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Li M. Modeling the role of rapport and classroom climate in EMI students' classroom engagement. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 245:104209. [PMID: 38513401 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
With the globalization of education, an increasing number of studies have been carried out in the English as a medium of instruction (EMI) classes. However, as the review of earlier studies revealed, most of the studies have exclusively focused on the challenges and opportunities of this mode of instruction. That is, few investigations have examined students' classroom behaviors and their determinants in EMI courses. More precisely, limited attention has been dedicated to EMI students' classroom engagement and its potential predictors. Accordingly, studying EMI students' classroom engagement and its personal, interpersonal, and situational predictors seems essential. To respond to this necessity, the present research examined the role of rapport and classroom climate in predicting Chinese EMI students' classroom engagement. In doing this, using random sampling strategy, a total of 416 university students was recruited from Chinese EMI classes. To collect the dataset, an online survey comprising three self-report questionnaires was administered to participants. The results of correlation test and multiple regression analysis divulged positive, significant correlations among rapport, classroom climate, and classroom engagement. The analysis outcomes also displayed that rapport and classroom climate were significant predictors of EMI students' classroom engagement. The study outcomes may have some beneficial and insightful implications for all instructors teaching different academic subjects through English.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Li
- School of Foreign Languages, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China.
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2
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Nath Y, Kumar P, Pradeep M. Antecedents of rapport and its mediating role on relational cohesion in patient-physician interaction. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28372. [PMID: 38571579 PMCID: PMC10987995 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing competition in healthcare services, it is imperative that physicians and family-care practitioners seek ways to attract and retain patients. Building relationships with existing patients is one sure way to continued patronage and increased clientele. The purpose of this paper is to examine antecedents of rapport and its influence on perceived relationships in the context of patient-physician interaction. Study using cross-sectional survey method with structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Structural Equation Modeling was used for analyzing the data collected from 326 patients residing in Karnataka, India. The finding suggests that respect, responsibility and understanding have significant influence on relational cohesion with rapport acting as mediating variable. The results add to the empirical validity of the relationship among rapport, respect & relationship, as it is required to understand studied in Indian context. The finding provides new directions for both healthcare professionals and institutions in their endeavor of building relationships with their customers (Patients) by emphasizing the need for developing 'rapport' as an integral part of service interaction. Future research like longitudinal and experimental studies can provide more conclusive evidence regarding the influence of service behaviour on rapport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvaraj Nath
- JSS Centre for Management Studies, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - M.P. Pradeep
- Department of Management Studies, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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3
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Wylie BE, Henderson HM, Lundon GM, Lyon TD. Forensic interviewers' difficulty with the birthday narrative. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 152:106752. [PMID: 38555714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narrative practice increases children's productivity in forensic interviews, and one recommended topic is the child's last birthday, though interviewers have raised concerns about its productivity. STUDY 1 OBJECTIVE: Study 1 surveyed forensic interviewers' use of and attitudes about the birthday narrative. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants included 170 forensic interviewers who subscribed to a webinar promoting use of the birthday narrative (Mage = 43 years, SD = 10.2, 94 % female). RESULTS Over half (55 %) of interviewers reported that they rarely/never asked about children's birthdays, and non-users were especially likely to view the birthday narrative as never/rarely productive. Although interviewers viewed memory difficulties as more likely to occur with the birthday narrative than other practice topics (the child's likes, the child's day), non-users did not view memory difficulties, reluctance, generic reports, or religious objections as especially problematic. Open-ended responses identified negative experiences with the birthday as an additional concern, and interviewers' recommended wording of the prompts suggested suboptimal questioning strategies. STUDY 2 OBJECTIVE: Study 2 assessed the use of the birthday narrative in forensic interviews. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample included 350 forensic interviews with 4- to 12-year-old children (Mage = 8.85, SD = 2.59). RESULTS Only 4 % of children failed to recall substantive information if interviewers persisted, though another 11 % failed when interviewers stopped persisting. Invitations were more effective than other question types, especially among older children. 21 % of children mentioned a negative detail during their narrative. CONCLUSIONS Interviewers' skepticism about the birthday narrative may be due to suboptimal questioning and sensitivity to occasional failures and negative information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne E Wylie
- University of Southern California, Gould School of Law, United States of America.
