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Sahoglu SG, Kazci YE, Karadogan B, Aydin MS, Nebol A, Turhan MU, Ozturk G, Cagavi E. High-resolution mapping of sensory fibers at the healthy and post-myocardial infarct whole transgenic hearts. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:338-353. [PMID: 36517461 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The sensory nervous system is critical to maintain cardiac function. As opposed to efferent innervation, less is known about cardiac afferents. For this, we mapped the VGLUT2-expressing cardiac afferent fibers of spinal and vagal origin by using the VGLUT2::tdTomato double transgenic mouse as an approach to visualize the whole hearts both at the dorsal and ventral sides. For comparison, we colabeled mixed-sex transgenic hearts with either TUJ1 protein for global cardiac innervation or tyrosine hydroxylase for the sympathetic network at the healthy state or following ischemic injury. Interestingly, the nerve density for global and VGLUT2-expressing afferents was found significantly higher on the dorsal side compared to the ventral side. From the global nerve innervation detected by TUJ1 immunoreactivity, VGLUT2 afferent innervation was detected to be 15-25% of the total network. The detailed characterization of both the atria and the ventricles revealed a remarkable diversity of spinal afferent nerve ending morphologies of flower sprays, intramuscular endings, and end-net branches that innervate distinct anatomical parts of the heart. Using this integrative approach in a chronic myocardial infarct model, we showed a significant increase in hyperinnervation in the form of axonal sprouts for cardiac afferents at the infarct border zone, as well as denervation at distal sites of the ischemic area. The functional and physiological consequences of the abnormal sensory innervation remodeling post-ischemic injury should be further evaluated in future studies regarding their potential contribution to cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevilay Goktas Sahoglu
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Neuroscience Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Enes Kazci
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Neuroscience Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Behnaz Karadogan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serif Aydin
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Nebol
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Medical Biology and Genetics Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ugurcan Turhan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Ozturk
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Cagavi
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Medical Biology and Genetics Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bakina O, Kettenmann H, Nolte C. Microglia form satellites with different neuronal subtypes in the adult murine central nervous system. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1105-1122. [PMID: 35213755 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). In the adult uncompromised CNS, they have a highly ramified morphology and continuously extend and retract their processes. A subpopulation of microglial cells forms close soma-to-soma contacts with neurons and have been termed satellite microglia, yet the role of such interaction is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the distribution of satellite microglia in different areas of the CNS of adult male mice applying transgenic- and immunolabeling of neuronal subtypes and microglia followed by three-dimensional imaging analysis. We quantified satellite microglia associated with GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the somatosensory cortex, striatum, and thalamus; with dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons in the basal forebrain and raphe nucleus, respectively; and with cerebellar Purkinje cell neurons. Satellite microglia in the retina were assessed qualitatively. Microglia form satellites with all neuronal subtypes studied, whereas a preference for a specific neuron subtype was not found. The occurrence and frequency of satellite microglia is determined by the histo-architectural organization of the brain area and the densities of neuronal somata therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bakina
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Christiane Nolte
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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Chachlaki K, Malone SA, Qualls-Creekmore E, Hrabovszky E, Münzberg H, Giacobini P, Ango F, Prevot V. Phenotyping of nNOS neurons in the postnatal and adult female mouse hypothalamus. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3177-3189. [PMID: 28577305 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurons expressing nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) and thus capable of synthesizing NO play major roles in many aspects of brain function. While the heterogeneity of nNOS-expressing neurons has been studied in various brain regions, their phenotype in the hypothalamus remains largely unknown. Here we examined the distribution of cells expressing nNOS in the postnatal and adult female mouse hypothalamus using immunohistochemistry. In both adults and neonates, nNOS was largely restricted to regions of the hypothalamus involved in the control of bodily functions, such as energy balance and reproduction. Labeled cells were found in the paraventricular, ventromedial, and dorsomedial nuclei as well as in the lateral area of the hypothalamus. Intriguingly, nNOS was seen only after the second week of life in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). The most dense and heavily labeled population of cells was found in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OV) and the median preoptic nucleus (MEPO), where most of the somata of the neuroendocrine neurons releasing GnRH and controlling reproduction are located. A great proportion of nNOS-immunoreactive neurons in the OV/MEPO and ARH were seen to express estrogen receptor (ER) α. Notably, almost all ERα-immunoreactive cells of the OV/MEPO also expressed nNOS. Moreover, the use of EYFPVglut2 , EYFPVgat , and GFPGad67 transgenic mouse lines revealed that, like GnRH neurons, most hypothalamic nNOS neurons have a glutamatergic phenotype, except for nNOS neurons of the ARH, which are GABAergic. Altogether, these observations are consistent with the proposed role of nNOS neurons in physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chachlaki
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, U1172, Lille, France.,University of Lille, FHU 1000 days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France
| | - Samuel A Malone
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, U1172, Lille, France.,University of Lille, FHU 1000 days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France
| | - Emily Qualls-Creekmore
- Departments of Central Leptin Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Erik Hrabovszky
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Heike Münzberg
- Departments of Central Leptin Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, U1172, Lille, France.,University of Lille, FHU 1000 days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Ango
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development of GABAergic circuit, IGF, U1191, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, U1172, Lille, France.,University of Lille, FHU 1000 days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France
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