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Moural TW, Koirala B K S, Bhattarai G, He Z, Guo H, Phan NT, Rajotte EG, Biddinger DJ, Hoover K, Zhu F. Architecture and potential roles of a delta-class glutathione S-transferase in protecting honey bee from agrochemicals. Chemosphere 2024; 350:141089. [PMID: 38163465 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The European honey bee, Apis mellifera, serves as the principle managed pollinator species globally. In recent decades, honey bee populations have been facing serious health threats from combined biotic and abiotic stressors, including diseases, limited nutrition, and agrochemical exposure. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying xenobiotic adaptation of A. mellifera is critical, considering its extensive exposure to phytochemicals and agrochemicals present in the environment. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive structural and functional characterization of AmGSTD1, a delta class glutathione S-transferase (GST), to unravel its roles in agrochemical detoxification and antioxidative stress responses. We determined the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of a honey bee GST using protein crystallography for the first time, providing new insights into its molecular structure. Our investigations revealed that AmGSTD1 metabolizes model substrates, including 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNA), phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), propyl isothiocyanate (PITC), and the oxidation byproduct 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Moreover, we discovered that AmGSTD1 exhibits binding affinity with the fluorophore 8-Anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS), which can be inhibited with various herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, and their metabolites. These findings highlight the potential contribution of AmGSTD1 in safeguarding honey bee health against various agrochemicals, while also mitigating oxidative stress resulting from exposure to these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Moural
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Sonu Koirala B K
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Gaurab Bhattarai
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Ziming He
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Haoyang Guo
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Ngoc T Phan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, AR 72701, USA; Research Center for Tropical Bees and Beekeeping, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Edwin G Rajotte
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - David J Biddinger
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Penn State Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA 17307, USA.
| | - Kelli Hoover
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Walia H, Sharma P, Singh N, Sharma S. Predictive role of polymorphic variants of phase II drug metabolising enzyme in modulating toxicity in North Indian lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:322-331. [PMID: 35445643 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2069527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism of drug-metabolizing enzymes such as NQO1, SULT1A1, EPHX1, and NAT2 alters its activity which hampers the detoxification and disposal of chemotherapeutic compounds. Thus, in the present study, we have comprehensively investigated the associations between SNPs of the Phase II detoxifying genes and its relationship towards platinum-induced toxicity of lung cancer patients.A total of 273 samples were enrolled in this study and polymorphisms of gene NQO1 (609C > T), SULT1A1 (Arg213 His), EPHX1 (Tyr113His, His139Arg), and NAT2 (481C > T, 803A > G, 590 G > A, 857 G > A) were evaluated in our study for their associated adverse events caused due to the administration of platinum-based chemotherapy to the lung cancer patients.For NQO1 609C > T polymorphism, the TT genotype showed reduced risk of constipation (OR =0.10, p=0.04) and anorexia (OR =0.15, p=0.03). For SULT1A1 Arg213His, heterozygous genotype (Arg/His) (AOR =0.38, p=0.006) and combined genotype (Arg/His + His/His) were not associated with increased risk of nephrotoxicity (AOR =0.38, p= 0.004). For NAT2, heterozygous (NAT2*4/*6) and combined genotypes (NAT2*4/*4 + *4/*6) for NAT2*6 polymorphism exhibit 2.4 folds (p=0.005), and two-folds (p=0.01) increased risk of hematological toxicity. The heterozygous (AOR =0.45, p=0.004) and variant genotype (AOR =0.39, p=0.02) for NAT2*5C had decreased risk for hematological toxicity. The heterozygous genotype for NAT2*7 polymorphism showed two-fold increased risk for developing thrombocytopenia.This study provides association of NAT2 polymorphic variants in predicting haematological toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Walia
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Parul Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Navneet Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
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Ge J, Huang Y, Lv M, Zhang C, Talukder M, Li J, Li J. Cadmium induced Fak -mediated anoikis activation in kidney via nuclear receptors (AHR/CAR/PXR)-mediated xenobiotic detoxification pathway. