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Nazir N, Kevern P. Understanding and Awareness of Dementia in the Pakistani-Origin Community of Stoke-on-Trent, UK: A Scenario-Based Interview Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:251. [PMID: 38275532 PMCID: PMC10815018 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this project was to explore the understanding and awareness of dementia in the Pakistani-origin community in a deprived urban region of the UK. The study was unique in accessing and interviewing Pothwari speakers, some of whom could not read or understand spoken English. Data generated from an earlier study were used to construct five scenarios, which were used as the basis for face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 11 male and female participants from the Pakistani-origin community spanning two generations. Braun and Clarke's six phases of thematic analysis were used to analyse the data to answer the research questions. Themes constructed from these interviews indicated a lack of awareness and understanding of dementia, a range of attitudes and assumptions, reluctance to seek external support, and a significant role for the cultural background in shaping the individuals' responses. The study found that poor understanding, cultural differences, and language issues presented barriers to accessing services in the British Pakistani community, particularly among those who had been born in Pakistan and/or spoke Pothwari in preference to English. Services and information may need to be offered by Pothwari speakers in order to reach this neglected sector of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Nazir
- School of Health, Sciences and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, UK
| | - Peter Kevern
- School of Health, Sciences and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, UK
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Naveed M, Chan MWH, Aslam S, Wang F, Sajjad A, Ullah A, Saleem N, Haider MS, Arija V. Nutritional composition assessment and antimicrobial activity of Catostylus perezi, jellyfish blooms along the coast of Pakistan: an awareness to avoid food neophobia in Pakistan. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37850438 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2269597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
This study highlighted the nutritional importance of Catostylus perezi (an edible jellyfish) in Pakistan; a society where a large proportion of the population suffers from malnutrition, while C. perezi, a blessing of the sea, is wasted or exported. In the present study, the amino acid and fatty acid profiles of the oral arms and umbrella of C. perezi were determined by HPLC. The total amino acid concentration (ΣAA) in the oral arms was 151.19 mg/100g, while in the umbrella it was 100.17 mg/100g. The ratio of total essential amino acids to total non-essential amino acids (TEAA/TNEAA) was 0.72 in the oral arms, while it was 0.70 in the umbrella. Higher amount of ω-3 with lower ratio of ω-6/ω-3 in oral arms (0.52), rather umbrella (ω-6/ω-3 ratio; 0.62). The antimicrobial activity, MIC, MBC, and MFC of the whole body of the edible jellyfish were determined. On the basis of polarity, different solvents were used, e.g. water, methanol, dichloromethane, chloroform, and n-hexane. Among all the extracts, the water extract gave the highest ZOI against C. xerosis (29 mm), while the n-hexane extract gave the lowest ZOI against S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591 (8.20 mm). The water extract of C. perezi had high potential against C. xerosis with the highest AMI and PAI (1.53 and 153, respectively), while the same extract had the highest TAI against E. coli (81.43 mL/g). For fungi/yeast, the methanolic extract had the highest ZOI (29.70 mm) against S. cerevisiae and the lowest MIC/MFC (2.40 µg/mL) against the same pathogen. The n-Hexane extract gave the lowest ZOI (11.10 mm) against P. variotii and the highest MIC/MFC (31.60 µg/mL) against Penicillium sp. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to analyse the disintegrating effect of the extracts (with the highest antimicrobial effect) on the cells of selected Gram-positive, Gram-negative and yeast species. The amino acid and fatty acid profiles and antimicrobial assessment showed that C. perezi has great nutritional importance, so the use of C. perezi as food is highly recommended for the Pakistani community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Malik Wajid Hussain Chan
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadar Aslam
- Department of Zoology, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Pakistan
| | - Fenghuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Anas Sajjad
- Muhammad Institute of Medical and Allied Sciences, Multan, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah
- Food and Marine Resources Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nida Saleem
- Food and Marine Resources Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Samee Haider
- Food and Marine Resources Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Victoria Arija
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Rovira I Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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