6-53%) and clinically healthy dogs with chronic disease (5-77%). In client-owned dogs, including healthy and unhealthy dogs, agreement was poor between tests. All POC tests had a low specificity when investigating sera from ill client-owned dogs and usefullness of these tests especially in dogs that are acutely ill or have chronic disease is not supported by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bergmann
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Y Zablotski
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - A Rieger
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - S Speck
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - U Truyen
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Hartmann
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Ceffa S, Luhanga R, Andreotti M, Brambilla D, Erba F, Jere H, Mancinelli S, Giuliano M, Palombi L, Marazzi MC. Comparison of the Cepheid GeneXpert and Abbott M2000 HIV-1 real time molecular assays for monitoring HIV-1 viral load and detecting HIV-1 infection. J Virol Methods 2015; 229:35-9. [PMID: 26709099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Assessing treatment efficacy and early infant diagnosis (EID) are critical issues in HIV disease management. Point-of-care assays may greatly increase the possibility to access laboratory monitoring also in rural areas. Recently two new laboratory tests have been developed by Cepheid (Sunnyvale, California) the Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load for viral load determination and the Xpert HIV-1 Qualitative for early infant diagnosis. We conducted a study in Blantyre, Malawi, comparing the 2 methods versus the Abbott real time quantitative and qualitative assays, for viral load and EID respectively. We tested 300 plasma samples for viral load determination and 200 samples for infant diagnosis. HIV-1 RNA values of the 274 samples quantified by both assays were highly correlated (Pearson r=0.95, R(2)=0.90). In 90.9% of the cases the two methods were concordant in defining the HIV-1 RNA levels as detectable or undetectable. For EID, the Xpert HIV-1 Qualitative assay yielded the same identical results as the Abbott assay. Both the quantitative and the qualitative Xpert assays are promising tools to monitor treatment efficacy in HIV patients receiving treatment and for early diagnosis in HIV-exposed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ceffa
- DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, via di San Gallicano 25, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Richard Luhanga
- DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, DREAM Health Center, Jacaranda Avenue P.O BOX 30355 Mandala Chichiri Blantyre 3, 265, Malawi
| | - Mauro Andreotti
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena n.299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Davide Brambilla
- DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, via di San Gallicano 25, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvio Erba
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Haswel Jere
- DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, DREAM Health Center, Jacaranda Avenue P.O BOX 30355 Mandala Chichiri Blantyre 3, 265, Malawi
| | - Sandro Mancinelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma Tor Vergata, via Montpellier n.1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Giuliano
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena n.299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Palombi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma Tor Vergata, via Montpellier n.1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Marazzi
- Department of Community Health, LUMSA University, Via Transpontina n.21, 00193 Rome, Italy
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Oriero EC, Van Geertruyden JP, Nwakanma DC, D'Alessandro U, Jacobs J. Novel techniques and future directions in molecular diagnosis of malaria in resource-limited settings. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:1419-26. [PMID: 26413727 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1090878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite being preventable and treatable, malaria remains a global health concern with approximately 1.2 billion people at high risk of being infected, 90% of whom are in the resource-limited settings of sub-Saharan Africa. The continued decline in malaria cases globally has rekindled the possibility of elimination in certain regions. As humans constitute the main reservoir of malaria, prompt and accurate diagnosis by microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests is part not only of effective disease management but also of control measures. However, for malaria elimination, more sensitive diagnostic tools are needed to detect asymptomatic and sub-microscopic infections that contribute to transmission. Molecular techniques, which involve amplification of nucleic acids, are being developed and modified to suit this purpose. This report provides a summary of the nucleic acid amplification tests that are currently available for diagnosis of malaria, with current improvements and adaptations for use in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniyou Cheryll Oriero
- a 1 Medical Research Council Unit , Fajara, The Gambia.,b 2 International Health Unit, University of Antwerp , Antwerp, Belgium.,c 3 Institute of Tropical Medicine , Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Umberto D'Alessandro
- a 1 Medical Research Council Unit , Fajara, The Gambia.,c 3 Institute of Tropical Medicine , Antwerp, Belgium.,d 4 London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , London, UK
| | - Jan Jacobs
- c 3 Institute of Tropical Medicine , Antwerp, Belgium.,e 5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
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Satyanarayana S, Sagili K, Chadha SS, Pai M. Use of rapid point-of-care tests by primary health care providers in India: findings from a community-based survey. Public Health Action 2015; 4:249-51. [PMID: 26400704 DOI: 10.5588/pha.14.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In a cross-sectional survey conducted in 45 districts of India, we assessed 1) use of any rapid point-of-care (POC) tests by primary health care providers, and 2) their willingness to use POC tests for tuberculosis (TB) in future. A total of 767 primary health care providers, including private and public sector practitioners, health workers and chemists, were interviewed. A quarter of the primary health care providers reported using POC tests, with pregnancy tests being the most common. Nearly half of the respondents expressed willingness to use POC tests for TB, provided the test was available free or at low cost (<US$ 2.00).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Satyanarayana
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, and McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ; Centre for Operations Research, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - K Sagili
- The Union, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - S S Chadha
- The Union, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - M Pai
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, and McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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