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111682. [PMID: 34902763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal of considerable toxicity, possessing a serious environmental problem that threatening food safety and human health. However, the underlying mechanisms of Cd-induced nephrotoxicity and detoxification response remain largely unclear. Cd was administered at doses of 35, 70, and 140 mg/kg diet with feed for 90 days and produced potential damage to chickens' kidneys. The results showed that Cd exposure induced renal anatomical and histopathological injuries. Cd exposure up-regulated cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s), activated nuclear xenobiotic receptors (NXRs) response, including aryl hydro-carbon receptor (AHR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and pregnane X receptor (PXR) by low and moderate doses of Cd, and induced an increase in CYP isoforms expression. Cd exposure down-regulated phase II detoxification enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities, and glutathione (GSH) content), and GST isoforms transcription . Furthermore, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, multidrug resistance protein (MRP1), and P-glycoprotein (P-GP) levels were elevated by low dose, but high dose inhibited the P-GP expression. Activation of detoxification enzymes lost their ability of resistance as increasing dose of Cd, afterwards brought into severe renal injury. Additionally, Cd suppressed focal adhesion kinase (Fak) and integrins protein expression as well as activated extrinsic pathway and intrinsic pathways, thereby producing anoikis. In conclusion, these results indicated that Cd induced Fak-mediated anoikis activation in the kidney via nuclear receptors (AHR/CAR/PXR)-mediated xenobiotic detoxification pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - MeiWei Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Milton Talukder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, 8210, Bangladesh
| | - JinYang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - JinLong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Silva-Adaya D, Garza-Lombó C, Gonsebatt ME. Xenobiotic transport and metabolism in the human brain. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:125-138. [PMID: 34371026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Organisms have metabolic pathways responsible for eliminating endogenous and exogenous toxicants. Generally, we associate the liver par excellence as the organ in charge of detoxifying the body; however, this process occurs in all tissues, including the brain. Due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), the Central Nervous System (CNS) is considered a partially isolated organ, but similar to other organs, the CNS possess xenobiotic transporters and metabolic pathways associated with the elimination of xenobiotic agents. In this review, we describe the different systems related to the detoxification of xenobiotics in the CNS, providing examples in which their association with neurodegenerative processes is suspected. The CNS detoxifying systems include carrier-mediated, active efflux and receptor-mediated transport, and detoxifying systems that include phase I and phase II enzymes, as well as those enzymes in charge of neutralizing compounds such as electrophilic agents, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and free radicals, which are products of the bioactivation of xenobiotics. Moreover, we discuss the differential expression of these systems in different regions of the CNS, showing the different detoxifying needs and the composition of each region in terms of the cell type, neurotransmitter content, and the accumulation of xenobiotics and/or reactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Silva-Adaya
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico, 14269, Mexico
| | - Carla Garza-Lombó
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15th Street, NB, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - María E Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
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Al-Eitan LN, Rababa'h DM, Hakooz NM, Alghamdi MA, Dajani RB. Analysis of Comprehensive Pharmacogenomic Profiling of VIP Variants Among the Genetically Isolated Chechen Subpopulation from Jordan. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2020; 13:199-215. [PMID: 32765042 PMCID: PMC7368587 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s254677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Profiling rare variants in isolated populations can significantly clarify and understand the development of a clinically relevant process. Therefore, leading to a better identifying novel targeted treatment. Objective This study aimed to determine the allele frequencies of 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within several important pharmacogenes. Methods This study consisted of 166 unrelated subjects from a genetically isolated group (Chechen) who were living in Jordan. In this study, the distribution of the variants among Chechen was compared to other ethnic groups available at two databases (Genome 1000 and (ExAC)). The frequency of genotypes and alleles was calculated and tested using the chi-square test and the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium equation (HWE). Results Our results revealed that the distribution of allele frequencies within different pharmacogenes among Chechen showed different similarities with other populations. The CEU and TSI showed the highest resemblance with the Chechen population (75% similarity), in contrast to LWK which had the lowest similarity (30%). Conclusion This study sheds light on clinically relevant SNPs to enhance medical research and apply pharmacogenomics in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith N Al-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Doaa M Rababa'h
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nancy M Hakooz
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mansour A Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana B Dajani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.,Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Jepson School of Leadership, Richmond University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Kim JK, Strapazzon N, Gallaher CM, Stoll DR, Thomas W, Gallaher DD, Trudo SP. Comparison of short- and long-term exposure effects of cruciferous and apiaceous vegetables on carcinogen metabolizing enzymes in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:194-202. [PMID: 28764905 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cruciferous and apiaceous vegetables may be chemopreventive due to their ability to modulate carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes but whether the effects on such enzymes are sustained over time is unknown. To examine the short- and long-term effects of the vegetables, rats were fed one of four diets for 7, 