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Yu L, Wang Z, Mo Z, Zou B, Yang Y, Sun R, Ma W, Yu M, Zhang S, Yu Z. Synergetic delivery of triptolide and Ce6 with light-activatable liposomes for efficient hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2004-2015. [PMID: 34386334 PMCID: PMC8343191 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been known as the second common leading cancer worldwide, as it responds poorly to both chemotherapy and medication. Triptolide (TP), a diterpenoid triepoxide, is a promising treatment agent for its effective anticancer effect on multiple cancers including HCC. However, its clinical application has been limited owing to its severe systemic toxicities, low solubility, and fast elimination in the body. Therefore, to overcome the above obstacles, photo-activatable liposomes (LP) integrated with both photosensitizer Ce6 and chemotherapeutic drug TP (TP/Ce6-LP) was designed in the pursuit of controlled drug release and synergetic photodynamic therapy in HCC therapy. The TP encapsulated in liposomes accumulated to the tumor site due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Under laser irradiation, the photosensitizer Ce6 generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and further oxidized the unsaturated phospholipids. In this way, the liposomes were destroyed to release TP. TP/Ce6-LP with NIR laser irradiation (TP/Ce6-LP+L) showed the best anti-tumor effect both in vitro and in vivo on a patient derived tumor xenograft of HCC (PDXHCC). TP/Ce6-LP significantly reduced the side effects of TP. Furthermore, TP/Ce6-LP+L induced apoptosis through a caspase-3/PARP signaling pathway. Overall, TP/Ce6-LP+L is a novel potential treatment option in halting HCC progression with attenuated toxicity.
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Key Words
- ALT, liver-related alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BCA, bicinchoninic acid
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CK, creatine kinase
- CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB
- CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy
- Ce6
- Chol, cholesterol
- Cr, creatinine
- DEE, drug encapsulation efficiency
- DLC, drug loading content
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DSPG, distearoyl phosphatidylglycerole
- Dox, doxorubicin
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FCM, flow cytometry
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- LP, liposomes
- NIR, near-infrared
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PDX model
- PDX, patient-derived xenograft
- PDXHCC, patient derived tumor xenograft of HCC
- PI, propidium iodide
- Photo-activatable liposomes
- Photosensitizer
- Process of photodynamic therapy
- Pt, platinum
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- So, sorafenib
- Synergetic delivery
- TEM, transmission electron microscope
- TP, triptolide
- TP/Ce6-LP, liposomes integrated with both photosensitizer Ce6 and chemotherapeutic drug TP
- TUNEL, dT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling
- Triptolide
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenjie Wang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming 525200, China
| | - Zhuomao Mo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Binhua Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Meng Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Corresponding authors.
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