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Li Y, Yu QX, Yau LF, Huang GK, Lu JG, Liu XX, Jiang ZH, Wang JR. Discrimination of Baphicacanthis Cusiae Rhizoma et radix and its adulterant species and establishment of an assay method for quality control. Chin Med 2023; 18:65. [PMID: 37264387 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baphicacanthis Cusiae Rhizoma et Radix, commonly known as Nan-Ban-Lan-Gen (NBLG), is an essential traditional Chinese medicine that possesses diverse bioactivities, particularly noteworthy for its antiviral properties. Although NBLG has been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as an independent Chinese medicine, the establishment of a comprehensive quality standard for NBLG remains elusive. The absence of assay for marker compound in its quality standards has led to the lack of corresponding quality control measures for NBLG-containing preparations, and its discrimination from adulterant species in the market which thereby can significantly impact the efficacy and safety of NBLG-containing products. METHODS Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS) was employed for comprehensive profiling of the chemical constituents of NBLG, the stem of Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek (NBLJ), and the roots of Isatis indigotica Fort. (Bei-Ban-Lan-Gen, BBLG). Additionally, multivariate analysis was conducted to compare the chemical components of NBLG with those of NBLJ and BBLG. Furthermore, we established an optimized and validated HPLC method to obtain the fingerprint of NBLG and quantify the content of 2-benzoxazolinone and acteoside in the samples. RESULTS A total of 73 compounds belonging to six classes were assigned in NBLG, with alkaloids being the most abundant and diverse species. High compositional similarities with significant differences in content were observed between NBLG and NBLJ. Moreover, the chemical profile of BBLG markedly differed from that of NBLG. An informative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of NBLG comprising seven characteristic peaks that can be used for quality assessment was established. Notably, we propose a quality control standard for NBLG, stipulating that the limit of content in dry weight for both 2-benzoxazolinone and acteoside should not be less than 0.010%. CONCLUSION This study provides the most comprehensive chemical information to date on NBLG, offering valuable insights into its authentication and quality control. Our findings highlight the importance of comprehensive chemical profiling to differentiate potential substitutions and adulterations of herbal medicines, particularly when the original source is scarce or unavailable. These results can aid in the development of quality control measures for NBLG-containing preparations, ensuring their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macao, China
| | - Qiong-Xi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macao, China
| | - Lee-Fong Yau
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macao, China
| | - Guo-Kai Huang
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Jing-Guang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macao, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macao, China
| | - Jing-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macao, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Gao FY, Chen HY, Luo YS, Chen JK, Yan L, Zhu JB, Fan GR, Zhou TT. "Q-markers targeted screening" strategy for comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis in fingerprints of Angelica dahurica with chemometric methods. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100162. [PMID: 34825171 PMCID: PMC8604777 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelica dahurica is a famous functional food and herb. To guarantee quality of A. dahurica, a strategy “Q-markers targeted screening” was successfully developed by sufficient extraction of compounds and the targeted screening of qualitative and quantitative markers calculated through chemometric methods based fingerprints. Accelerated solvent extraction was selected due to its prominent advantages exhibiting the maximum extraction yields and varieties of compounds and especially excellent reproducibility (RSD < 1). After extraction, the fingerprints of A. dahuricae samples were established. For the preliminary herb authenticity, the targeted screening of 23 quantitative markers were performed by similarity analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis based on the fingerprints, which were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Subsequently, for further quality control, the targeted screening of nine quantitative markers were done by similarity analysis & linear discriminant analysis, which were determined by LC. Lastly, the strategy was successfully applied to quality assessment of A. dahurica samples.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- ASE, accelerated solvent extraction
- Accelerated solvent extraction
- Angelica dahurica
- BBD, Box-Bohnken Design
- CID, collision-induced-dissociation
- Chemometric analysis
- HCA, hierarchical cluster analysis
- HPLC-PDA-ESI-ITMSn, high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array-electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry
- HRE, heated reflux extraction
- IS, internal standard
- LDA, linear discriminant analysis
- LOD, limits of detection
- LOQ, limits of quantification
- Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- MAE, microwave-assisted extraction
- Q-markers targeted screening
- Qualitative markers
- Quantitative markers
- RSD, relative standard deviation
- RSM, response surface methodology
- S/N, signal-to-noise ratios
- SA, similarity analysis
- TOF, time of fight
- UAME, ultrasonic-assisted microwave extraction
- UE, ultrasonic extraction
- UV, ultra violet
- bergapten (PubChem CID: 2355)
- estazolam (PubChem CID: 3261)
- hydrate oxypeucedanin (PubChem CID: 17536)
- imperatorin (PubChem CID: 10212)
- isoimperatorin (PubChem CID: 68081)
- oxypeucedanin (PubChem CID: 160544)
- phellopterin (PubChem CID: 98608)
- prangenin hydrate (PubChem CID: 129710912)
- xanthotoxin (PubChem CID: 4114)
- xanthotoxol (PubChem CID: 65090)
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Gao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hai-Yan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yu-Sha Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji-Kuai Chen
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lang Yan
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiang-Bo Zhu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guo-Rong Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200025, China.,School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Visser C, Kieser E, Dellimore K, van den Heever D, Smith J. Investigation of the feasibility of non-invasive optical sensors for the quantitative assessment of dehydration. Med Eng Phys 2017; 48:181-7. [PMID: 28734875 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the feasibility of prospectively assessing infant dehydration using four non-invasive, optical sensors based on the quantitative and objective measurement of various clinical markers of dehydration. The sensors were investigated to objectively and unobtrusively assess the hydration state of an infant based on the quantification of capillary refill time (CRT), skin recoil time (SRT), skin temperature profile (STP) and skin tissue hydration by means of infrared spectrometry (ISP). To evaluate the performance of the sensors a clinical study was conducted on a cohort of 10 infants (aged 6-36 months) with acute gastroenteritis. High sensitivity and specificity were exhibited by the sensors, in particular the STP and SRT sensors, when combined into a fusion regression model (sensitivity: 0.90, specificity: 0.78). The SRT and STP sensors and the fusion model all outperformed the commonly used "gold standard" clinical dehydration scales including the Gorelick scale (sensitivity: 0.56, specificity: 0.56), CDS scale (sensitivity: 1.0, specificity: 0.2) and WHO scale (sensitivity: 0.13, specificity: 0.79). These results suggest that objective and quantitative assessment of infant dehydration may be possible using the sensors investigated. However, further evaluation of the sensors on a larger sample population is needed before deploying them in a clinical setting.
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