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Takai-Igarashi T, Kinoshita K, Nagasaki M, Ogishima S, Nakamura N, Nagase S, Nagaie S, Saito T, Nagami F, Minegishi N, Suzuki Y, Suzuki K, Hashizume H, Kuriyama S, Hozawa A, Yaegashi N, Kure S, Tamiya G, Kawaguchi Y, Tanaka H, Yamamoto M. Security controls in an integrated Biobank to protect privacy in data sharing: rationale and study design. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2017; 17:100. [PMID: 28683736 PMCID: PMC5501115 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-017-0494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the goal of realizing genome-based personalized healthcare, we have developed a biobank that integrates personal health, genome, and omics data along with biospecimens donated by volunteers of 150,000. Such a large-scale of data integration involves obvious risks of privacy violation. The research use of personal genome and health information is a topic of global discussion with regard to the protection of privacy while promoting scientific advancement. The present paper reports on our plans, current attempts, and accomplishments in addressing security problems involved in data sharing to ensure donor privacy while promoting scientific advancement. Methods Biospecimens and data have been collected in prospective cohort studies with the comprehensive agreement. The sample size of 150,000 participants was required for multiple researches including genome-wide screening of gene by environment interactions, haplotype phasing, and parametric linkage analysis. Results We established the TohokuMedicalMegabank (TMM) data sharing policy: a privacy protection rule that requires physical, personnel, and technological safeguards against privacy violation regarding the use and sharing of data. The proposed policy refers to that of NCBI and that of the Sanger Institute. The proposed policy classifies shared data according to the strength of re-identification risks. Local committees organized by TMM evaluate re-identification risk and assign a security category to a dataset. Every dataset is stored in an assigned segment of a supercomputer in accordance with its security category. A security manager should be designated to handle all security problems at individual data use locations. The proposed policy requires closed networks and IP-VPN remote connections. Conclusion The mission of the biobank is to distribute biological resources most productively. This mission motivated us to collect biospecimens and health data and simultaneously analyze genome/omics data in-house. The biobank also has the mission of improving the quality and quantity of the contents of the biobank. This motivated us to request users to share the results of their research as feedback to the biobank. The TMM data sharing policy has tackled every security problem originating with the missions. We believe our current implementation to be the best way to protect privacy in data sharing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12911-017-0494-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Takai-Igarashi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Soichi Ogishima
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakamura
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nagase
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaie
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomo Saito
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fuji Nagami
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoko Minegishi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichi Suzuki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kichiya Suzuki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hashizume
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kawaguchi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan. .,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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