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Sanches-Silva A, Testai L, Nabavi SF, Battino M, Pandima Devi K, Tejada S, Sureda A, Xu S, Yousefi B, Majidinia M, Russo GL, Efferth T, Nabavi SM, Farzaei MH. Therapeutic potential of polyphenols in cardiovascular diseases: Regulation of mTOR signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104626. [PMID: 31904507 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases comprise of non-communicable disorders that involve the heart and/or blood vessels and have become the leading cause of death worldwide with increased prevalence by age. mTOR is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase which plays a central role in many physiological processes including cardiovascular diseases, and also integrates various proliferative signals, nutrient and energy abundance and stressful situations. mTOR also acts as central regulator during chronic stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and deregulated autophagy which are associated with senescence. Under oxidative stress, mTOR has been reported to exert protective effects regulating apoptosis and autophagy processes and favoring tissue repair. On the other hand, inhibition of mTOR has been suggested to have beneficial effects against atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, and also in extending the lifespan. In this aspect, the use of drugs or natural compounds, which can target mTOR is an interesting approach in order to reduce the number of deaths caused by cardiovascular disease. In the present review, we intend to shed light on the possible effects and molecular mechanism of natural agents like polyphenols via regulating mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sanches-Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal; Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6 - 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy; Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Suowen Xu
- University of Rochester, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Barrington RD, Needs PW, Williamson G, Kroon PA. MK571 inhibits phase-2 conjugation of flavonols by Caco-2/TC7 cells, but does not specifically inhibit their apical efflux. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:193-200. [PMID: 25801004 PMCID: PMC4428793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
MK571 is a multidrug resistance protein-2 (ABCC2, Mrp2) inhibitor and has been widely used to demonstrate the role of Mrp2 in the cellular efflux of drugs, xenobiotics and their conjugates. Numerous reports have described modulation of Caco-2 cellular efflux and transport of flavonoids in the presence of MK571. Since flavonoids are efficiently conjugated by Caco-2/TC7 cells, we investigated the effects of MK571 on the efflux of flavonoid conjugates. The flavonol aglycones kaempferol, quercetin and galangin were efficiently taken up, conjugated and effluxed by Caco-2/TC7 cells. Apically-applied MK571 caused significant reductions in both the apical and basolateral efflux of flavonol conjugates from Caco-2/TC7 monolayers. MK571 did not significantly alter the apical:basolateral efflux ratio for flavonol conjugates, however, which is not consistent with MK571 specifically inhibiting only apical Mrp2. Since MK571 decreased the total amounts of conjugates formed, and increased cellular flavonol aglycone concentrations, we explored the possibility that MK571 also inhibits phase-2 conjugation of flavonols. MK571 dose-dependently inhibited the intracellular biosynthesis of all flavonol glucuronides and sulphates by Caco-2 cells. MK571 significantly inhibited phase-2 conjugation of kaempferol by cell-free extracts of Caco-2, and production of kaempferol-4′-O-glucuronide was competitively inhibited. These data show that MK571, in addition to inhibiting MRP2, is a potential inhibitor of enterocyte phase-2 conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul W Needs
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
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