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Zhou Z, Ren F, Huang Q, Cheng H, Cun Y, Ni Y, Wu W, Xu B, Yang Q, Yang L. Characterization and interactions of spoilage of Pseudomonas fragi C6 and Brochothrix thermosphacta S5 in chilled pork based on LC-MS/MS and screening of potential spoilage biomarkers. Food Chem 2024; 444:138562. [PMID: 38330602 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas and Brochothrix are the main spoilage organisms in pork, and each of these plays an essential role in the spoilage process. However, the effect of co-contamination of these two organisms in pork has not been elucidated. The changing bacterial communities during spontaneous spoilage of pork at 4 °C were evaluated using high-throughput sequencing. The dominant spoilage bacteria were isolated and these were identified as Pseudomonas fragi C6 and Brochothrix thermosphacta S5. Chilled pork was then experimentally contaminated with these strains, individually and in combination, and the progression of spoilage was assessed by analyzing various physicochemical indicators. These included total viable counts (TVC), pH, color, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and detection of microbial metabolites. After 7 days of chilled storage, co-contaminated pork produced higher TVC and TVB-N values than mono-contaminated samples. Metabolomic analysis identified a total of 8,084 metabolites in all three groups combined. Differential metabolites were identified, which were involved in 38 metabolic pathways. Among these pathways, the biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from purine and histidine was identified as an important pathway related to spoilage. Specifically, histidine, histamine, AMP, IMP, GMP, succinic acid, and oxoglutaric acid were identified as potential spoilage biomarkers. The study showed that the combined presence of P. fragi C6 and B. thermosphacta S5 bacteria makes chilled pork more prone to spoilage, compared to their individual presence. This study provides insights that can assist in applying appropriate techniques to maintain quality and safety changes in meat during storage and further the assessment of freshness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglian Zhou
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Fangqi Ren
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qianli Huang
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Haoran Cheng
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yu Cun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yongsheng Ni
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Baocai Xu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Liu Yang
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
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Chen Q, Zhou Y, Yun X, Zhao N, Bu H, Dong T. Bactericidal Efficacy and Mechanisms of Non-Electrolytic Slightly Acidic Hypochlorous Water on Pseudomonas fragi and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Foods 2023; 12:3980. [PMID: 37959099 PMCID: PMC10647583 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chilled pork is frequently contaminated with Pseudomonas fragi and Pseudomonas fluorescens. In this study, the bactericidal efficacy and mechanisms of non-electrolytic slightly acidic hypochlorous water (NE-SAHW) against two strains of these two species were evaluated. The results showed that the antibacterial efficacy of NE-SAHW was positively correlated with the concentration level of NE-SAHW and negatively correlated with the initial populations of the strains. The strains of small populations were completely inhibited when provided with each level of NE-SAHW. The killed cells of P. fragi were 0.94, 1.39, 4.02, and 5.60 log10 CFU/mL, respectively, and of P. fluorescens they were 1.21, 1.52, 4.14, and 5.74 log10 CFU/mL, respectively, when the initial populations of the strains were at high levels (about 7 log10 CFU/mL). Both strains were completely killed within 12 s with the available chlorine concentration (ACC) of 50 mg/L of NE-SAHW. Morphological changes in both cells were observed by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and it was discovered that the cell membranes were damaged, which led to the leakage of the intracellular substances, including K+, nucleic acid, and protein. In terms of the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results, NE-SAHW destroyed the structures of membrane proteins and cell structure proteins, and influenced the composition of polysaccharides. The bacteria were definitely dead after treatment by NE-SAHW compared to the control according to the results of flow cytometry. These results demonstrated the potential bactericidal property of NE-SAHW when applied to the meat and other food sterilization industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yanfang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xueyan Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Namula Zhao
- Shanghai Wanlay Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200129, China;
| | - Hongyu Bu
- Inner Mongolia Institute for Drug Control, West Taoli Street, Hohhot 010020, China;
| | - Tungalag Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.)