| | - Hayden M Henderson
- University of Southern California, Gould School of Law, United States of America
| | - Georgia M Lundon
- University of Southern California, Gould School of Law, United States of America
| | - Thomas D Lyon
- University of Southern California, Gould School of Law, United States of America
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English W, Robinson J, Gott M. Rapport: A conceptual definition from the perspective of patients and families receiving palliative care. Patient Educ Couns 2023; 106:120-127. [PMID: 36328826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore patient and family perceptions of rapport in interactions with health professionals and use the findings to develop a conceptual definition of rapport. METHODOLOGY We undertook a qualitative Interpretive Description study; semi-structured interviews were conducted between November 2020 and May 2021. Participants included 18 patients and 11 family members recruited using a random approach from four hospice locations in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analysed to develop a conceptual definition of rapport using guidelines (Podsakoff et al., (2016). A COREQ checklist was completed. RESULTS Four dimensions of rapport were identified which formed the basis of a conceptual definition: 1) the type of relating, 2) the essence of rapport experienced, 3) key communication characteristics, and 4) the effect on interactions. CONCLUSION Based on patient and family experiences of rapport, this study formulated a conceptual definition of rapport. This definition will support clinical education and practice and inform future research related to rapport. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS A conceptual definition of rapport can provide clarity for both research and clinical practice. It may be used as a tool for health professionals to reflect upon their experiences with rapport and develop expertise in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy English
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jackie Robinson
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Merryn Gott
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Dando C, Taylor DA, Caso A, Nahouli Z, Adam C. Interviewing in virtual environments: Towards understanding the impact of rapport-building behaviours and retrieval context on eyewitness memory. Mem Cognit 2023; 51:404-21. [PMID: 36251160 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-022-01362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Given the complexities of episodic memory and necessarily social nature of in-person face-to-face interviews, theoretical and evidence-based techniques for collecting episodic information from witnesses, victims, and survivors champion rapport-building. Rapport is believed to reduce some of the social demands of recalling an experienced event in an interview context, potentially increasing cognitive capacity for remembering. Cognitive and social benefits have also emerged in remote interview contexts with reduced anxiety and social pressure contributing to improved performance. Here, we investigated episodic memory in mock-eyewitness interviews conducted in virtual environments (VE) and in-person face-to-face (FtF), where rapport-building behaviours were either present or absent. Main effects revealed when rapport was present and where interviews were conducted in a VE participants recalled more correct event information, made fewer errors and were more accurate. Moreover, participants in the VE plus rapport-building present condition outperformed participants in all other conditions. Feedback indicated both rapport and environment were important for reducing the social demands of a recall interview, towards supporting effortful remembering. Our results add to the emerging literature on the utility of virtual environments as interview spaces and lend further support to the importance of prosocial behaviours in applied contexts.
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Dion Larivière C, Crough Q, Eastwood J. The Effects of Rapport Building on Information Disclosure in Virtual Interviews. J Police Crim Psychol 2022; 38:452-460. [PMID: 35855723 PMCID: PMC9281184 DOI: 10.1007/s11896-022-09535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapport building has been identified as an effective tool when interviewing victims and witnesses of events that may be sensitive in nature. The objective of this study was to examine the rapport-building process within a virtual interviewing context. Participants (N = 94) were shown a sexual education video and then questioned about the content of the video in a live virtual interview using either a rapport (e.g., empathy, personalization, smiling) or no-rapport (e.g., flat tone, no smiling, no personalization) approach. Results showed that perceived rapport was much higher in the rapport condition compared to the no-rapport condition (d = 1.47). Participants in the rapport condition also provided substantially more dialog (d = 0.85) and reported more accurate details (d = 0.42) in the substantive phase of the interview than those in the no-rapport condition. Implications of this study for investigative interviews conducted virtually will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandre Dion Larivière
- Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Ontario Tech University, 11 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G 4R7 Canada
| | - Quintan Crough
- Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Ontario Tech University, 11 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G 4R7 Canada
| | - Joseph Eastwood
- Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Ontario Tech University, 11 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G 4R7 Canada