30, or 60 d: AIN-93G, CRU (21% cruciferous vegetables-fresh broccoli, green cabbage, watercress), API (9% apiaceous vegetables - fresh parsnips, celery), or API + CRU (10.5% CRU + 4.5% API). Although CRU increased activity and protein expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and CYP1A2 after 7 d, only activity was sustained after 30 and 60 d. There was a trend towards an interaction between the length of feeding period and CRU for CYP1A1 activity; activity increased with greater time of feeding. API increased CYP1A2 activity but decreased sulfotransferase 1A1 activity after 7 d, although not at later times. Altogether, increased CYP1A activity by CRU was maintained with long term feeding while protein amount decreased, suggesting influence by mechanisms other than, or in addition to, transcriptional regulation. Thus, response patterns and interactions with length of feeding may differ, depending upon the types of vegetables and enzymes, requiring caution when interpreting the results of short-term feeding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyeom Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Noemia Strapazzon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Cynthia M Gallaher
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Dwight R Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, MN 56082, USA
| | - William Thomas
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel D Gallaher
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sabrina P Trudo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Ano S, Panariti A, Allard B, O'Sullivan M, McGovern TK, Hamamoto Y, Ishii Y, Yamamoto M, Powell WS, Martin JG. Inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness after chlorine exposure are prolonged by Nrf2 deficiency in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:1-15. [PMID: 27847240 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chlorine gas (Cl2) is a potent oxidant and trigger of irritant induced asthma. We explored NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent mechanisms in the asthmatic response to Cl2, using Nrf2-deficient mice, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and sulforaphane (SFN), a phytochemical regulator of Nrf2. METHODS Airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were assessed 24 and 48h after a 5-min nose-only exposure to 100ppm Cl2 of Nrf2-deficient and wild type Balb/C mice treated with BSO or SFN. Animals were anesthetized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated (FlexiVent™) and challenged with aerosolized methacholine. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and lung tissues were harvested for assessment of gene expression. RESULTS Cl2 exposure induced a robust AHR and an intense neutrophilic inflammation that, although similar in Nrf2-deficient mice and wild-type mice at 24h after Cl2 exposure, were significantly greater at 48h post exposure in Nrf2-deficient mice. Lung GSH and mRNA for Nrf2-dependent phase II enzymes (NQO-1 and GPX2) were significantly lower in Nrf2-deficient than wild-type mice after Cl2 exposure. BSO reduced GSH levels and promoted Cl2-induced airway inflammation in wild-type mice, but not in Nrf2-deficient mice, whereas SFN suppressed Cl2-induced airway inflammation in wild-type but not in Nrf2-deficient mice. AHR was not affected by either BSO or SFN at 48h post Cl2 exposure. CONCLUSIONS Nrf2-dependent phase II enzymes play a role in the resolution of airway inflammation and AHR after Cl2 exposure. Moderate deficiency of GSH affects the magnitude of acute inflammation but not AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ano
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alice Panariti
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit Allard
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Toby K McGovern
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yoichiro Hamamoto
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yukio Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Abstract
The primary aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on the effects of acute exercise and regular exercise on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity and downstream targets of Nrf2 signaling. Nrf2 (encoded in humans by the NFE2L2 gene) is the master regulator of antioxidant defenses, a transcription factor that regulates expression of more than 200 cytoprotective genes. Increasing evidence indicates that Nrf2 signaling plays a key role in how oxidative stress mediates the beneficial effects of exercise. Episodic increases in oxidative stress induced through bouts of acute exercise stimulate Nrf2 activation and when applied repeatedly, as with regular exercise, leads to upregulation of endogenous antioxidant defenses and overall greater ability to counteract the damaging effects of oxidative stress. The evidence of Nrf2 activation in response to exercise across variety of tissues may be an important mechanism of how exercise exerts its well-known systemic effects that are not limited to skeletal muscle and myocardium. Additionally there are emerging data that results from animal studies translate to humans.
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Chen Y, Xiao J, Zhang X, Bian X. MicroRNAs as key mediators of hepatic detoxification. Toxicology 2016; 368-369:80-90. [PMID: 27501766 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short noncoding RNAs that modulate gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Many studies have extensively revealed the significance of miRNAs in mediating liver development and diseases. However, their role in hepatic detoxification processes has been explored only recently. In this review, we summarized the up-to-date knowledge about miRNA dependent regulation of enzymes involved in all three phases of the drugs and xenobiotics detoxification process. We also discussed the role of miRNA in regulating some upstream nuclear receptors involving gene expression of enzymes for detoxification process in liver. The toxicological significance of miRNAs in liver diseases and future research perspectives are finally presented.
