1
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Gharib MH, Zahedpasha R. Minor lobulation of the testis, mimicking polyorchidism when inflammed, discussion of a rare case: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 97:107448. [PMID: 35907296 PMCID: PMC9403283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bilobed testis is an uncommon congenital malformation with only eight cases reported up to now. It seems that bilobed testicle is a form of polyorchidism which is not yet thoroughly divided. This report could provide information about diagnosing minor lobulation on ultrasound and MRI for the first time. PRESENTATION OF CASE In this report, a 13-year-old boy presented with extreme Epididymo-orchitis on the right testis, without any history, which showed itself on ultrasound as type A3 polyorchidism or bilobed testis. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Recent studies have not shown an apparent association between bilobed testis with testicular torsion and malignancy. In our case, because the minor lobulation is small, it probably has no association with torsion. The bilobed testis seems benign, so there is no requirement to check tumor markers. An inflamed testicular appendix and epididymitis can appear similar to a major lobulation which must be accurately found and evaluated on ultrasound as separate entities. CONCLUSION Inflamed minor lobulation of the testicle can demonstrate itself as polyorchidism or bilobed testicles; thus, Ultrasound and MRI can assist in diagnosing minor lobulation. Serial examination and imaging are recommended for managing minor lobulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Zahedpasha
- Corresponding author at: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, 5th Azar Hospital, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran.
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2
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Nurfajri DH, Pranoto D, Pramod SV, Safriadi F, Hernowo BS. Polyorchidism and testicular malignancy, what can we learn: A case report. Urol Case Rep 2021; 39:101828. [PMID: 34504774 PMCID: PMC8411227 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2021.101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polyorchidism is a rare condition with a total number of approximately 190 cases. Malignancy was found in 6,4% of cases. CASE PRESENTATION A 57 years old man came with a sudden and persistent painful mass in right inguinal region. The patient decided to undergo surgery with diagnosis of incarserated lateral hernia inguinal and obtained a testicular-like lump in the right inguinal canal, then the patient underwent orchiectomy. Histopathological examination revealed a soft tissue tumor with microscopic characteristic of seminoma. CT-Scan revealed metastasis to lung and liver. CONCLUSION Attention must be given to detect malignancy in polyorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derri Hafa Nurfajri
- Urology Department, Hasan Sadikin Academic Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Dono Pranoto
- Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sawkar Vijay Pramod
- Urology Department, Hasan Sadikin Academic Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Safriadi
- Urology Department, Hasan Sadikin Academic Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Bethy Suryawathy Hernowo
- Department of Pathology, Hasan Sadikin Academic Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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3
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Núñez García B, Álvarez García N, Pérez-Gaspar M, Esteva Miró C, Santiago Martínez S, Betancourth Alvarenga JE, San Vicente Vela B, Jiménez Gómez J, Jiménez Arribas P. Polyorchidism in pediatric patients: a case report and a literature review. Cir Pediatr 2021; 34:160-163. [PMID: 34254757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyorchidism or testicular duplication is defined as the histologically confirmed presence of more than two testes. This is the case of a full left testicular duplication in an 11-year-old patient presenting with occasional pain in the left hemiscrotum. At physical exploration, a palpable scrotal mass was detected. An ultrasonography was performed, which revealed the presence of testicular duplicity. Diagnostic suspicion was confirmed by means of a nuclear MRI and a histopathological study following excision. Polyorchidism is a rare abnormality requiring a high degree of suspicion in the presence of an extratesticular mass. Most authors advocate conservative treatment and follow-up in the absence of pain, cryptorchidism, tumors, and unclear diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Núñez García
- Pediatric Surgery Department. Parc Taulí University Hospital, Sabadell, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - N Álvarez García
- Pediatric Surgery Department. Parc Taulí University Hospital, Sabadell, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - M Pérez-Gaspar
- Pediatric Surgery Department. Parc Taulí University Hospital, Sabadell, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - C Esteva Miró
- Pediatric Surgery Department. Parc Taulí University Hospital, Sabadell, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - S Santiago Martínez
- Pediatric Surgery Department. Parc Taulí University Hospital, Sabadell, Barcelona (Spain)
| | | | - B San Vicente Vela
- Pediatric Surgery Department. Parc Taulí University Hospital, Sabadell, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - J Jiménez Gómez
- Pediatric Surgery Department. Parc Taulí University Hospital, Sabadell, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - P Jiménez Arribas
