Christopher A, Olivieri L, Cross R, Ramakrishnan K, Loke YH. 4-Dimensional Flow by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Informs Surgical Planning in Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return.
JACC Case Rep 2020;
2:672-677. [PMID:
34317320 PMCID:
PMC8298784 DOI:
10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.02.012]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Four-dimensional flow cardiac magnetic resonance enhances the visualization of blood flow in a 3-dimensional volume throughout the cardiac cycle, thus dramatically improving visualization of pulmonary venous anatomy by cardiac magnetic resonance. We demonstrate the impact of 4-dimensional flow on diagnosis and surgical planning for partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.).
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