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Chen Y, Ma F, Wu Y, Tan S, Niu A, Qiu W, Wang G. Biosurfactant from Pseudomonas fragi enhances the competitive advantage of Pseudomonas but reduces the overall spoilage ability of the microbial community in chilled meat. Food Microbiol 2023; 115:104311. [PMID: 37567617 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants from Pseudomonas spp. have been reported to exhibit antibacterial and anti-adhesive properties, but their role during meat spoilage remains unclear. In this study, the biosurfactant was isolated from an isolate of Pseudomonas fragi with strong spoilage potential, and its surface tension and emulsification ability were determined. The chemical and microbial characteristics of the biosurfactant-treated meat samples were periodically analyzed. The results demonstrated that the biosurfactant produced by P. fragi could reduce surface tension and showed good emulsification properties. For the in situ spoilage trials, biosurfactant from P. fragi changed the microbial diversity on meat, helping Pseudomonas establish a dominant position in the population. However, biosurfactant treatment caused chicken meat to exhibit a weaker spoilage state, as indicated by the growth of psychrophilic microorganisms, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) and meat color. These results provide practical information for understanding the role of P. fragi biosurfactant during chilled meat storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yajie Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Song Tan
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ajuan Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weifen Qiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Bao C, Li M, Zhao X, Shi J, Liu Y, Zhang N, Zhou Y, Ma J, Chen G, Zhang S, Chen H. Mining of key genes for cold adaptation from Pseudomonas fragi D12 and analysis of its cold-adaptation mechanism. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1215837. [PMID: 37485517 PMCID: PMC10358777 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1215837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The psychrotroph Pseudomonas fragi D12, which grew strongly under low temperatures, was screened from tundra soil collected from the permanent alpine zone on Changbai Mountain. To mine the genes critical for cold tolerance and to investigate the cold-adaptation mechanism, whole-genome sequencing, comparative genomic analysis, and transcriptome analysis were performed with P. fragi. A total of 124 potential cold adaptation genes were identified, including nineteen unique cold-adaptive genes were detected in the genome of P. fragi D12. Three unique genes associated with pili protein were significantly upregulated at different degrees of low temperature, which may be the key to the strong low-temperature adaptability of P. fragi D12. Meanwhile, we were pleasantly surprised to find that Pseudomonas fragi D12 exhibited different cold-adaptation mechanisms under different temperature changes. When the temperature declined from 30°C to 15°C, the response included maintenance of the fluidity of cell membranes, increased production of extracellular polymers, elevation in the content of compatibility solutes, and reduction in the content of reactive oxygen species, thereby providing a stable metabolic environment. When the temperature decreased from 15°C to 4°C, the response mainly included increases in the expression of molecular chaperones and transcription factors, enabling the bacteria to restore normal transcription and translation. The response mechanism of P. fragi D12 to low-temperature exposure is discussed. The results provide new ideas for the cold-adaptation mechanism of cold-tolerant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjie Bao
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Muzi Li
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuhui Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yehui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Sitong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Yang J, Liang R, Mao Y, Dong P, Zhu L, Luo X, Zhang Y, Yang X. Potential inhibitory effect of carbon dioxide on the spoilage behaviors of Pseudomonas fragi in high-oxygen packaged beef during refrigerated storage. Food Microbiol 2023; 112:104229. [PMID: 36906301 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas fragi is a dominant meat spoilage organism under high-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (HiOx-MAP). This work investigated the effects of CO2 on P. fragi growth and the related spoilage phenomena of HiOx-MAP beef. Minced beef incubated with P. fragi T1, a strain owning the strongest spoilage potential among isolates, was stored under CO2-enriched HiOx-MAP (TMAP; 50% O2/40% CO2/10% N2) or non-CO2 HiOx-MAP (CMAP; 50% O2/50% N2) at 4 °C for 14 days. Compared to CMAP, TMAP maintained sufficient O2 levels to endow beef with higher a* values and meat color stability due to lower P. fragi counts from day 1 (P < 0.05). TMAP samples also showed lower (P < 0.05) lipase activity and protease activity within 14-days and 6-days than CMAP samples respectively. TMAP delayed the significantly increased pH and total volatile basic nitrogen contents occurred in CMAP beef during storage. Despite TMAP markedly promoted the lipid oxidation associated with higher concentrations of hexanal and 2,3-octanedione than CMAP (P < 0.05), TMAP beef retained an acceptable organoleptic odor due to a CO2-inhibition on the microbial-induced 2,3-butanedione and ethyl 2-butenoate formation. This study provided a comprehensive insight into the antibacterial mechanism of CO2 on P. fragi in HiOx-MAP beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Rongrong Liang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Xin Luo
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyin Yang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