- Pediatric Surgery Department. Parc Taulí University Hospital, Sabadell, Barcelona (Spain)
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4
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Assefa HG, Sedeta AM, Gebreselassie HA. Polyorchidism during orchidopexy; A case report with review of literature. Urol Case Rep 2021; 39:101750. [PMID: 34189053 PMCID: PMC8219740 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2021.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyorchidism is a rare congenital urologic abnormality. It is usually diagnosed incidentally by imaging or during surgery. We report a case of triorchidism, in a 2 years old boy which was discovered during elective orchidopexy. The testes was localized in the inguinal region and was of normal size. We opted for orchidopexy of this supernumeray testis due to its size and its ability to reach the scrotum. The preservation of the supernumerary testis has been a controversial issue. This case report offers brief discussion of polyorchidism with review of similar literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwote Girma Assefa
- St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Mekonnen Sedeta
- St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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5
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Mazketly M, Aleter O, Brimo Alsaman MZ, Bazkke B, Jouda ME, Kayyali A. A rare case of polyorchidism in a 40-year-old man. A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 66:102389. [PMID: 34040773 PMCID: PMC8144338 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Polyorchidism is defined as the presence of three testes or more. Approximately, there are about 200 cases of polyorchidism in the medical literature. In the past, surgical treatment was done but now with imaging studies, less aggressive approach is recommended. Here we present a case of 40-year-old man who was diagnosed incidentally with polyorchidism in the right hemiscrotum which is quite unusual in this age. Case presentation A 40-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a swelling and pain in the left hemiscrotum. In palpation, we noticed a scrotal mass in the right hemiscrotum. His parents had first noticed a scrotal mass when he was two years old and was incorrectly diagnosed as hydrocele by an unauthorized practitioner. In the left hemiscrotum, Doppler confirmed acute epididymitis diagnosis that was treated conservatively with antibiotics and NSAIDs. In the right hemiscrotum, MRI showed that the lump had separate epididymis and shared a common vas deferens with the right testis, which confirmed the diagnosis of supernumerary testis and the patient underwent a follow-up ultrasound after a month and after six months of his presentation. Discussion Triorchidism is the most common type of polyorchidism. Polyorchidism is diagnosed incidentally hence it is asymptomatic. There are many types of Polyorchidism and tow classification have been described. When the patient is asymptomatic the concentrative treatment is recommended. Conclusion Polyorchidism is a rare congenital anomaly in the genitourinary tract. It is diagnosed incidentally. Ultrasound or MRI are used to diagnose polyorchidism cases. This Case Report is about a rare condition (polyorchidism) in a 40-year-old man which is very unusual in this age. Diagnosis has been made by imaging studies only. No need for aggressive treatment in uncomplicated cases. This case report provided a brief review about the classification of Polyorchidism and other differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owais Aleter
- Radiology Department, Aleppo University Hospital, Aleppo, Syria
| | | | - Bashar Bazkke
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
| | | | - Alae Kayyali
- Radiology Department, Aleppo University Hospital, Aleppo, Syria
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Aldughiman AW, El-Tholoth HS, Alsunbul A, Badawy E, Alelaiwai A. Management of polyorchidism in a prepubertal boy: A case report and literature review. Urol Ann 2021; 12:385-387. [PMID: 33776338 PMCID: PMC7992534 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_154_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyorchidism is a very rare embryological anomaly characterized by the presence of extra number of testes with the usual presentation of two homolateral and one contralateral testis and no clear guidelines for management. Herein, we present a 14yearold case with left supernumerary testes presented with discomfort and painless mass, diagnosed by US and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Conservative treatment was implemented, in the form of ultrasound followup imaging (every 6-12 months) with selfscrotal examination every month.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossam S El-Tholoth
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman Alsunbul
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Badawy
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman Alelaiwai
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Roy J, Hunt J, Ecclestone H, Johnston J. Three's a crowd: A very rare form of polyorchidism with sertoli cell adenomas. Urol Case Rep 2020; 34:101512. [PMID: 33318937 PMCID: PMC7726671 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyorchidism is rare with fewer than 200 cases reported in literature. We present a case of a 26 year old male with chronic pain secondary to a very rare form of polyorchidism, with histology showing Sertoli cell adenomas. Orchiectomy should be considered in patients with chronic pain due to polyorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Roy
- Taranaki Base Hospital, Taranaki District Health Board, 23 David Street, New Plymouth, New Zealand