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Crawford T, Leask J. A discourse analysis of health provider interactions with parents who are reluctant to vaccinate. Patient Educ Couns 2022; 105:1224-1228. [PMID: 34503870 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccine hesitancy is a persistent barrier to vaccination uptake, and health professionals report interactions with such parents to be difficult. Using discourse analytic techniques, we examine the foundation of a therapeutic relationship: the display of empathy and attempts to build rapport, in consultations between immunisation specialists and vaccine reluctant parents. METHODS Consultations between consenting clinicians and parents in two Specialist Immunisation Clinics in Australia were recorded. Twelve conversations between the clinicians and parents were analysed using interactional sociolinguistic (IS) discourse analytic methods. RESULTS This paper takes a case study approach by citing two interactions that exemplify the interactional work of the consultants as they strive to engender mutual understanding and goodwill, noting examples of discursive choices that demonstrate empathy and the building of rapport. CONCLUSION Awareness of discourse strategies that interweave relational and clinical goals enable a more nuanced understanding of communication skills that support a guiding partnership in vaccine related decisions with parents. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Through highlighting the strategic interactional work that displays empathy and builds rapport, we can inform educational approaches and build a repertoire of communication choices that strengthen the communication skills of health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Crawford
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Julie Leask
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
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Schlechter AD, O'Brien KH, Stewart C. The Positive Assessment: A Model for Integrating Well-Being and Strengths-Based Approaches into the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinical Evaluation. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2019; 28:157-169. [PMID: 30832950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In traditional medical practice, the diagnostic interview is focused on symptom collection, diagnosis, and treatment. The psychiatric interview is based on the medical model, but mental health clinicians lack the tests found in general medicine. Rapport is the most essential tool for the psychiatrist to uncover symptoms and develop a diagnosis and treatment plan. This article brings a scientific lens to the psychiatric interview. Under this microscope the value of eliciting the patient's well-being at the outset of the interview becomes clear. Using positive psychology, an evidenced-based rationale for the positive assessment is outlined and methodology and practice of the assessment reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Daniel Schlechter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Outpatient Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, Bellevue Hospital, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, Child Study Center, 462 First Avenue, Room A244, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Kyle H O'Brien
- Department of Social Work, Southern Connecticut State University, 101 Farnham Avenue, Office 114, New Haven, CT 06515, USA
| | - Colin Stewart
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, School of Medicine, 2115 Wisconsin Avenue Northwest, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Lugo AM, McArdle PE, King ML, Lamphere JC, Peck JA, Beck HJ. Effects of Presession Pairing on Preference for Therapeutic Conditions and Challenging Behavior. Behav Anal Pract 2019; 12:188-193. [PMID: 30918783 PMCID: PMC6411560 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-018-0268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study examined child preference for presession therapeutic conditions. A 4-year-old female diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was exposed to three conditions in a concurrent-chains arrangement: presession pairing (PSP) prior to the onset of discrete-trial instruction (DTI), free play (FP) prior to DTI, or immediate onset of DTI. Initial link selections in the concurrent-chains arrangement suggested a relative preference for the PSP condition across multiple therapists. Negative vocalizations decreased across all conditions following implementation of the concurrent-chains arrangement with no differentiation between therapeutic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Lugo
- Department of Educational Leadership and Counseling, College of Education, Southeast Missouri State University, One University Plaza MS 5575, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 USA
| | - Paige E. McArdle
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Melissa L. King
- University Autism Center, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO USA
| | | | - Janelle A. Peck
- Department of Psychology, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Hanna J. Beck
- Department of Psychology, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
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Ebert KD. Parent perspectives on the clinician-client relationship in speech-language treatment for children. J Commun Disord 2018; 73:25-33. [PMID: 29567464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored clinician-client relationships in speech-language treatment for children, although evidence indicates that these relationships may be important. Parents play a unique role in clinician-client relationships and their views have yet to be considered in the speech-language pathology literature. This study explored parents' perspectives on the clinician-client relationship in speech-language treatment for children using both quantitative and qualitative information. An online survey collected responses from 159 parents with children enrolled in speech-language services. Respondents were asked to complete a rating of the clinician-client relationship, provide information on length of treatment and treatment setting, and respond to open-ended questions about what enhances the clinician-client relationship. Length of treatment was unrelated to the parent rating of the clinician-client relationship. However, ratings did vary by treatment setting; parents of children enrolled in treatment services in schools provided lower ratings than parents with children enrolled in other settings. Thematic analysis of parent views on what enhances the clinician-client relationship yielded four main themes: qualities of the speech-language pathologist (SLP), session characteristics, the child-SLP bond, and communication. The most frequent subthemes in the analysis related to characteristics of the sessions: the integration of play and fun, and a child-oriented approach to sessions. These results provide insight into the development of clinician-client relationships in children's speech-language treatment, with implications for both clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Danahy Ebert
- Rush University, 1016D Armour Academic Center, 600 S. Paulina St., Chicago, IL, 60612, United States.