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Azhar M, Yousaf M, Maher S, Fatmi MQ. Discovering Potential Bacteriocins Against Pseudomonas fragi: a Subtractive Proteomics and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Study for Food Preservation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04509-7. [PMID: 37103735 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Food preservation is a schematic and scientific procedure employed for the maintenance and improvement of food's quality, shelf life, and nutritional value. Although, on one hand, ancient conventional methods such as freezing, pasteurization, canning, and chemical methods have the potential to lengthen the shelf life of edible substances, but on the other hand, they can deteriorate its nutritional value as well. Present research focuses on the identification of promising bacteriocins against Pseudomonas fragi via subtractive proteomics pipeline as an alternative approach for food preservation. Bacteriocins are small peptides produced by certain microbes to naturally defend themselves by destroying other closely related bacteria residing in their neighborhood. P. fragi lies among the most notable microbes responsible for the elicitation of food spoilage. Due to increasing emergence and prevalence of multidrug resistance bacteria, there is a need to unravel novel drug targets, crucially involved in food decay process. Based on subtractive scrutinization, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase (LpxA) was chosen as promising therapeutic protein target that could play a significant role in progression of food spoilage. Subtilosin A, thuricin-CD, and mutacin B-NY266 were found as the most robust inhibitors of LpxA according to the molecular docking assay results. Molecular dynamic simulations and binding energy calculations via MM/PBSA method of LpxA and three top hit docked complexes, i.e., LpxA-subtilosin A, LpxA-thuricin-CD, and LpxA-mutacin B-NY266, revealed stability throughout simulations and ensured that shortlisted bacteriocins had strong affinity for LpxA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Azhar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Maha Yousaf
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Saima Maher
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - M Qaiser Fatmi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
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Li Y, He R, Chen H, Chen D, Chen W. Respiratory Depression as Antibacterial Mechanism of Linalool against Pseudomonas fragi Based on Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36232887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Linalool showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, but few studies have elucidated the antibacterial mechanism of linalool on Pseudomonas fragi (P. fragi) to date. The present study aimed to uncover the antimicrobial activity and potential mechanism of linalool against P. fragi by determining key enzyme activities and metabolites combined with a high-throughput method and metabolomic pathway analysis. As a result, linalool had excellent inhibitory activity against P. fragi with MIC of 1.5 mL/L. In addition, the presence of linalool significantly altered the intracellular metabolic profile and a total of 346 differential metabolites were identified, of which 201 were up-regulated and 145 were down-regulated. The highlight pathways included beta-alanine metabolism, pantothenic acid and CoA metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Overall, linalool could cause metabolic disorders in cells, and the main metabolic pathways involved energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism. In particular, the results of intracellular ATP content and related enzymatic activities (ATPase, SDH, and GOT) also highlighted that energy limitation and amino acid disturbance occurred intracellularly. Together, these findings provided new insights into the mechanism by which linalool inhibited P. fragi and theoretical guidance for its development as a natural preservative.
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Wu J, Liu P, Zheng Z, Ouyang J. Valorization of cheese whey to lactobionic acid by a novel strain Pseudomonas fragi and identification of enzyme involved in lactose oxidation. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:184. [PMID: 36076243 PMCID: PMC9461264 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efficient upgrading of inferior agro-industrial resources and production of bio-based chemicals through a simple and environmentally friendly biotechnological approach is interesting Lactobionic acid is a versatile aldonic acid obtained from the oxidation of lactose. Several microorganisms have been used to produce lactobionic acid from lactose and whey. However, the lactobionic acid production titer and productivity should be further improved to compete with other methods. Results In this study, a new strain, Pseudomonas fragi NL20W, was screened as an outstanding biocatalyst for efficient utilization of waste whey to produce lactobionic acid. After systematic optimization of biocatalytic reactions, the lactobionic acid productivity from lactose increased from 3.01 g/L/h to 6.38 g/L/h in the flask. In batch fermentation using a 3 L bioreactor, the lactobionic acid productivity from whey powder containing 300 g/L lactose reached 3.09 g/L/h with the yield of 100%. Based on whole genome sequencing, a novel glucose dehydrogenase (GDH1) was determined as a lactose-oxidizing enzyme. Heterologous expression the enzyme GDH1 into P. putida KT2440 increased the lactobionic acid yield by 486.1%. Conclusion This study made significant progress both in improving lactobionic acid titer and productivity, and the lactobionic acid productivity from waste whey is superior to the ever reports. This study also revealed a new kind of aldose-oxidizing enzyme for lactose oxidation using P. fragi NL20W for the first time, which laid the foundation for further enhance lactobionic acid production by metabolic engineering. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01907-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojuan Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia Ouyang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
