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Omondi RO, Fadaka AO, Fatokun AA, Jaganyi D, Ojwach SO. Synthesis, substitution kinetics, DNA/BSA binding and cytotoxicity of tridentate N^E^N (E = NH, O, S) pyrazolyl palladium(II) complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:653-664. [PMID: 36197522 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pincer complexes, [Pd(L1)Cl]BF4 (PdL1), [Pd(L2)Cl]BF4 (PdL2), [Pd(L3)Cl]BF4 (PdL3), [Pd(L4)Cl]BF4 (PdL4) were prepared by reacting the corresponding ligands, 2,6-bis[(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]pyridine (L1), bis[2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl]amine (L2), bis[2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl]ether (L3), and bis[2-(1H-prazol-1-yl)ethyl]sulphide (L4) with [PdCl2(NCMe)]2 in the presence NaBF4. The solid-state structures of complexes PdL1-PdL4 confirmed a tridentate coordination mode, with one chloro ligand completing the coordination sphere to afford square-planar complexes. Chemical behaviour of the complexes in solution confirms their stability in both aqueous and DMSO stock media. The electrochemical properties of the compounds showed irreversible two-electron reduction process. Kinetic reactivity of Pd complexes with the biological nucleophiles viz, thiourea (Tu), L-methionine (L-Met) and guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt (5'-GMP) followed the order: PdL2 < PdL3 < PdL4, and PdL2 < PdL1. The kinetic reactivity is subject to the electronic effects of the spectator ligand(s), and the trend was supported by the DFT computed results. The palladium complexes PdL1-PdL4 bind to calf thymus (CT-DNA) via intercalation mode. In addition, the bovine serum albumin (BSA) showed good binding affinity to the complexes. The mode of quenching mechanism of the intrinsic fluorescence of CT-DNA and BSA by the complexes was found to be static. The order of interactions of the complexes with DNA and BSA was in tandem with the rate of substitution kinetics. The complexes, however, displayed relatively low cytotoxicity (IC50 > 100 µM) when tested against the human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cell line and the transformed human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5 SV2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinner O Omondi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Adewale O Fadaka
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Medical Center, Burnet 3322, Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Amos A Fatokun
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Deogratius Jaganyi
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Mount Kenya University, P.O. Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Stephen O Ojwach
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
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Aktaş A, Yakalı G, Demir Y, Gülçin İ, Aygün M, Gök Y. The palladium-based complexes bearing 1,3-dibenzylbenzimidazolium with morpholine, triphenylphosphine, and pyridine derivate ligands: synthesis, characterization, structure and enzyme inhibitions. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10625. [PMID: 36185151 PMCID: PMC9520214 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The palladium-based complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand have long attracted attention as active catalysts for many catalytic reactions. Recently, the biological activities of these complexes, which are stable to air and moisture, have also been wondered. With the aim, we report the synthesis of a series of (NHC)Pd(Br2)(L) complexes (NHC: 1,3-dibenzylbenzimidazolium, L: morpholine, triphenylphosphine, pyridine, 3-chloropyridine, and 2-aminopyridine). All complexes were characterized by NMR (1H and 13C), FTIR spectroscopic and elemental analysis techniques. In addition, the single crystal structures of the complex 3, 4, and 6 were determined through single crystal x-ray crystallographic method. Furthermore, the carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes (hCAs) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition effects of these palladium-based complexes bearing NHC ligand were investigated. They showed highly potent inhibition effect with Ki values are between 10.06 ± 1.49–68.56 ± 11.53 nM for hCA I isoenzyme, 7.74 ± 0.66 to 49.39 ± 6.50 nM for hCA II isoenzyme and 22.83 ± 3.21 to 64.09 ± 9.05 nM for AChE enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydın Aktaş
- Inonu University, Vocational School of Health Service, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Gül Yakalı
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, 75000, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
- Corresponding author.
