Determinants of Public-Private Partnership Adoption in Solid Waste Management in Rural China

Rural solid waste management is a severe challenge in China. The Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is an effective method for rural solid waste management. However, policy efforts aimed at stimulating the adoption of PPP in rural solid waste management have been limited in their success. This study aims to empirically investigate the determinants of rural solid waste management PPP adoption in China. First, this study builds a theoretical model that consists of factors related to the institutional environment and market and proposes theoretical hypotheses. Then, using the balanced provincial panel data of 150 samples from 2015 to 2019, this study applies various count regression models and truncated regression models to empirically test the theoretical hypotheses. The results show that provinces with higher fiscal transparency, financial burdens, and market demand tend to adopt more PPP, while provinces with lower per capita GDP and market openness index ratings have a stronger motivation to initiate more PPP. In contrast, investment institutional environment factors have no impact on PPP adoption. To stimulate the development of PPP in rural solid waste management, this study proposed that a good-governed government and a strong market demand are critical foundations, and also a debt-risk prevention and evaluation system should be established to avoid local debt risks resulting from over-adoption of PPP.

Strategies to develop and promote public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the provision of hospital services in Iran: a qualitative study

Introduction

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have been constructively considered in recent years to reform health sectors in many countries. This study aimed at explaining the strategies to develop and promote PPPs in the provision of hospital services in Iran.

Methods

This qualitative study was conducted in 2015. The study population consisted of experts and professionals of the health system and individuals familiar with PPPs and roles in the development of such models in hospital services in Iran that were selected through purposeful sampling, and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. To this end, 18 experts and professionals of the health system and individuals familiar with PPPs and roles in the development of such models in hospital services in Iran were selected. The data were analyzed and classified using MAXQDA10 software and content analysis, respectively.

Results

According to the results of this study, four main themes and 20 subthemes in terms of strategies to develop and promote PPPs in the provision of hospital services in Iran were identified, including changes in policies and laws, socio-cultural changes, improvement of mechanisms and current processes, and financial and capital capacity building.

Conclusion

To develop and promote PPPs in the provision of hospital services, there is a need to consider prerequisites and measures to help such partnerships to be effective and produce valuable results.

Is provision of healthcare sufficient to ensure better access? An exploration of the scope for public-private partnership in India

BACKGROUND

India's economic growth rate in recent years has been fairly impressive. But, it has been consistently failing to make considerable progress in achieving health related Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets. Lack of coherence between provisions and utilization becomes the face of the problem. Inadequacies in outreach, access and affordability coupled with escalating healthcare costs have aggravated the problem. Here the application of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model seems to have enormous potential to ease the impasse.

METHODS

This paper tries to find the gap between the provisions and access in healthcare. The paper attempts to construct a Health Infrastructure Index (HII) and Health Attainment Index (HAI) for different states of India. Considering the presence of regional variations found in health infrastructure and attainment among the states, two states, viz. Maharashtra (MAH) and West Bengal (WB) have been chosen. Then contributions of health programs like Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY), National Rural Telemedicine Network (NRTN) and Fair Price Shops (FPS), all PPP initiatives, have been assessed for both the states by carrying out comprehensive benefit-cost analysis.

RESULTS

The health infrastructure for population per unit area captures the outreach/delivery issue and the health attainment reveals the true scenario about how far the infrastructure has been accessed by the people; and the gap between the two, as the paper finds, is the root of the problem. The combined effect of RSBY and NRTN will leave both MAH and WB higher benefits in terms of health attainment. The contributions of RSBY and NRTN have been assessed for both the states by carrying out comprehensive benefit-cost analysis. FPS comes up with immense benefits for WB. It is yet to be implemented in MAH.

CONCLUSION

The outreach and access problems arising from deficiencies in infrastructure, human resources and financial ability are expected to be well-addressed by the spread of RSBY and NRTN jointly. The FPS mechanism under PPP initiative can be an effective tool in solving affordability problem by reducing the cost of treatment.