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Xu J, Wang C, Wang F, Liu Y, Li M, Wang H, Zheng Y, Zhao K, Ji Z. PWL1, a G-type lectin receptor-like kinase, positively regulates leaf senescence and heat tolerance but negatively regulates resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae in rice. Plant Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2525-2545. [PMID: 37578160 PMCID: PMC10651159 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaf senescence, caused by multiple internal and environmental factors, has an important impact on agricultural production. The lectin receptor-like kinase (LecRLK) family members participate in plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, but their roles in regulating leaf senescence remain elusive. Here, we identify and characterize a rice premature withered leaf 1 (pwl1) mutant, which exhibits premature leaf senescence throughout the plant life cycle. The pwl1 mutant displayed withered and whitish leaf tips, decreased chlorophyll content, and accelerated chloroplast degradation. Map-based cloning revealed an amino acid substitution (Gly412Arg) in LOC_Os03g62180 (PWL1) was responsible for the phenotypes of pwl1. The expression of PWL1 was detected in all tissues, but predominantly in tillering and mature leaves. PWL1 encodes a G-type LecRLK with active kinase and autophosphorylation activities. PWL1 is localized to the plasma membrane and can self-associate, mainly mediated by the plasminogen-apple-nematode (PAN) domain. Substitution of the PAN domain significantly diminished the self-interaction of PWL1. Moreover, the pwl1 mutant showed enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, cell death, and severe DNA fragmentation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that PWL1 was involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes, like carbon metabolism, ribosome, and peroxisome pathways. Meanwhile, interfering of biological processes induced by the PWL1 mutation also enhanced heat sensitivity and resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak with excessive accumulation of ROS and impaired chloroplast development in rice. Natural variation analysis indicated more variations in indica varieties, and the vast majority of japonica varieties harbour the PWL1Hap1 allele. Together, our results suggest that PWL1, a member of LecRLKs, exerts multiple roles in regulating plant growth and development, heat-tolerance, and resistance to bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmin Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chunlian Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fujun Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Rice Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yapei Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Man Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongjie Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuhan Zheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kaijun Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhiyuan Ji
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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Masaki HI, de Villiers S, Qi P, Prado KA, Kaimenyi DK, Tesfaye K, Alemu T, Takan J, Dida M, Ringo J, Mbinda W, Khang CH, Devos KM. Host Specificity Controlled by PWL1 and PWL2 Effector Genes in the Finger Millet Blast Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae in Eastern Africa. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2023; 36:584-591. [PMID: 37245238 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-23-0012-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae, a devastating pathogen of finger millet (Eleusine coracana), secretes effector molecules during infection to manipulate host immunity. This study determined the presence of avirulence effector genes PWL1 and PWL2 in 221 Eleusine blast isolates from eastern Africa. Most Ethiopian isolates carried both PWL1 and PWL2. Kenyan and Ugandan isolates largely lacked both genes, and Tanzanian isolates carried either PWL1 or lacked both. The roles of PWL1 and PWL2 towards pathogenicity on alternative chloridoid hosts, including weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula), were also investigated. PWL1 and PWL2 were cloned from Ethiopian isolate E22 and were transformed separately into Ugandan isolate U34, which lacked both genes. Resulting transformants harboring either gene gained varying degrees of avirulence on Eragrostis curvula but remained virulent on finger millet. Strains carrying one or both PWL1 and PWL2 infected the chloridoid species Sporobolus phyllotrichus and Eleusine tristachya, indicating the absence of cognate resistance (R) genes for PWL1 and PWL2 in these species. Other chloridoid grasses, however, were fully resistant, regardless of the presence of one or both PWL1 and PWL2, suggesting the presence of effective R genes against PWL and other effectors. Partial resistance in some Eragrostis curvula accessions to some blast isolates lacking PWL1 and PWL2 also indicated the presence of other interactions between fungal avirulence (AVR) genes and host resistance (R) genes. Related chloridoid species thus harbor resistance genes that could be useful to improve finger millet for blast resistance. Conversely, loss of AVR genes in the fungus could expand its host range, as demonstrated by the susceptibility of Eragrostis curvula to finger millet blast isolates that had lost PWL1 and PWL2. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosea Isanda Masaki
- Pwani University, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Santie de Villiers
- Pwani University, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kilifi, Kenya
- Pwani University Biosciences Research Centre (PUBReC), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Peng Qi
- University of Georgia, Department of Plant Biology, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
| | - Kathryn A Prado
- University of Georgia, Department of Plant Biology, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
| | - Davies Kiambi Kaimenyi
- Pwani University, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kilifi, Kenya
- Pwani University Biosciences Research Centre (PUBReC), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Kassahun Tesfaye
- Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - John Takan
- National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute Serere, Soroti, Uganda
| | | | - Justin Ringo
- Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute, Illonga, Tanzania
| | - Wilton Mbinda
- Pwani University, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Chang Hyun Khang
- University of Georgia, Department of Plant Biology, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
| | - Katrien M Devos
- University of Georgia, Department of Plant Biology, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
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