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Li HY, Lee NC, Chiu YT, Chang YW, Lin CC, Chou CL, Chien YH, Hwu WL, Cheng WC. Harnessing polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines as a stabilizer of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) to enhance the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy in Pompe disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 78:117129. [PMID: 36542959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To discover small molecules as acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) stabilizers for potential benefits of the exogenous enzyme treatment toward Pompe disease cells, we started from the initial screening of the unique chemical space, consisting of sixteen stereoisomers of 2-aminomethyl polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines (ADMDPs) to find out two primary stabilizers 17 and 18. Further external or internal structural modifications of 17 and 18 were performed to increase structural diversity, followed by the protein thermal shift study to evaluate the GAA stabilizing ability. Fortunately, pyrrolidine 21, possessing an l-arabino-typed configuration pattern, was identified as a specific potent rh-GAA stabilizer, enabling the suppression of rh-GAA protein denaturation. In a cell-based Pompe model, co-administration of 21 with rh-GAA protein significantly improved enzymatic activity (up to 5-fold) compared to administration of enzyme alone. Potentially, pyrrolidine 21 enables the direct increase of ERT (enzyme replacement therapy) efficacy in cellulo and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Yi Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001, University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, 8 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chiu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chung Lin
- AnHorn Medicines Co., Ltd. National Biotechnology Research Park C522, 99, Lane 130, Academia Road, Section 1, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Chou
- AnHorn Medicines Co., Ltd. National Biotechnology Research Park C522, 99, Lane 130, Academia Road, Section 1, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, 8 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
| | - Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, 8 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10041, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chieh Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, 700, Kaohsiung University Road, Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Chiayi University, 300, Syuefu Road, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
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Elgert C, Rühle A, Sandner P, Behrends S. Thermal shift assay: Strengths and weaknesses of the method to investigate the ligand-induced thermostabilization of soluble guanylyl cyclase. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 181:113065. [PMID: 32032919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Thermal shift assay is a fluorescence dye based biochemical method to determine the melting point of a protein. It can be used to investigate the ligand-induced stabilization of proteins and helps to increase the likelihood of crystallization in biological samples. Dimeric proteins like soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) have specific structural and functional properties which may pose a challenge in thermal shift measurements. In this paper, thermal shift assay was used to examine ligand-induced thermostabilization of the dimeric heme-containing protein soluble guanylyl cyclase. Adjustment of the parameters buffer solution, pH, protein / dye ratio and protein amount per well yielded a one-phase melting curve of sGC with a sharp transition and high reproducibility. We found that thermal shift measurement is not affected by heme state or heme content of the enzyme preparation. We used the method to investigate the thermostabilization of sGC induced by the heme-mimetic activator drugs cinaciguat, BAY 60-2770 and BR 11257 in combination with non-hydrolyzable nucleotides. Measurements with the dicarboxylic drugs cinaciguat and BAY 60-2770 yielded steep melting curves with high amplitudes. In contrast, in the presence of the monocarboxylic sGC activator BR 11257, melting curves appear flattened in the dye-based measurements. In the present paper, we show that activity-based thermostability measurements are superior to dye-based measurements in detecting the thermostabilizing influence of sGC activator drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Elgert
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology, Germany.
| | - Anne Rühle
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology, Germany.
| | | | - Sönke Behrends
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology, Germany.
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Sömmer A, Behrends S. Methods to investigate structure and activation dynamics of GC-1/GC-2. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:S1089-8603(17)30348-8. [PMID: 29705716 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is a heterodimeric enzyme consisting of one α and one β subunit. The α1β1 (GC-1) and α2β1 (GC-2) heterodimers are important for NO signaling in humans and catalyse the conversion from GTP to cGMP. Each sGC subunit consists of four domains. Several crystal structures of the isolated domains are available. However, crystals of full-length sGC have failed to materialise. In consequence, the detailed three dimensional structure of sGC remains unknown to date. Different techniques including stopped-flow spectroscopy, Förster-resonance energy transfer, direct fluorescence, analytical ultracentrifugation, chemical cross-linking, small-angle X-ray scattering, electron microscopy, hydrogen-deuterium exchange and protein thermal shift assays, were used to collect indirect information. Taken together, this circumstantial evidence from different groups brings forth a plausible model of sGC domain arrangement, spatial orientation and dynamic rearrangement upon activation. For analysis of the active conformation the stable binding mode of sGC activators has a significant methodological advantage over the transient, elusive, complex and highly concentration dependent effects of NO in many applications. The methods used and the results obtained are reviewed and discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sömmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology, Germany.
| | - Sönke Behrends
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology, Germany.
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