| | - Muhittin Aygün
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, 35150, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yetkin Gök
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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Karami K, Jamshidian N, Zakariazadeh M, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Abdollahi E, Amirghofran Z, Shahpiri A, Nasab AK. Experimental and theoretical studies of Palladium-hydrazide complexes' interaction with DNA and BSA, in vitro cytotoxicity activity and plasmid cleavage ability. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 91:107435. [PMID: 33493981 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New palladium complexes with general formula trans-[Pd(L)2(OAc)2] (1,2), (L = Benzhydrazide and 2-Furoic hydrazide) have been synthesized and characterized with various methods including elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1HNMR and mass spectroscopy. Afterward their interactions with bovine serum albumin and calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid have been investigated by UV-vis absorption, fluorescence emission and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Also, site-selective replacement experiments with site probes have been carried out. Analysis of fluorescence spectrum indicated static quenching mechanism. Spectroscopic measurements for DNA binding showed the groove binding to DNA for both complexes. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies of complexes and cis-platin have been done against colon carcinoma (CT26) and breast cancer (4T1) cell lines. Evaluation of complexes (1) and (2) on induction of apoptosis in CT26 cells has been done. Finally, plasmid cleavage ability of (1) and (2) was investigated by gel electrophoresis that indicate the more activity of (1) than (2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Karami
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156/ 83111, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Jamshidian
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156/ 83111, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Zakariazadeh
- Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (RIFS), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Abdollahi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Immunology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Immunology Department and Autoimmune Diseases Research Center. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Azar Shahpiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Akram Kazemi Nasab
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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Joksimović N, Janković N, Petronijević J, Baskić D, Popovic S, Todorović D, Zarić M, Klisurić O, Vraneš M, Tot A, Bugarčić Z. Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation and Synergistic Effects with cisplatin of Novel Palladium Complexes: DNA, BSA Interactions and Molecular Docking Study. Med Chem 2020; 16:78-92. [PMID: 30686264 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190128095732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to discover new agents for chemotherapy with improved properties compared to the existing agents and bearing in mind the fact that some Pd complexes possess better antitumor activity and exhibit less kidney toxicity compared to cisplatin, a series of novel square-planar palladium(II) complexes [Pd (L)2] (3a-f) with O,O bidentate ligands [L = ethyl 2- hydroxy-alkyl(aryl)-4-oxo-2-butenoate] were synthesized. METHODS All complexes were characterized by spectral (UV-Vis, IR, NMR, ESI-MS) and X-ray analysis and examined for their cytotoxic effect on human cancer cell lines HeLa and MDA-MB 231 and normal fibroblasts (MRC-5). Fluorescence spectroscopic method was used for investigations of the interactions between CT-DNA or bovine serum albumin (BSA) and complex 3c. Viscosity measurements and molecular docking study were performed to confirm the mode of interactions between DNA and BSA and complex 3c. RESULTS Complexes that showed the best results, 3c, 3d, and 3e, were placed under further investigations. Selected complexes induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HeLa and MDA-MB 231 cells. Low concentrations of 3c and 3e showed strong to moderate synergism with low concentrations of cisplatin. The interaction of 3d with cisplatin was antagonistic in all used concentrations, but low IC50 value indicates its usefulness as a single cytotoxic agent. It was also noted that the change of viscosity is more pronounced in DNA solution after addition of complex 3c. CONCLUSION Obtained results indicate that the novel palladium(II) complexes have the potential to become candidates for treatment in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Joksimović
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Janković
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Petronijević
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dejan Baskić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Suzana Popovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Todorović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Zarić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Olivera Klisurić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Vraneš
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Tot