| | - James Hunt
- Taranaki Pathology Services, 56 Vivan Street, New Plymouth, New Zealand
| | - Hazel Ecclestone
- Taranaki Base Hospital, Taranaki District Health Board, 23 David Street, New Plymouth, New Zealand
| | - James Johnston
- Taranaki Base Hospital, Taranaki District Health Board, 23 David Street, New Plymouth, New Zealand
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Bayissa BB, Tesfaye D. Triorchidism; an incidental finding at inguinal hernia repair: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 77:813-815. [PMID: 33395902 PMCID: PMC7724094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polyorchidism is a rare congenital malformation with about 200 cases reported in literatures. Triorchidism and left side occurrence are the most common presentation. This case report was aimed to report the rare presentation of polyorchidism which was on the right side and along with incarcerated inguinal that make it by far the least encountered presentation. The intraoperative management for the polyorchidism was an issue of dilemma but adult type can be excised safely. PRESENTATION OF THE CASE A 43 year old farmer presented with right side inguino-scrotal mass and recent failure to reduce to abdomen. He used to have pain lower abdominal pain with slight pressure since childhood but didn't get any medical evaluation. He has completed his family number and didn't complain any sexual problem. Physical examination showed that there was non-tender irreducible soft right side inguino-scrotal mass. The right side testis was not appreciated. DISCUSSION Triorchidism is one of the commonly occurring variant of supernumerary testes that diagnosed incidentally during investigations or interventions for other pathologies. Incarcerated inguinal hernia masks its detection on physical examinations, so its diagnosis is more of intraoperative making a one time management for both pathologies at single operation especially if the operation undertake with general anesthesia. This patient was operated for incarcerated inguinal hernia with incidental finding of right side type B1 polyorchidism. Both of the right side testes were atrophic and excision was done. CONCLUSION Patients who present at a late adulthood age with polyorchidism and undescended testis can be successfully treated with surgical removal of the atrophic supernumerary testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badhaasaa B Bayissa
- Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Ethiopia.
| | - Dhugasa Tesfaye
- Oromia Regional Health Bureau, Shambo General Hospital, Ethiopia
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9
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Abstract
We present the case of an adolescent male who presented with a painless left scrotal lump. Investigations revealed a diagnosis of a supernumerary testicle or polyorchidism. In this case report we discuss the imaging findings of polyorchidism on different modalities. We examine how imaging can be used to diagnose and classify this condition. We also discuss the associated complications and the role of imaging in surveillance and management of this rare disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Mandalia
- Watford General Hospital, Vicarage Rd, Watford WD18 0HB, United Kingdom
| | - Emre Pakdemirli
- Watford General Hospital, Vicarage Rd, Watford WD18 0HB, United Kingdom
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10
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Su JS, Farber NJ, Feldman MK, Vij SC. Sperm granuloma masquerading as a supernumerary testis. Urol Case Rep 2019; 29:101080. [PMID: 31867216 PMCID: PMC6906707 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2019.101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm granuloma is a common finding following vasectomy, with majority of the lesions located at the site of the vasectomy defect. Sperm granulomas are typically small and asymptomatic. We describe a case in which the nodule presented similarly to a supernumerary testis by radiographic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny S. Su
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Corresponding author. Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic 9500 Euclid Avenue, Q10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Nicholas J. Farber
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Myra K. Feldman
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Sarah C. Vij
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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11
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Fonseca-Sosa FK. Polyorchidism and inguinoscrotal hernia. Case presentation. ARCH ESP UROL 2019; 72:616-618. [PMID: 31274129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a case of poliorchidism because despite being known, its incidence is very low. METHOD A review of the medical records of a patient with the diagnosis of polyorchidism identified during a surgical intervention for inguinoscrotal hernia. RESULTS A 32-year-old male patient with past medical history referred with inguinal pain. An increase in volume was identified in the right inguinoscrotal region that protruded with Valsalva maneuver and another lump in the right scrotal region. During the operation, a right supernumerary testis was identified in the intrascrotal region with an independent epididymis and sharing a common vas deferens. Lichtenstein hernioplasty was performed and the third testis was placed in the scrotal sac. Doppler ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Due to the normality during the operation and the absence of anomalies in the supernumerary testis by Doppler ultrasound, conservative treatment was decided.
