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Gaipov A, Gusmanov A, Abbay A, Sakko Y, Issanov A, Kadyrzhanuly K, Yermakhanova Z, Aliyeva L, Kashkynbayev A, Moldaliyev I, Crape B, Sarria-Santamera A. SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive and PCR-negative cases of pneumonia admitted to the hospital during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of in-hospital and post-hospital mortality. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:458. [PMID: 34016043 PMCID: PMC8134816 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the spike of COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan (June-2020), multiple SARS-CoV-2 PCR-test negative pneumonia cases with higher mortality were reported by media. We aimed to study the epidemiologic characteristics of hospitalized PCR-test positive and negative patients with analysis of in-hospital and post-hospital mortality. We also compare the respiratory disease characteristics between 2019 and 2020. METHODS The study population consist of 17,691 (March-July-2020) and 4600 (March-July-2019) hospitalized patients with respiratory diseases (including COVID-19). The incidence rate, case-fatality rate and survival analysis for overall mortality (in-hospital and post-hospital) were assessed. RESULTS The incidence and mortality rates for respiratory diseases were 4-fold and 11-fold higher in 2020 compared to 2019 (877.5 vs 228.2 and 11.2 vs 1.2 per 100,000 respectively). The PCR-positive cases (compared to PCR-negative) had 2-fold higher risk of overall mortality. We observed 24% higher risk of death in males compared to females and in older patients compared to younger ones. Patients residing in rural areas had 66% higher risk of death compared to city residents and being treated in a provisional hospital was associated with 1.9-fold increased mortality compared to those who were treated in infectious disease hospitals. CONCLUSION This is the first study from the Central Asia and Eurasia regions, evaluating the mortality of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive and PCR-negative respiratory system diseases during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic. We describe a higher mortality rate for PCR-test positive cases compared to PCR-test negative cases, for males compared to females, for elder patients compared to younger ones and for patients living in rural areas compared to city residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abduzhappar Gaipov
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, Room 345, Nur-Sultan city, Kazakhstan.
| | - Arnur Gusmanov
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, Room 345, Nur-Sultan city, Kazakhstan
| | - Anara Abbay
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, Room 345, Nur-Sultan city, Kazakhstan
| | - Yesbolat Sakko
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, Room 345, Nur-Sultan city, Kazakhstan
| | - Alpamys Issanov
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, Room 345, Nur-Sultan city, Kazakhstan
| | - Kainar Kadyrzhanuly
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, Room 345, Nur-Sultan city, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanar Yermakhanova
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Akhmet Yassawi University Medical Faculty, Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Lazzat Aliyeva
- Department of expertise, Social Health Insurance Fund branch of the Turkestan Region, Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Ardak Kashkynbayev
- Department of Mathematics, Nazarbayev University School of Sciences and Humanities, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Iklas Moldaliyev
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Akhmet Yassawi University Medical Faculty, Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Byron Crape
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, Room 345, Nur-Sultan city, Kazakhstan
| | - Antonio Sarria-Santamera
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerey and Zhanibek Khans Street 5/1, Room 345, Nur-Sultan city, Kazakhstan
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