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Divya T, Dineshbabu V, Soumyakrishnan S, Sureshkumar A, Sudhandiran G. Celastrol enhances Nrf2 mediated antioxidant enzymes and exhibits anti-fibrotic effect through regulation of collagen production against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 246:52-62. [PMID: 26768587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components in the alveolar region which distorts the normal lung architecture and impairs the respiratory function. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effect of celastrol, a quinine-methide tri-terpenoid mainly found in Thunder God Vine root extracts against bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF through the enhancement of antioxidant defense system. A single intratracheal instillation of BLM (3 U/kg.bw) was administered in rats to induce PF. Celastrol (5 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally, twice a week for a period of 28 days. BLM-induced rats exhibits declined activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants which were restored upon treatment with celastrol. BLM-induced rats show increased total and differential cell counts as compared to control and celastrol treated rats. Histopathological analysis shows increased inflammation and alveolar damage; while assay of hydroxyproline and Masson's trichrome staining shows an increased collagen deposition in BLM-challenged rats that were decreased upon celastrol treatment. Celastrol also reduces inflammation in BLM-induced rats as evidenced by decrease in the expressions of mast cells, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9. Further, Western blot analysis shows that celastrol is a potent inducer of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and it restores the activities of Phase II enzymes such as hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs) and NADP(H): quinine oxidoreductase (NQO1) which were declined upon BLM administration. The results of this study show evidence on the protective effect of celastrol against BLM-induced PF through its antioxidant and anti-fibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Divya
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Vadivel Dineshbabu
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Syamala Soumyakrishnan
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | | | - Ganapasam Sudhandiran
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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Vivarelli F, Canistro D, Franchi P, Sapone A, Vornoli A, Della Croce C, Longo V, Lucarini M, Paolini M. Disruption of redox homeostasis and carcinogen metabolizing enzymes changes by administration of vitamin E to rats. Life Sci 2015; 145:166-73. [PMID: 26702769 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A large meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials has seriously questioned chemoprevention based on vitamins including vitamin E (VE), and an increased risk for cancer among long-term users was actually seen. However, the mechanism underlying these findings still remain unknown. To clarify the mechanism, in an in vivo model we studied the putative disruption of redox homeostasis and the perturbation of carcinogen metabolizing enzymes determined by VE. MAIN METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated ip with either 100 or 200mg/kg b.w. daily for 7 or 14 consecutive days. Controls received vehicle only. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) content, CYP-reductase, CYP-linked monooxygenases, as well as phase-II and the antioxidant enzymes catalase and NAD(P)H quinone reductase were investigated in both liver and kidney. Free radical species in tissue subcellular preparations were measured by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled to a radical probe technique. KEY FINDINGS No substantial changes of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism enzymes were determined by VE. Conversely, a powerful booster effect of various renal phase-I carcinogen bioactivating enzymes at both dosages and observational times was recorded. While no relevant changes of post-oxidative phase-II reactions were found in the liver, a significant inactivating effect was caused by VE in renal tissues. Antioxidant enzymes were found mainly downregulated by the treatment. In the kidney, a marked free radical over-generation linked to CYP induction was observed. SIGNIFICANCE This study proved that VE acts as a co-carcinogen and pro-oxidant agent. Such epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to explain the harmful outcomes observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vivarelli
- Molecular and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma-Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Molecular and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma-Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paola Franchi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Alma-Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Sapone
- Molecular and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma-Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Vornoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Clara Della Croce
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Longo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Alma-Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Moreno Paolini
- Molecular and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma-Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Crespo MC, Tomé-Carneiro J, Burgos-Ramos E, Loria Kohen V, Espinosa MI, Herranz J, Visioli F. One-week administration of hydroxytyrosol to humans does not activate Phase II enzymes. Pharmacol Res 2015; 95-96:132-7. [PMID: 25836918 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The notion that (poly)phenols act as direct free radical scavengers is being challenged by mere chemical and biochemical considerations such as bioavailability and intracellular concentrations. An alternative hypothesis that is gaining considerable traction is that (poly)phenols are processed by the body as xenobiotics via the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling axis, leading to the induction of Phase II enzymes. However, there are no solid human data to confirm this interesting supposition. In this study, we tested the activities of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on Phase II enzymes' expression in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. We tested two HT doses, i.e. 5 and 25mg/d, vs. placebo following a Latin square design. We report that HT is well tolerated but does not significantly modify Phase II enzyme expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, we were unable to record significant effects on a variety of surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease such as lipid profile and inflammation and oxidation markers. Available evidence indicates that the "hormesis hypothesis" that (poly)phenols activate Phase II enzymes requires solid human confirmation that might be provided by future trials. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02273622).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Burgos-Ramos
