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Gao Y, Packeiser EM, Wendt S, Sekora A, Cavalleri JMV, Pratscher B, Alammar M, Hühns M, Brenig B, Junghanss C, Nolte I, Murua Escobar H. Cross-Species Comparison of the Pan-RAF Inhibitor LY3009120's Anti-Tumor Effects in Equine, Canine, and Human Malignant Melanoma Cell Lines. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:202. [PMID: 38397192 PMCID: PMC10887541 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanomas (MMs) are the abnormal proliferation of melanocytes and are one of the lethal skin cancers in humans, equines, and canines. Accordingly, MMs in companion animals can serve as naturally occurring animal models, completing conventional cancer models. The common constitutive activation of the MAPK and PI3K pathways in MMs has been described in all three species. Targeting the related pathways is considered a potential option in comparative oncologic approaches. Herein, we present a cross-species comparative analysis exposing a set of ten melanoma cell lines (one human, three equine, and six canine) derived from primary tumors or metastasis to a pan-RAF and RAF dimer inhibitor (LY3009120). Cellular response (proliferation, biomass, metabolism, early and late apoptosis/necrosis, and morphology) and the presence of pathogenic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) within the mutational hotspot genes BRAF exon 11 and 15, NRAS exon 2 and 3, KRAS exon 2, and KIT exon 11 were analyzed. This study showed that equine malignant melanoma (EMM) cells (MelDuWi) harbor the KRAS p.Q61H mutation, while canine malignant melanoma (CMM) cells (cRGO1 and cRGO1.2) carry NRAS p.G13R. Except for EMM metastasis cells eRGO6 (wild type of the above-mentioned hotspot genes), all melanoma cell lines exhibited a decrease in dose dependence after 48 and 72 h of exposure to LY3009120, independent of the mutation hotspot landscape. Furthermore, LY3009120 caused significant early apoptosis and late apoptosis/necrosis in all melanoma cell lines except for eRGO6. The anti-tumor effects of LY3009120 were observed in nine melanoma cell lines, indicating the potential feasibility of experimental trials with LY3009120. The present study reveals that the irradiation-resistant canine metastasis cells (cRGO1.2) harboring the NRAS p.G13R mutation are significantly LY3009120-sensitive, while the equine metastases-derived eRGO6 cells show significant resistance to LY3009120, which make them both valuable tools for studying resistance mechanisms in comparative oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Packeiser
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophia Wendt
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anett Sekora
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jessika-Maximiliane V. Cavalleri
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Pratscher
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Clinical Unit of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Moosheer Alammar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Maja Hühns
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine of Rostock, Strempelstrasse, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Molecular Biology of Livestock and Molecular Diagnostics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Rasco DW, Medina T, Corrie P, Pavlick AC, Middleton MR, Lorigan P, Hebert C, Plummer R, Larkin J, Agarwala SS, Daud AI, Qiu J, Bozon V, Kneissl M, Barry E, Olszanski AJ. Phase 1 study of the pan-RAF inhibitor tovorafenib in patients with advanced solid tumors followed by dose expansion in patients with metastatic melanoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 92:15-28. [PMID: 37219686 PMCID: PMC10261210 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genomic alterations of BRAF and NRAS are oncogenic drivers in malignant melanoma and other solid tumors. Tovorafenib is an investigational, oral, selective, CNS-penetrant, small molecule, type II pan‑RAF inhibitor. This first-in-human phase 1 study explored the safety and antitumor activity of tovorafenib. METHODS This two-part study in adult patients with relapsed or refractory advanced solid tumors included a dose escalation phase and a dose expansion phase including molecularly defined cohorts of patients with melanoma. Primary objectives were to evaluate the safety of tovorafenib administered once every other day (Q2D) or once weekly (QW), and to determine the maximum-tolerated and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) on these schedules. Secondary objectives included evaluation of antitumor activity and tovorafenib pharmacokinetics. RESULTS Tovorafenib was administered to 149 patients (Q2D n = 110, QW n = 39). The RP2D of tovorafenib was defined as 200 mg Q2D or 600 mg QW. In the dose expansion phase, 58 (73%) of 80 patients in Q2D cohorts and 9 (47%) of 19 in the QW cohort had grade ≥ 3 adverse events. The most common of these overall were anemia (14 patients, 14%) and maculo-papular rash (8 patients, 8%). Responses were seen in 10 (15%) of 68 evaluable patients in the Q2D expansion phase, including in 8 of 16 (50%) patients with BRAF mutation-positive melanoma naïve to RAF and MEK inhibitors. In the QW dose expansion phase, there were no responses in 17 evaluable patients with NRAS mutation-positive melanoma naïve to RAF and MEK inhibitors; 9 patients (53%) had a best response of stable disease. QW dose administration was associated with minimal accumulation of tovorafenib in systemic circulation in the dose range of 400-800 mg. CONCLUSIONS The safety profile of both schedules was acceptable, with QW dosing at the RP2D of 600 mg QW preferred for future clinical studies. Antitumor activity of tovorafenib in BRAF-mutated melanoma was promising and justifies continued clinical development across multiple settings. CLINICALTRIALS GOV IDENTIFIER NCT01425008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew W Rasco