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Tang Z, Chen H, Chen W, Zhong Q, Zhang M, Chen W, Yun YH. Unraveling the antibacterial mechanism of 3-carene against Pseudomonas fragi by integrated proteomics and metabolomics analyses and its application in pork. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 379:109846. [PMID: 35908494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas fragi is primarily responsible for the spoilage of various foods, especially meat. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial mechanism of 3-carene against P. fragi. 3-Carene treatment decreased the phospholipid content and the fluidity of the cell membrane, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and affected respiratory chain dehydrogenase, oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase in P. fragi. Metabolomics and proteomics analyses further showed that in the presence of 3-carene, 519 proteins, 136 metabolites in positive ion mode and 100 metabolites in negative ion mode were differentially expressed. These proteins and metabolites were primarily involved in amino acid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and other processes. Consequently, the stimulation of 3-carene altered cell membrane properties, disturbed important amino acid and energy metabolism, and even caused oxidative stress. Additionally, the results of total viable counts and the total volatile base nitrogen indicated that 3-carene could significantly improve the preservation of refrigerated pork. This study suggested that 3-carene has promising potential to be developed as a food preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Tang
- School of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Haiming Chen
- School of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Weijun Chen
- School of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Qiuping Zhong
- School of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Wenxue Chen
- School of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China.
| | - Yong-Huan Yun
- School of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 570228, PR China.
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Wu Y, Ma F, Pang X, Chen Y, Niu A, Tan S, Chen X, Qiu W, Wang G. Involvement of AprD in regulating biofilm structure, matrix secretion, and cell metabolism of meat-borne Pseudomonas fragi during chilled storage. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111400. [PMID: 35761654 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas fragi is by far one of the most threatening species in the spoilage of chilled meat that is stored under aerobic conditions. The membrane protein AprD is a well-established regulator controlling protease secretion in Pseudomonas spp. However, its exact roles in modulating metabolic pathways and spoilage potential of P. fragi at the molecular level remain undefined. Here, an in-frame deletion mutation of aprD was used to explore the impacts on their biofilm structure, matrix secretion, and cell metabolism. The results showed that ΔaprD formed relatively disorganized loose aggregation in biofilm, resulting in a thinner structure and more dead cells. Meanwhile, marked changes in the content of extracellular carbohydrates and proteins were observed. Furthermore, intracellular metabolomic profiling revealed the involvement of aprD in several cellular metabolic pathways, mostly including the carbohydrate pathway, amino acid pathway, and nucleotide pathway, while the characterization of extracellular metabolism clarified the variations in the spoilage-related metabolites (e.g., creatine, IMP, spermine, fatty acids, amino acids, and oligopeptides) could be highly correlated with aprD deletion. In this finding, we indicated that aprD could be responsible for cell reproduction and in situ spoilage potential of P. fragi NMC25 during chilled storage by controlling related metabolism and nutrients utilization. Thus, our results will contribute to an improved understanding of the regulatory mechanism of aprD gene in meat spoilage contaminated with P. fragi, which can be valuable to ensure the quality and safety of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xinyi Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ajuan Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Song Tan
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weifen Qiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
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11
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Condò C, Gómez I, Farfán M, Rius N. Assessing the inhibitory activity of culture supernatants against foodborne pathogens of two psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from river trout. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:294. [PMID: 35507075 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for new natural products with antimicrobial activity to treat multidrug resistant bacteria that can cause human illness. Some of them are foodborne pathogens. Two different Gram-negative psychrotrophic strains were isolated from healthy trout river samples (Salmotrutta). Based on phenotypic characterization, proteomics, genotyping and phylogenetic analyses of 16 rRNA gene, strains TCPS12 and TCPS13 were identified as Shewanellabaltica and Pseudomonasfragi, respectively. Both of them produced an exopolysaccharide that showed antimicrobial activity against four foodborne pathogens. P. fragi supernatant (AS13) showed higher antimicrobial activity than S. baltica supernatant (AS12) against all tested pathogens. The stability of the antimicrobial activity of AS13 was assessed against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 under different conditions. This solution was stable when exposed for 30 min to temperatures ranging from 40 to 100 °C. In addition, it retained its activity within a pH range of 2–8 during 2 h of incubation, showing higher activity at pH 6. Serine proteases and α-amylase inactivated significantly the antimicrobial activity of AS13, suggesting that the active molecule could most likely be a glycoprotein. These products are interesting for their possible application as biopreservatives in the food industry.