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12
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Abstract
Polyorchidism is a very rare genitourinary anomaly defined with the presence of more than two testicles. Polyorchidism is associated up to 40% with undescended testicles. The present report is about an incidentally detected triorchidism case with unilateral, one atrophic undescended double testicles. A 4-year-old child, diagnosed with undescended left testicle revealed during orchiopexy polyorchidism with distinct epididymis and vas deferens. Whereas one of the testicles was in regular size; the other two were atrophic. Orchiectomy was conducted on the atrophic testicle and orchiopexy to the regular size testicle. The atrophic testicle excised was referred histopathological analysis and was diagnosed as atrophic testis. The patient discharged on the first postoperative day, was considered as normal during postoperative evaluation made on the third postoperative day. Polyorchidism is a rare genitourinary abnormality, and its management is still controversial. Yet, we believe that orchiectomy is to be conducted in atrophic testicle cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Balasar
- Department of Urology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Giray Sönmez
- Department of Urology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Pembe Oltulu
- Department of Medical Pathology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdülkadir Kandemir
- Department of Urology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kılıç
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Göğer
- Department of Urology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Mesut Pişkin
- Department of Urology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Rafailidis V, Arvaniti M, Rafailidis D, Sfoungaris D. Multiparametric ultrasound findings in a patient with polyorchidism. Ultrasound 2017; 25:177-181. [PMID: 29410694 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x16689808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyorchidism is a rare condition usually incidentally discovered in young patients investigated with ultrasound for unrelated reasons. It is characterized by the presence of unilateral or, rarely, bilateral supernumerary testes which, depending on the type of polyorchidism, may have their own epididymis and vas deferens. Ultrasound, including B-mode and color Doppler technique, represents the primary imaging modality for the evaluation of scrotal diseases, including the characterization of supernumerary testes, which normally appear identical to the ipsilateral testicular parenchyma on every ultrasonographic technique performed. The role of MRI is thus limited to confirming ultrasonographic findings and excluding the presence of malignancy. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a recently introduced ultrasonographic technique providing detailed and sensitive visualization of the perfusion pattern of structures. It can thus be added to the conventional ultrasonographic examination in order to establish the diagnosis, negating the use of more expensive and time-consuming imaging modalities. We present a young patient with an incidentally found supernumerary testis, where new distinctive ultrasonographic findings, like the identification of transmediastinal vessels and a cystic appendage along with the perfusion pattern on contrast-enhanced ultrasound, established the diagnosis of polyorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Rafailidis
- Department of Radiology, "AHEPA" University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mary Arvaniti
- Department of Radiology, "G. GENNIMATAS" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Sfoungaris
- 1st Department of Paediatric Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abduljabbar AH. A Case Report: Triorchidism; is a Rare Mistaken Cause for Extra Testicular Neoplasm. Urol Case Rep 2016; 3:89-91. [PMID: 26793513 PMCID: PMC4714288 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyorchidism is a rare congenital anomaly of the male genitalia which refers to present an extra testicle; triorchidism is the commonest type. This report describes a case of 25-year-old male presented with testicular swelling and palpable scrotal mass, diagnosed as supernumerary testicle and tubular ectasia of the rete testis. The most common clinical presentation of triorchidism is painless swelling. Associated inguinal hernia or undescended testis is not uncommon findings. Treatment options will vary according to the type, size, number, anatomical location and vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Abduljabbar