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bugarčić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Veena RK, Ajith TA, Janardhanan KK, Antonawich F. Poly-MVA attenuates 7,12- dimethylbenz[a]anthracene initiated and croton oil promoted skin papilloma formation on mice skin. J Exp Ther Oncol 2017; 11:125-132. [PMID: 28976135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemopreventive agents which exhibit activities such as anti-inflammation, inhibition of carcinogen induced mutagenesis and scavenging of free radical might play a decisive role in the inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis either at the initiation or promotion stage. Many synthesized palladium (Pd) complexes tested experimentally for antitumor activity are found effective. Poly-MVA is a liquid blend preparation containing B complex vitamins, ruthenium with Pd complexed with alpha lipoic acid as the major ingredients. The antitumor effect of Poly-MVA was evaluated against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene-initiated croton oil-promoted papilloma formation on mice skin. Skin tumor was initiated with a single application of 390 nmol of DMBA in 20 µl acetone. The effect of Poly-MVA against croton oil- induced inflammation and lipid peroxidation on the mice skin was also evaluated. Topical application of Poly-MVA (100 µl, twice weekly for 18 weeks) 30 minutes prior to each croton oil application, significantly decreased the tumor incidence (11%) and the average number of tumor per animals. Application of Poly-MVA (100 µl) before croton oil significantly (p &#60; 0.05) protected the mouse skin from inflammation (36%) and lipid peroxidation (14%) when compared to the croton oil alone treated group. Experimental results indicate that Poly-MVA attenuate the tumor promoting effects of croton oil and the effect may probably be due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francis Antonawich
- Department of Biology, St. Joseph's College, Patchogue, New York, USA
- Garnett McKeen Laboratory, Inc., Bohemia, New York, USA
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Amatori S, Ambrosi G, Errico Provenzano A, Fanelli M, Formica M, Fusi V, Giorgi L, Macedi E, Micheloni M, Paoli P, Rossi P. Pd II and Pt II complexes with a thio-aza macrocycle ligand containing an intercalating fragment: Structural and antitumor activity studies. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 162:154-161. [PMID: 27389827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new PtII and PdII complexes of formula [LMCl2] (M=Pt, Pd) were synthesized and characterized both in solution and solid state. They were obtained using the thio-aza macrocycle 9,18-dimethyl-12,17dithia-9,18,27,28-tetraaaza-29-oxatetracyclo[24.2.1.02,7.020,25]enneicosa-2,4,6,20,22,24,26,281-octaene (L) containing the 2,5-diphenyl [1, 3, 4]oxadiazole as intercalating fragment. MII is coordinated in cis-position by the two S atoms of L. The two crystal structures of [LPtCl2] and [LPdCl2] complexes showed that the MII ion is located outside the macrocyclic cavity. The square planar coordination sphere is fulfilled by two chloride anions in a cisplatin-like arrangement with the chloride leaving groups exposed to the environment. The biological activity of both [LPtCl2] and [LPdCl2], monitored towards a leukemic cellular model (U937), is coherent with their ability to interfere, at different levels, with the DNA structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Amatori
- University of Urbino, Molecular Pathology Lab. "PaoLa", Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Arco d'Augusto 2, I-61032 Fano, (PU), Italy
| | - Gianluca Ambrosi
- University of Urbino, Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Via della Stazione 4, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alfredo Errico Provenzano
- University of Urbino, Molecular Pathology Lab. "PaoLa", Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Arco d'Augusto 2, I-61032 Fano, (PU), Italy
| | - Mirco Fanelli
- University of Urbino, Molecular Pathology Lab. "PaoLa", Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Arco d'Augusto 2, I-61032 Fano, (PU), Italy.
| | - Mauro Formica
- University of Urbino, Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Via della Stazione 4, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Vieri Fusi
- University of Urbino, Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Via della Stazione 4, I-61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Luca Giorgi
- University of Urbino, Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Via della Stazione 4, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Macedi
- University of Firenze, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via S. Marta 3, I-50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Mauro Micheloni
- University of Urbino, Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Via della Stazione 4, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Paola Paoli
- University of Firenze, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via S. Marta 3, I-50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rossi
- University of Firenze, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via S. Marta 3, I-50139 Firenze, Italy
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Maurya MR, Uprety B, Avecilla F, Tariq S, Azam A. Palladium(II) complexes of OS donor N-(di(butyl/phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide and their antiamoebic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 98:54-60. [PMID: 26005916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two promising palladium(II) compounds of general formula, cis-[Pd(L-O,S)2] [where HL-O,S = N-(di(butyl/phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide] as metal based antiamoebic drug candidates, have been synthesized. Both complexes are characterized in the solid state by FT-IR spectroscopy, TGA and single crystal X-ray study, as well as in solution by other spectroscopic techniques such as (1)H and (13)C NMR, and UV-visible. All these studies confirm the coordination of ligands through oxygen and sulphur atoms upon thioenolization induced delocalization. Complexes adopt cis-configuration in the solid state. Both the complexes and their respective ligands were screened in vitro for antiamoebic activity against HM1:1MSS strain of Entamoeba histolytica by microdilution method and cell viability in response to drugs was checked by using MTT assay. The IC50 values in the range 0.30-0.80 μM for ligands as well as complexes compared to 1.40 for metronidazole along with their similar inhibitory effect on cell viability of HEK293 cells like metronidazole make them promising future antiamoebic drugs.
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