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Basnet P, Butchacas J, Witherell R, Ebeling-Koning L, Tauscheck DA, Hudelson B, Jacobs JM, Ellison S. First Report of Bacterial Blight of Pennycress Caused by Xanthomonas campestris in Wisconsin. Plant Dis 2024. [PMID: 38389385 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-23-2420-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In May 2023, pennycress (Thlaspi arvense, L.) lines undergoing seed production in the Walnut Street Greenhouse at the University of Wisconsin-Madison displayed symptoms of chlorosis and black necrotic leaf spots (Fig. S1-A). Lesions eventually enlarged to 1-2 cm in diameter, became necrotic, and coalesced to cover a substantial portion of leaves. Symptoms were observed in ~30% of the pennycress lines adversely affecting overall growth and reproduction. Symptomatic leaves were surface sterilized for 30 seconds in 0.75% sodium hypochlorite, rinsed in sterile deionized water, and bacteria were isolated using three-phase streaking of symptomatic tissue onto KB medium (King et al., 1954). Single colonies of three isolates (creamy white to yellow) from this initial isolation were streaked onto KB medium to obtain pure cultures. Individual colonies were transferred for growth overnight in nutrient broth (Difco) and an equal amount of the broth was added to 30% glycerol in deionized (di) water and stored at -80 °C. To validate Koch's Postulates, bacteria were grown from these stocks on Yeast Dextrose Calcium Carbonate medium (Wilson et al., 1967) and were used to inoculate 5-week-old pennycress plants in the greenhouse. The bacteria were grown for 48 hours at 26°C, suspended in 300 ml of 0.05 M PBS buffer (pH=7.2) for inoculum preparation. Plants were inoculated with three bacterial isolates (approx. 108 CFU/ml) by piercing the mid veins or hydathodes with a sterilized toothpick dipped in the suspension. Inoculated plants were then enclosed in clear plastic bags for 24-48 hours and maintained in the greenhouse at a constant temperature of 26°C with a 16-hour photoperiod. After seven days, water-soaked lesions appeared on the inoculated leaves, eventually developing into the characteristic black spots (Fig. S1-B). DNA from the original isolates was extracted, and 16S PCR and sequencing of the positive bands was done. The negative control only produced brown spots at the site of inoculation (Fig. S1-C). The primer sequences were as follows: 27F: AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG; 1492R: GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT (Eden et al., 1991; Weisburg et al., 1991). A BLAST analysis showed that the isolates had an E value of 0.0 to the genus Xanthomonas as well as 100% identity. Amplification and sequencing of the bacterium using gyrB amplicons revealed a 99-100% pairwise match with Xc. To enhance taxonomy resolution and confirm the identity of these isolates, the complete genomes of three samples were sequenced using NextSeq2000 Illumina platform (NCBI bioproject ID PRJNA1040293). Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) analysis was conducted with representative strains from the Xc species (Dubrow et al., 2022), using PanExplorer (Dereeper et al., 2020) featuring integrated FastANI module (Jain et al., 2018). The isolates genomes exhibited over 98% identity and clustered with that of Xc pv. incanae and Xc pv. barbarae (Fig S2). Further work will be required to identify the pathovar of Xc identified in this study through phenotypic host range assay. This marks the first documented case of Xc in pennycress in the Midwestern US. Given the potential use of pennycress as a cover crop in the region, further investigations are warranted to assess its economic impact on production and develop management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Basnet
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5228, Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin, United States;
| | - Jules Butchacas
- The Ohio State University, 2647, Department of Plant Pathology , Columbus, Ohio, United States;
| | - Robert Witherell
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5228, Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin, United States;
| | - Lillian Ebeling-Koning
- The Ohio State University, 2647, Department of Plant Pathology , Columbus, Ohio, United States;
| | - Dante A Tauscheck
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5228, Department of Plant Pathology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States;
| | - Brian Hudelson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5228, Department of Plant Pathology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States;
| | - Jonathan Michael Jacobs
- The Ohio State University, 2647, Department of Plant Pathology , Columbus, Ohio, United States;
| | - Shelby Ellison
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5228, Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences , Madison, Wisconsin, United States;
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Li X, Yell V, Li X. Two Arabidopsis promoters drive seed-coat specific gene expression in pennycress and camelina. Plant Methods 2023; 19:140. [PMID: 38053155 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pennycress and camelina are two important novel biofuel oilseed crop species. Their seeds contain high content of oil that can be easily converted into biodiesel or jet fuel, while the left-over materials are usually made into press cake meals for feeding livestock. Therefore, the ability to manipulate the seed coat encapsulating the oil- and protein-rich embryos is critical for improving seed oil production and press cake quality. RESULTS Here, we tested the promoter activity of two Arabidopsis seed coat genes, AtTT10 and AtDP1, in pennycress and camelina by using eGFP and GUS reporters. Overall, both promoters show high levels of activities in the seed coat in these two biofuel crops, with very low or no expression in other tissues. Importantly, AtTT10 promoter activity in camelina shows differences from that in Arabidopsis, which highlights that the behavior of an exogenous promoter in closely related species cannot be assumed the same and still requires experimental determination. CONCLUSION Our work demonstrates that AtTT10 and AtDP1 promoters are suitable for driving gene expression in the outer integument of the seed coat in pennycress and camelina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Victoria Yell