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria Kohen
- Unidad de Nutrición y Ensayos Clínicos, Plataforma Genyal, IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Espinosa
- Unidad de Nutrición y Ensayos Clínicos, Plataforma Genyal, IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Herranz
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
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13
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Christen V, Fent K. Tissue-, sex- and development-specific transcription profiles of eight UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and their regulation by activator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Aquat Toxicol 2014; 150:93-102. [PMID: 24667232 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases (Ugts) are phase II biotransformation enzymes that glucuronidate numerous endogenous and xenobiotic substrates. Based on the reported zebrafish Ugt gene repertoire, primers for the Ugt1a and Ugt1b family and for individual Ugt5a1, Ugt5a3, Ugt5a4, Ugt5a5, Ugt5c2 and Ugt5c3 were designed and applied in RT-qPCR analyses. Transcriptional expression profiles of these Ugts were analyzed in intestine, liver, gonad and brain of female and male adult zebrafish and at different embryonic developmental stages. We found tissue-, sex- and developmental-specific expression patterns for all isoforms. Throughout all tissues, the most abundant Ugts were Ugt1a, Ugt1b, Ugt5a1 and Ugt5a3. Expression during embryonic development was assessed between 24 and 120 hpf. Ugts showed a development-dependent expression. The pattern of Ugt1a, Ugt1b, Ugt5a1, Ugt5a3 and Ugt5a4 were similar with highest expression at 24 hpf followed by a decrease and rebound increase up to 120 hpf. To analyze for transcriptional regulation of Ugts by the arylhydrocarbon receptor (ahr2), zebrafish eleuthero-embryos were exposed to 5, 25 and 50μg/L benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a model ahr2 regulator for cyp1a. Besides transcriptional induction of ahr2 and cyp1a, BaP produced a significant induction of Ugt1a, Ugt5a1, Ugt5a3 and Ugt5a5 as well as a down-regulation of Ugt1b. These data demonstrate the link between ahr2 signalling and transcriptional expression of Ugt genes. This is the first study showing transcriptional expression of eight different Ugts in tissues and during embryonic development and offers new perspectives on the involvement of Ugts in fish xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Christen
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Environmental Systems Science, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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14
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Luo C, Wang H, Chen X, Cui Y, Li H, Long J, Mo X, Liu J. Protection of H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts against oxidative insults by total paeony glucosides from Radix Paeoniae Rubrae. Phytomedicine 2013; 21:20-24. [PMID: 24035226 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Total paeony glucosides (TPG) extracted from the roots of Radix Paeoniae Rubrae, have been approved for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis by the State Food and Drug Administration. We previously demonstrated the myocardial protective effects of TPG in both isoprenaline-induced myocardial ischemia rat and acute myocardial infarction rat. However, the underlying mechanism of TPG effect in cardiomyocytes remains to be investigated. The aims of this study were to elucidate the effect of TPG on the activities of antioxidant defense targets and the bioenergetic system in rat cardiomyocytes. The changes of viability, antioxidant defense system activities, protein contents, and mitochondrial functions in tert-butyl hydroperoxide challenged H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts were evaluated. The results suggest that TPG ameliorated cardiomyoblast dysfunction by preserving antioxidant defense and bioenergetic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Life Science, FIST, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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15
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Kaur R, Arora S. Interactions of betulinic acid with xenobiotic metabolizing and antioxidative enzymes in DMBA-treated Sprague Dawley female rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:131-142. [PMID: 23777707 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention is related to classical epidemiology and involves the use of agents that inhibit, delay, or reverse the carcinogenesis that occurs as a result of accumulation of mutations and increased proliferation. Betulinic acid is known for its cytotoxic effects against a panel of cancer cell lines. In the present study, interactions of betulinic acid (BA) with xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes including mixed function oxidases (cytochrome b5, P420, P450, NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase, and NADH cytochrome b5 reductase), phase II enzymes (GST, DT-diaphorase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase), LDH, antioxidative enzymes (glutathione reductase, SOD, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase), and lipid peroxidation are studied alone as well as in the presence of 7,12 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)--a potent carcinogen using Sprague Dawley female rats. The effect of BA on reduced glutathione content and protein content is also taken into consideration. It has been found that administration of BA decreased the level of mixed function oxidases that are involved in the conversion of carcinogen to electrophile, elevated the level of phase II enzymes which participated in the removal of electrophiles by sulfation, conjugation etc. It has been found that BA effectively removed or neutralized the reactive species by the action of phase II enzymes and such an effect was reflected from the specific activities of antioxidative enzymes which were found to be lower as compared to positive control (DMBA-treated group) and in some cases even that of untreated control. BA was also found to have a pronounced effect in protecting the animals from lipid peroxidation as evident from the reduced levels of TBARS, conjugated diene, and lipid hydroperoxide formation. This study highlights the role of BA in modulating the activities of xenobiotic and antioxidative enzymes that have putative roles in cancer initiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbir Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
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