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Razazi A, Kakanezhadi A, Raisi A, Pedram B, Dezfoulian O, Davoodi F. D-limonene inhibits peritoneal adhesion formation in rats via anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and antioxidative effects. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1077-1089. [PMID: 38308792 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of D-limonene on decreasing post-operative adhesion in rats and to understand the mechanisms involved. Peritoneal adhesions were induced by creating different incisions and excising a 1 × 1 cm section of the peritoneum. The experimental groups included a sham group, a control group in which peritoneal adhesions were induced without any treatment, and two treatment groups in which animals received D-limonene with dosages of 25 and 50 mg/kg after inducing peritoneal adhesions. Macroscopic examination of adhesions showed that both treatment groups had reduced adhesion bands in comparison to the control group. Immunohistochemical assessment of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and VEGF on day 14 revealed a significant increment in the level of immunopositive cells for the mentioned markers in the control group, whereas administration of limonene in both doses significantly reduced levels of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and VEGF (P < 0.05). Induction of peritoneal adhesions in the control group significantly increased TGF-β1, TNF-α, and VEGF on days 3 and 14 in western blot evaluation, while treatment with limonene significantly reduced TNF-α level on day 14 (P < 0.05). Moreover, VEGF levels in both treatment groups significantly reduced on days 3 and 14. In the control group, a significant increment in the levels of MDA and NO and a notable decline in the levels of GPX, CAT was observed (P < 0.05). Limonene 50 group significantly reduced MDA level and increased GPx and CAT levels on day 14 (P < 0.05). In summary, D-limonene reduced adhesion bands, inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Razazi
- Department of Veterinary, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Ali Kakanezhadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abbas Raisi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Behnam Pedram
- Department of Veterinary, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Omid Dezfoulian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Farshid Davoodi
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Li G, Ren Y, Li E, Deng K, Qu C, Zhang J, Zhang L, Wang X, Lian J, Zhou H, Wang Z, Shen T, Li X, Jiang Z. Quercetin inhibits mesothelial-mesenchymal transition and alleviates postoperative peritoneal adhesions by blocking the TGF-β1/PI3K/AKT pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117242. [PMID: 37777024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Carthami flos is a dried flower of the Asteraceae plant Carthamus tinctorius (L.). Danhong injection, composed of Carthami flos and Danshen can prevent the formation of postoperative peritoneal adhesions. Quercetin (QUE), an active compound of Carthami flos, has also been proved to prevent postoperative abdominal and uterine cavity adhesions. However, whether QUE is the key component in Carthami flos and the mechanism in preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions has not been studied. AIM OF THE STUDY To predict whether QUE is the key molecule in Carthami flos and explore the effect and mechanism of QUE in preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Drug composition and target analysis was used to predict the key component in Carthami flos. The method of cecum-sidewall abrasion was used to establish adhesion models, and the antiadhesion effect of QUE was evaluated with the adhesion scoring system. Network pharmacology was used to predict the targets and potential mechanism of QUE in preventing adhesion. The mechanism was further verified by immunofluorescence, Western blot, wound healing experiment, and molecular docking. RESULTS Quercetin was predicted to be the key to preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions in Carthami flos. Animal experiments revealed that QUE effectively ameliorated adhesions and reduced the expression of mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT) related markers and TGF-β1. Moreover, the TGF-β1/PI3K/AKT pathway was predicted via protein-protein interaction and Kyoto encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis to play a crucial part in preventing adhesion by QUE. Furthermore, in vitro experiments and molecular docking demonstrated that QUE could block the TGF-β1/PI3K/AKT pathway through forming a stable combination with TβR-II, thereby inhibiting MMT and ameliorating peritoneal adhesion. CONCLUSIONS QUE can not only reduce postoperative TGF-β1 but also block the TGF-β1/PI3K/AKT pathway to inhibit MMT of mesothelial cells, and finally alleviate postoperative peritoneal adhesions. These findings may provide insights towards development of a safe and effective anti-adhesive drug for prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiwei Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Enmeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingjie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Lian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huayou Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China; Department of General Surgery, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianli Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuqi Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China; Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhengdong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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