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12
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Zhang Y, Wei J, Guo H, Niu C, Yuan Y, Yue T. Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Cell Membrane Damage of Pseudomonas fragi Induced by Cinnamic Acid. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:796754. [PMID: 35058913 PMCID: PMC8764163 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.796754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamic acid (CA) is a safe and effective antimicrobial agent. The objective of this study was to reveal the antibacterial mechanism of CA against a food-derived Pseudomonas fragi 38-8, from the aspects of bacterial growth kinetics, cell membrane homeostasis, cell microstructure, and transcription. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CA against P. fragi 38-8 was 0.25 mg/ml. CA retarded bacterial growth and induced a series of cell membrane changes. After CA treatment, cell membrane homeostasis was destroyed, which was evidenced by cell membrane depolarization, intracellular pH reduction, and intracellular ATPase activity decrease. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscope (CLSM) realized the visualization of cell microstructure changes, showing cell death and morphological changes, such as cell rupture, shrinkage, and hollowness. RNA sequencing analysis further confirmed the effects of CA to the cell membrane, because of the significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to membrane. The results of the phenotype tests and RNA-seq both focused on cell membrane damage, which showed that CA exerted antibacterial effect mainly by acting on cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianping Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Niu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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13
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Awolope OK, O'Driscoll NH, Di Salvo A, Lamb AJ. De novo genome assembly and analysis unveil biosynthetic and metabolic potentials of Pseudomonas fragi A13BB. BMC Genom Data 2021; 22:15. [PMID: 34006216 PMCID: PMC8132383 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-00969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The role of rhizosphere microbiome in supporting plant growth under biotic stress is well documented. Rhizobacteria ward off phytopathogens through various mechanisms including antibiosis. We sought to recover novel antibiotic-producing bacterial strains from soil samples collected from the rhizosphere. Pseudomonas fragi A13BB was recovered as part of this effort, and the whole genome was sequenced to facilitate mining for potential antibiotic-encoding biosynthetic gene clusters. Data description Here, we report the complete genome sequence of P. fragi A13BB obtained from de novo assembly of Illumina MiSeq and GridION reads. The 4.94 Mb genome consists of a single chromosome with a GC content of 59.40%. Genomic features include 4410 CDSs, 102 RNAs, 3 CRISPR arrays, 3 prophage regions, and 37 predicted genomic islands. Two β-lactone biosynthetic gene clusters were identified; besides, metabolic products of these are known to show antibiotic and/or anticancer properties. A siderophore biosynthetic gene cluster was also identified even though P. fragi is considered a non-siderophore producing pseudomonad. Other gene clusters of broad interest identified include those associated with bioremediation, biocontrol, plant growth promotion, or environmental adaptation. This dataset unveils various un−/underexplored metabolic or biosynthetic potential of P. fragi and provides insight into molecular mechanisms underpinning these attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi K Awolope
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, Scotland
| | - Noelle H O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, Scotland
| | - Alberto Di Salvo
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, Scotland
| | - Andrew J Lamb
- Graduate School, Robert Gordon University, The Ishbel Gordon Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7QE, Scotland.
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14
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Wickramasinghe NN, Ravensdale J, Coorey R, Dykes GA, Chandry PS. Transcriptional profiling of biofilms formed on chilled beef by psychrotrophic meat spoilage bacterium, Pseudomonas fragi 1793. Biofilm 2021; 3:100045. [PMID: 33718862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2021.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fragi is the predominant bacterial species associated with spoiled aerobically stored chilled meat worldwide. It readily forms biofilms on meat under refrigerated temperature conditions used in the meat industry. Biofilm growth leads to slime development on meat which in turn becomes a major quality defect. To understand the genetic regulation that aids P. fragi to survive under chilled conditions used in the meat industry, as well to obtain an overview of the transcriptomic behavior of this organism when grown as biofilms, RNA sequencing was carried out for the main stages of the P. fragi 1793 biofilm. RNA was extracted at different stages of the biofilm cycle namely initiation, maturation and dispersal. At the same time, the biofilm growth was assessed by fluorescent staining and imaging using confocal laser scanning microscope. The results of RNA sequencing were verified by qRT-PCR using twelve genes that were most significantly up and down regulated at each stage. Differential expression analysis at biofilm maturation revealed 332 significantly upregulated genes and 37 downregulated genes relative to initiation. Differential expression analysis at biofilm dispersal reveled 658 upregulated and 275 downregulated genes relative to initiation. During biofilm maturation and dispersal, genes coding for flp family type IVb pilin, ribosome modulation factor, creatininase were the most upregulated genes while genes encoding for iron uptake systems including TonB-dependent siderophore receptor and taurine transport were significantly down regulated. The results show that protein synthesis and cellular multiplication cease after the biofilm population maximum has reached.