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Pippa Corrie
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna C Pavlick
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Middleton
- Department of Oncology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Lorigan
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Hebert
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth Plummer
- The Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Adil I Daud
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiaheng Qiu
- Day One Biopharmaceuticals, 2000 Sierra Point Parkway, Suite 501, Brisbane, CA, 94005, USA
| | - Viviana Bozon
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Kneissl
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elly Barry
- Day One Biopharmaceuticals, 2000 Sierra Point Parkway, Suite 501, Brisbane, CA, 94005, USA.
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Suzuki R, Kitamura Y, Ogiya D, Ogawa Y, Kawada H, Ando K. Anti-tumor activity of the pan-RAF inhibitor TAK-580 in combination with KPT-330 (selinexor) in multiple myeloma. Int J Hematol 2021; 115:233-243. [PMID: 34741230 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway inhibitors exhibit significant anti-tumor effects against various tumor types, including multiple myeloma (MM), and they are predicted to play a pivotal role in precision medicine. The XPO1 inhibitor KPT-330 has also exhibited promising efficacy in combination with other novel drugs in treating relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM). In this study, we explored the anti-tumor effects of a combination of the pan-RAF inhibitor TAK-580 and KPT-330. Importantly, TAK-580 enhanced KPT-330-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma cells from RRMM patients. Moreover, TAK-580 and KPT-330 synergistically inhibited nuclear phospho-FOXO3a and enhanced cytoplasmic phospho-FOXO3a in MM cells, leading to cytoplasmic enhanced Bim expression and finally apoptosis. This indicates that TAK-580 enhances KPT-330-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis primarily via the FOXO3a-Bim axis. In addition, TAK-580 enhanced the cytotoxicity of KPT-330 against MM cells even in the presence of IGF-1. Taken together, our results demonstrate that a combination of pan-RAF inhibitor and XPO1 inhibitor is a potential therapeutic option in treating MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikio Suzuki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Yuka Kitamura
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogiya
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ogawa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawada
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Park S, Kim TM, Cho SY, Kim S, Oh Y, Kim M, Keam B, Kim DW, Heo DS. Combined blockade of polo-like kinase and pan-RAF is effective against NRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 495:135-144. [PMID: 32979462 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
NRAS mutation is rarely observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and there are no approved treatments for NRAS-mutant NSCLC. Here, we evaluated the effect of pan-RAF inhibitors on human NRAS-mutant NSCLC cell lines and performed high-throughput screening using human kinome small interfering (si)RNA or CRISPR/Cas9 libraries to identify new targets for combination NSCLC treatment. Our results indicate that human NRAS-mutant NSCLC cells are moderately sensitive to pan-RAF inhibitors. High-throughput kinome screenings further showed that G2/M arrest, particularly following knockdown of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), can inhibit the growth of human NRAS-mutant NSCLC cells and those treated with the type II pan-RAF inhibitor LXH254. In addition, treatment with volasertib plus LXH254, resulting in dual blockade of PLK1 and pan-RAF, was found to be more effective than LXH254 monotherapy for inhibiting long-term cell viability, suggesting that this combination therapeutic strategy may lead to promising results in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Park
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, South Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Yup Cho
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, South Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yumi Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea
| | - Dae Seog Heo
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea
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