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
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Thomas JB, Hampton ME, Dorn KM, David Marks M, Carter CJ. The pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) nectary: structural and transcriptomic characterization. BMC Plant Biol 2017; 17:201. [PMID: 29137608 PMCID: PMC5686818 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pennycress [Thlaspi arvense L (Brassicaceae)] is being domesticated as a renewable biodiesel feedstock that also provides crucial ecosystems services, including as a nutritional resource for pollinators. However, its flowers produce significantly less nectar than other crop relatives in the Brassicaceae. This study was undertaken to understand the basic biology of the pennycress nectary as an initial step toward the possibility of enhancing nectar output from its flowers. RESULTS Pennycress flowers contain four equivalent nectaries located extrastaminally at the base of the insertion sites of short and long stamens. Like other Brassicaceae, the nectaries have open stomates on their surface, which likely serve as the sites of nectar secretion. The nectaries produce four distinct nectar droplets that accumulate in concave structures at the base of each of the four petals. To understand the molecular biology of the pennycress nectary, RNA was isolated from 'immature' (pre-secretory) and 'mature' (secretory) nectaries and subjected to RNA-seq. Approximately 184 M paired-end reads (368 M total reads) were de novo assembled into a total of 16,074 independent contigs, which mapped to 12,335 unique genes in the pennycress genome. Nearly 3700 genes were found to be differentially expressed between immature and mature nectaries and subjected to gene ontology and metabolic pathway analyses. Lastly, in silico analyses identified 158 pennycress orthologs to Arabidopsis genes with known enriched expression in nectaries. These nectary-enriched expression patterns were verified for select pennycress loci by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Pennycress nectaries are unique relative to those of other agriculturally important Brassicaceae, as they contain four equivalent nectaries that present their nectar in specialized cup-shaped structures at the base of the petals. In spite of these morphological differences, the genes underlying the regulation and production of nectar appear to be largely conserved between pennycress and Arabidopsis thaliana. These results provide a starting point for using forward and reverse genetics approaches to enhance nectar synthesis and secretion in pennycress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B. Thomas
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Marshall E. Hampton
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - Kevin M. Dorn
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506 USA
| | - M. David Marks
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Clay J. Carter
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
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Sedbrook JC, Phippen WB, Marks MD. New approaches to facilitate rapid domestication of a wild plant to an oilseed crop: example pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.). Plant Sci 2014; 227:122-32. [PMID: 25219314 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed crops are sources of oils and seed meal having a multitude of uses. While the domestication of soybean and rapeseed took extended periods of time, new genome-based techniques have ushered in an era where crop domestication can occur rapidly. One attractive target for rapid domestication is the winter annual plant Field Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.; pennycress; Brassicaceae). Pennycress grows widespread throughout temperate regions of the world and could serve as a winter oilseed-producing cover crop. If grown throughout the USA Midwest Corn Belt, for example, pennycress could produce as much as 840L/ha oils and 1470kg/ha press-cake annually on 16 million hectares of farmland currently left fallow during the fall through spring months. However, wild pennycress strains have inconsistent germination and stand establishment, un-optimized maturity for a given growth zone, suboptimal oils and meal quality for biofuels and food production, and significant harvest loss due to pod shatter. In this review, we describe the virtues and current shortcomings of pennycress and discuss how knowledge from studying Arabidopsis thaliana and other Brassicas, in combination with the advent of affordable next generation sequencing, can bring about the rapid domestication and improvement of pennycress and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Sedbrook
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Campus Box 4120, Normal, IL 61790 USA.
| | - Winthrop B Phippen
- School of Agriculture, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, IL 61455, USA
| | - M David Marks
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 1445 Gortner Avenue, 250 Biological Sciences Center, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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