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15
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Bahmid NA, Heising J, Fogliano V, Dekker M. Packaging Design Using Mustard Seeds as a Natural Antimicrobial: A Study on Inhibition of Pseudomonas fragi in Liquid Medium. Foods 2020; 9:E789. [PMID: 32560102 PMCID: PMC7353601 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fragi is the dominant spoilage organism in various foods, especially in spoiled milk, fish, and meats. Its growth can be inhibited by releasing allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) from ground mustard seeds in food packages. This paper aims to investigate the antimicrobial potential of ground mustard seeds against P. fragi growth and the effectiveness of released AITC concentration from mustard seeds on microbial inhibition of the spoilage bacteria growing in the liquid medium. The AITC concentration in the headspace and the liquid medium was measured and the growth of P. fragi in the liquid medium was monitored. Depending on the concentration of AITC, not only growth was inhibited but a reduction of the total count of P. fragi was even observed. The inactivation rate (k) of P. fragi was estimated using first-order inactivation kinetics and the minimum gaseous-released AITC to inactivate P. fragi was determined. Higher AITC concentration in the headspace and liquid medium was observed when using a higher amount of ground mustard seeds and a lower food to headspace ratio. Increasing the amount of ground mustard seeds (>100 mg per 10 mL liquid medium) led to full inactivation of P. fragi in 48 hours. By using an inhibition sigmoid Emax model, the minimum gaseous-released AITC for inactivation of P. fragi in 48 hours was observed around 15 µg/L headspace. These results indicate that inhibition of the spoilage bacteria and extending the shelf life using ground mustard seeds is only possible by applying a careful design of the packaging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Alim Bahmid
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (N.A.B.); (J.H.); (V.F.)
- Agriculture and Forestry Faculty, Universitas Sulawesi Barat, Majene 91412, Indonesia
| | - Jenneke Heising
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (N.A.B.); (J.H.); (V.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (N.A.B.); (J.H.); (V.F.)
| | - Matthijs Dekker
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (N.A.B.); (J.H.); (V.F.)
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16
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Wickramasinghe NN, Ravensdale JT, Coorey R, Dykes GA, Scott Chandry P. In situ characterisation of biofilms formed by psychrotrophic meat spoilage pseudomonads. Biofouling 2019; 35:840-855. [PMID: 31558055 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1669021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Psychrotrophic Pseudomonas species form biofilms on meat during refrigerated and temperature abuse conditions. Biofilm growth leads to slime formation on meat which is a key organoleptic degradation characteristic. Limited research has been undertaken characterising biofilms grown on meat during chilled aerobic storage. In this work, biofilms formed by two key meat spoilage organisms, Pseudomonas fragi and Pseudomonas lundensis were studied in situ using five strains from each species. Biofilm structures were studied using confocal microscope images, cellular arrangement, cell counts and biomass quantifications. This work demonstrated that highly dense, compact biofilms are a characteristic of P. fragi strains. P. lundensis formed biofilms with loosely arranged cells. The cells in P. fragi biofilm appear to be vertically oriented whereas this characteristic was absent in P. lundensis biofilms formed under identical conditions. Despite the continued access to nutrients, biofilms formed on meat by proteolytic Pseudomonas species dispersed after a population maximum was reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmani N Wickramasinghe
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua T Ravensdale
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ranil Coorey
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gary A Dykes
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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17
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Fysun O, Schmitt A, Auernhammer PT, Rauschnabel J, Langowski HC. Electrochemical detection of food-spoiling bacteria using interdigitated platinum microelectrodes. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 161:63-70. [PMID: 31022418 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The fast and non-destructive detection of bacterial attachment on food contact surfaces is important for the prevention of the unwanted formation of biofilms. Biofilms constitute a protected growth mode that allows bacteria to survive even in hostile environments. Therefore, the fast detection of bacterial attachment may be an effective strategy for biofilm control. In this study cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to detect Bacillus subtilis ssp. subtilis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pseudomonas fragi attachment on interdigitated microelectrodes. The differences in current between the uncolonized sterile microelectrodes and the microelectrodes after bacterial attachment were determined. In addition, the surface coverage of microelectrodes was visualized using microscopy techniques. The results showed that the cyclic voltammetry in combination with interdigitated platinum microelectrodes can be used to detect bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Fysun
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Robert Bosch Packaging Technology GmbH, Waiblingen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Schmitt