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +966 126408161, +966 562556664 (mobile); fax: +966 126408149
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15
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Leodoro BM, Beasley SW, Stringer MD. Polyorchidism with presumed contralateral intrauterine testicular torsion. Int J Surg Case Rep 2014; 5:865-7. [PMID: 25462053 PMCID: PMC4245670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sentence, “Since then fewer than 200 cases have been reported in children and adults2” has been updated to “Since then nearly 230 cases of polyorchidism have been reported with a meta-analysis revealing 140 cases of histologically confirmed polyorchidism in children and adults.2” The sentence “It occurs mostly on the left side, with only a few reports of right sided polyorchidism3,4” has been changed to “Right sided polyorchidism is less common than on the left side.” Prenatal testicular torsion reportedly occurs in approximately 6.1 per 100,000 births.7,8 The frequency may be higher given that the infarcted testis gets resorbed giving rise to reports of the “vanishing testis” as is most likely in this case.8 While prenatal testicular torsion is increasingly being recognized and treated as a surgical emergency,9 prenatal testicular torsion in association with polyorchidism has not been previously reported.” has been included.
INTRODUCTION Polyorchidism was first described by Blasius in 16701 during a routine autopsy. We report a child with unilateral polyorchidism and a contralateral absent testis, a combination not reported previously. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 2-year-old boy was referred to the outpatient clinic with an impalpable left testis. At laparoscopy, the left vas deferens and testicular vessels ended blindly proximal to a closed internal ring. No gonadal tissue was identified. On the right side, a single vas deferens and testicular vessels were seen entering the internal ring as normal. The right side of the scrotum was explored and two testes were identified within a single tunica vaginalis. DISCUSSION Polyorchidism is rare with a literature search identifying approximately 230 reported cases. Whilst prenatal testicular torsion is increasing being recognized and treated as a surgical emergency,9 prenatal testicular torsion in association with polyorchidism has not been previously reported. CONCLUSION We describe a unique case of a 2-year-old boy with right-sided polyorchidism and an absent left testis associated with a blind ending vas deferens and testicular vessels, presumed secondary to intrauterine testicular torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Leodoro
- Department of Surgery, Vila Central Hospital, Port Vila, Vanuatu.
| | - S W Beasley
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M D Stringer
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Abstract
Supernumerary testis is a rare congenital anomaly of the testis arising from abnormal division in the genital ridge during the embryogenesis of testis. We describe a case of polyorchidism detected incidentally in a 52-year-old with renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep G Jakhere
- Department of Radiology, B. Y. L. Nair Charitable Hospital and T. N. Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shenaz A Saifi
- Department of Radiology, B. Y. L. Nair Charitable Hospital and T. N. Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhinav A Ranwaka
- Department of Radiology, B. Y. L. Nair Charitable Hospital and T. N. Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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17
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Abstract
Polyorchidism is a rare anomaly; triorchidism is the commonest type and is frequently associated with cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia, and testicular torsion. It is also reported as an increased risk of testicular malignancy. We report a case of 72-year-old man with left supernumerary testes in the left hemiscrotum. He presented with pain in his left hemiscrotum of short duration. Physical examination revealed tender hemiscrotum. Both ultrasound and MRI examinations revealed polyorchidism. One of the testes in the left hemiscrotum revealed features of torsion and hemorrhagic necrosis. Polyorchidism is a rare entity. In most cases, sonography alone is diagnostic of polyorchidism. Magnetic resonance imaging may provide additional information in complicated cases of polyorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kumar
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, Karnataka, India
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