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Zhou Q, Ma J, Liu Q, Wu C, Yang Z, Yang T, Chen Q, Yue Y, Shang J. Traditional Chinese Medicine formula, Sanwujiao granule, attenuates ischemic stroke by promoting angiogenesis through early administration. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 321:117418. [PMID: 37979814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most lethal diseases with the insufficient pharmacology therapeutic approach. Sanwujiao granule (SW) is widely used for IS in China with little known about its underlying mechanism. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the characteristics of therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of SW against IS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fingerprint of SW was applied by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Three different drug treatment strategies, including prophylactic administration, early administration and delayed administration, were applied in rats' permanent middle cerebral occlusion (pMCAO) model. The Garcia neurological deficit test, adhesive removal test, rotarod test, TTC and TUNEL staining were performed to evaluate the pathological changes. The transcriptomic analysis was used to predict the potential mechanism of SW. The vascular deficiency model of Tg(kdrl:eGFP) zebrafish larvae and oxygen-glucose deprivation model on bEnd.3 cells were used to verify SW's pharmacological effect. qRT-PCR, immunofluorescent staining and Western Blot were applied to detect the expression of genes and proteins. The network pharmacology approach was applied to discover the potential bioactive compounds in SW that contribute to its pharmacological effect. RESULTS SW early and delayed administration attenuated cerebral infarction, neurological deficit and cell apoptosis. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that SW activated angiogenesis-associated biological processes specifically by early administration. CD31 immunofluorescent staining further confirmed the microvessel intensity in peri-infarct regions was significantly elevated after SW early treatment. Additionally, on the vascular deficiency model of zebrafish larvae, SW showed the angiogenesis effect. Next, the cell migration and tube formation were also observed in the bEnd.3 cells with the oxygen-glucose deprivation induced cell injury. It's worth noting that both mRNA and protein levels of angiogenesis factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, were significantly elevated in the pMCAO rats' brains treated with SW. The network pharmacology approach was applied and chasmanine, karacoline, talatisamine, etc. were probably the main active compounds of SW in IS treatment as they affected the angiogenesis-associated targets. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that SW plays a critical role in anti-IS via promoting angiogenesis through early administration, indicating that SW is a candidate herbal complex for further investigation in treating IS in the clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyang Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Ji Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Qiuyan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Changyue Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Ziwei Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Qimeng Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Yunyun Yue
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Cosmetics, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Ganslmayer M, Zimmermann A, Zopf S, Herold C. Combined inhibitors of angiogenesis and histone deacetylase: efficacy in rat hepatoma. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3623-9. [PMID: 21987609 PMCID: PMC3180019 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i31.3623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the antitumoral effect of combined inhibitors of angiogenesis and histone deacetylases in an experimental rat hepatoma model. METHODS MH7777A hepatoma cells were injected into the liver of male Buffalo rats. After 7 d treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist PTK787/ZK222584 (PTK/ZK), the histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275, tamoxifen (TAM) and/or retinoic acid was initiated (n ≥ 8 animals/group). Natural tumor development was shown in untreated control groups (control 1 with n = 12, control 2 with n = 8). The control groups were initiated at different time points to demonstrate the stability of the hepatoma model. For documentation of possible side effects, we documented any change in body weight, loss of fur and diarrhea. After 21 d treatment, the rats were euthanized. Main target parameters were tumor size and metastasis rate. Additionally, immunohistochemistry for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were performed. RESULTS The control groups developed large tumor nodules with extrahepatic tumor burden in the lung and abdominal organs (control 1: 6.18 cm(3) ± 4.14 cm(3) and control 2: 8.0 cm(3) ± 4.44 cm(3) 28 d after tumor cell injection). The tumor volume did not differ significantly in the control groups (P = 0.13). As single agents MS-275 and PTK/ZK reduced tumor volume by 58.6% ± 2.6% and 48.7% ± 3.2% vs control group 1, which was significant only for MS-275 (P = 0.025). The combination of MS-275 and PTK/ZK induced a nearly complete and highly significant tumor shrinkage by 90.3% ± 1% (P = 0.005). Addition of TAM showed no further efficacy, while quadruple therapy with retinoic acid increased antitumoral efficacy (tumor reduction by 93 ± 1%) and side effects. PCNA positive cells were not significantly reduced by the single agents, while dual therapy (MS-275 and PTK/ZK) and quadruple therapy reduced the PCNA-positive cell fraction significantly by 9.1 and 20.6% vs control 1 (P < 0.05). The number of TUNEL-positive cells, markers for ongoing apoptosis, was increased significantly by the single agents (control 1: 6.9%, PTK/ZK: 11.4%, MS-275: 12.2% with P < 0.05 vs control 1). The fraction of TUNEL-positive cells was upregulated highly significantly by dual therapy (18.4%) and quadruple therapy (24.8%, P < 0.01 vs control 1). For the proliferating (PCNA positive) and apoptotic cell fraction, quadruple therapy was significantly superior to dual therapy (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Combined PTK/ZK and MS-275 were highly effective in this hepatoma model. Quadruple therapy enhanced the effects microscopically, but not macroscopically. These results should be investigated further.
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