- Robert Bosch Packaging Technology GmbH, Waiblingen, Germany; Faculty of Applied Chemistry, Nuremberg Institute of Technology, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Peter Thomas Auernhammer
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Robert Bosch Packaging Technology GmbH, Waiblingen, Germany
| | | | - Horst-Christian Langowski
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
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18
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Wang G, Ma F, Zeng L, Bai Y, Wang H, Xu X, Zhou G. Modified atmosphere packaging decreased Pseudomonas fragi cell metabolism and extracellular proteolytic activities on meat. Food Microbiol 2018; 76:443-449. [PMID: 30166172 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is considered an effective method for extending the shelf life of meat. The use of optimal mixture of gases (CO2 and N2) in food packaging containers has been proved to effectively inhibit the growth of microorganisms in poultry meat. In general, a minimum CO2 concentration range of 20%-30% is required for the inhibitory effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which MAP (CO2/N2 30%/70%) inhibits Pseudomonas fragi, a dominant spoilage microorganism in aerobically stored chilled meat. The cell physiological changes were determined by measuring membrane integrity, membrane potential, ATP level, and extracellular proteolytic activity. The results showed that samples stored under MA retained cell membrane integrity, but lost significant membrane potential and ATP synthesis activity. Furthermore, the peptides issued from 2 structural proteins (myosin and actin) were mainly identified in air samples, indicating that these fragments result from bacterial proteolytic activity while MAP inhibited this activity. Overall, the study found that cell metabolism and extracellular protease activity decreased under MAP conditions. This study showed that MAP is an effective food preservation strategy and revealed mechanisms by which MAP inhibits spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China
| | - Leyin Zeng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, PR China
| | - Yun Bai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, PR China
| | - Huhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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19
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Wang G, Ma F, Chen X, Han Y, Wang H, Xu X, Zhou G. Transcriptome Analysis of the Global Response of Pseudomonas fragi NMC25 to Modified Atmosphere Packaging Stress. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1277. [PMID: 29942299 PMCID: PMC6004401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fragi is usually isolated from chilled meats in relation to their spoilage, while many studies have shown that the application of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) inhibits the spoilage potential of P. fragi. The effects of MAP on P. fragi NMC25 metabolism were determined in the present study by exposing this organism to different air conditions and comparing the resulting transcriptome profiles. We found 559 differentially expressed genes by RNA-seq, and the results revealed that MAP decreases the expression of genes involved in the electron transport chain (nuoAB), resulting in an inhibition of aerobic respiration. Meanwhile, MAP also induced the downregulation of genes responsible for ATP-binding cassette transporters, flagellar and type I fimbrial proteins, and DNA replication and repair, which may further influence nutrient uptake, motility, and growth. In addition, NMC25 cells modified their pathways for energy production, amino acid synthesis, membrane lipid composition, and other metabolic patterns to adapt to MAP. These data show that P. fragi NMC25 survives under MAP but reduces part of its metabolism related to its spoilage ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqing Han
- Jiangsu Province Physical and Chemical Testing Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Huhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Assur Sanghai Z, Liu Q, Clarke OB, Belcher-Dufrisne M, Wiriyasermkul P, Giese MH, Leal-Pinto E, Kloss B, Tabuso S, Love J, Punta M, Banerjee S, Rajashankar KR, Rost B, Logothetis D, Quick M, Hendrickson WA, Mancia F. Structure-based analysis of CysZ-mediated cellular uptake of sulfate. eLife 2018; 7:27829. [PMID: 29792261 PMCID: PMC5967866 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur, most abundantly found in the environment as sulfate (SO42-), is an essential element in metabolites required by all living cells, including amino acids, co-factors and vitamins. However, current understanding of the cellular delivery of SO42- at the molecular level is limited. CysZ has been described as a SO42- permease, but its sequence family is without known structural precedent. Based on crystallographic structure information, SO42- binding and flux experiments, we provide insight into the molecular mechanism of CysZ-mediated translocation of SO42- across membranes. CysZ structures from three different bacterial species display a hitherto unknown fold and have subunits organized with inverted transmembrane topology. CysZ from Pseudomonas denitrificans assembles as a trimer of antiparallel dimers and the CysZ structures from two other species recapitulate dimers from this assembly. Mutational studies highlight the functional relevance of conserved CysZ residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Assur Sanghai
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Qun Liu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, United States
| | - Oliver B Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Meagan Belcher-Dufrisne
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Pattama Wiriyasermkul
- Center for Molecular Recognition, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - M Hunter Giese
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Edgar Leal-Pinto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | - Brian Kloss
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, United States
| | | | - James Love
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, United States
| | - Marco Punta
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Surajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, NE-CAT, Argonne, United States
| | | | - Burkhard Rost
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diomedes Logothetis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | - Matthias Quick
- Center for Molecular Recognition, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Wayne A Hendrickson
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States.,New York Structural Biology Center, New York, United States
| | - Filippo Mancia
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States
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21
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Stellato G, Utter DR, Voorhis A, De Angelis M, Eren AM, Ercolini D. A Few Pseudomonas Oligotypes Dominate in the Meat and Dairy Processing Environment. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:264. [PMID: 28303120 PMCID: PMC5332365 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of bacteria in the food processing environments plays a key role in food contamination and development of spoilage. Species of the genus Pseudomonas are recognized as major food spoilers and the capability to actually determine spoilage can be species- as well as strain-dependent. In order to improve the taxonomic resolution of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, in this study we used oligotyping to investigate the diversity of Pseudomonas populations in meat and dairy processing environments. Sequences of the V1-V3 regions from previous studies were used, including environmental swabs and food samples from both meat and dairy processing plants. We showed that the most frequently found oligotypes belonged to Pseudomonas fragi and P. fluorescens, that the most abundant oligotypes co-occurred, and were shared between the meat and dairy datasets. All the oligotypes occurring in foods were also identified in the environmental samples of the corresponding plants, highlighting the important role of the environment as a source of strains for food contamination. Oligotypes of the same species showed different levels depending on food processing and type of sample, suggesting that different strains of the same species can have different adaptation efficiency, leading to resilient bacterial associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Stellato
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIPortici, Italy
| | - Daniel R. Utter
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, CambridgeMA, USA
| | - Andy Voorhis
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods HoleMA, USA
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo MoroBari, Italy
| | - A. Murat Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, ChicagoIL, USA
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIPortici, Italy
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Chen W, Hu H, Zhang C, Huang F, Zhang D, Zhang H. Adaptation response of Pseudomonas fragi on refrigerated solid matrix to a moderate electric field. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:32. [PMID: 28187702 PMCID: PMC5303209 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-0945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate electric field (MEF) technology is a promising food preservation strategy since it relies on physical properties-rather than chemical additives-to preserve solid cellular foods during storage. However, the effectiveness of long-term MEF exposure on the psychrotrophic microorganisms responsible for the food spoilage at cool temperatures remains unclear. RESULTS The spoilage-associated psychrotroph Pseudomonas fragi MC16 was obtained from pork samples stored at 7 °C. Continuous MEF treatment attenuated growth and resulted in subsequent adaptation of M16 cultured on nutrient agar plates at 7 °C, compared to the control cultures, as determined by biomass analysis and plating procedures. Moreover, intracellular dehydrogenase activity and ATP levels also indicated an initial effect of MEF treatment followed by cellular recovery, and extracellular β-galactosidase activity assays indicated no obvious changes in cell membrane permeability. Furthermore, microscopic observations using scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that MEF induced sublethal cellular injury during early treatment stages, but no notable changes in morphology or cytology on subsequent days. CONCLUSION Our study provides direct evidence that psychrotrophic P. fragi MC16 cultured on nutrient agar plates at 7 °C are capable of adapting to MEF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
- College of Staple Food Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Harbin, 151900 People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghai Hu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
- College of Staple Food Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Harbin, 151900 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
- College of Staple Food Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Harbin, 151900 People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
- College of Staple Food Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Harbin, 151900 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
- College of Staple Food Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Harbin, 151900 People’s Republic of China
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