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Abstract
Rapport is a primary component in the development of a therapeutic relationship between health-service professionals and clients. Presession pairing is a procedure often recommended in behavior analytic practice to build rapport with clients. However, many service providers may not exhibit presession pairing skills correctly or at a sufficient rate. The current study aimed to operationally define therapist behaviors that are indicative of presession pairing and to train direct care staff to implement said skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Lugo
- Saint Louis University, 3550 Lindell Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63103 USA
| | - Melissa L. King
- Southeast Missouri State University, University Autism Center; 611 N Fountain St, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 USA
| | - John C. Lamphere
- Little Leaves Behavioral Services, 9545 Georgia Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Paige E. McArdle
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Munroe-Meyer Institute, 985450 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5450 USA
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Henry SG, Penner LA, Eggly S. Associations between thin slice ratings of affect and rapport and perceived patient-centeredness in primary care: Comparison of audio and video recordings. Patient Educ Couns 2017; 100:1128-1135. [PMID: 28087212 PMCID: PMC5410186 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between ratings of "thin slices" from recorded clinic visits and perceived patient-centeredness; to compare ratings from video recordings (sound and images) versus audio recordings (sound only). METHODS We analyzed 133 video-recorded primary care visits and patient perceptions of patient-centeredness. Observers rated thirty-second thin slices on variables assessing patient affect, physician affect, and patient-physician rapport. Video and audio ratings were collected independently. RESULTS In multivariable analyses, ratings of physician positive affect (but not patient positive affect) were significantly positively associated with perceived patient-centeredness using both video and audio thin slices. Patient-physician rapport was significantly positively associated with perceived patient-centeredness using audio, but not video thin slices. Ratings from video and audio thin slices were highly correlated and had similar underlying factor structures. CONCLUSION Physician (but not patient) positive affect is significantly associated with perceptions of patient-centeredness and can be measured reliably using either video or audio thin slices. Additional studies are needed to determine whether ratings of patient-physician rapport are associated with perceived patient-centeredness. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Observer ratings of physician positive affect have a meaningful positive association with patients' perceptions of patient-centeredness. Patients appear to be highly attuned to physician positive affect during patient-physician interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Henry
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA.
| | - Louis A Penner
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, USA
| | - Susan Eggly
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, USA
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Société Francophone de Néphrologie Dialyse Et Transplantation. [Report on chronic dialysis in France in 2016]. Nephrol Ther 2017; 13:105-26. [PMID: 28284824 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The report on dialysis in France in 2016 from the French Speaking Society of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation (SFNDT) provides an exhaustive and documented inventory on dialysis in France. It underlines the organizations that are important in 2016 to maintain a high quality dialysis. Several measures are proposed to maintain and improve the care of dialysis in France: (1) The regulation of dialysis treatment in France must be maintained; (2) a burden of care indicator is proposed to ensure that patients requiring the most care are treated in the centers. Proposals are also made to stimulate peritoneal dialysis offers, (3) to improve the calculation of the cost of dialysis and warn against lower reimbursement rates of dialysis, (4) to reduce transport costs by minimizing transport by ambulance (5). The SFNDT recalls recent recommendations concerning access to the renal transplant waiting list, are recalled; (6) as well as recommendations that require waiting until clinical signs are present to start dialysis (7). The SFNDT makes the proposal to set up advanced renal failure units. These units are expected to develop care that is not supported today: consultation with a nurse, a dietician, a social worker or psychologist, palliative care, and coordination (8). Finally, the financial and human resources for pediatric dialysis should be maintained.
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Abstract
This article explores the presence of trauma and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSI) in transgender people. We explore the prevalence of trauma and NSI in transgender people, the ways in which these clinical concerns manifest across the lifespan, and special considerations for assessment and treatment. The article concludes by describing the importance of developing a strong rapport with clients and the concept of reasonably well-controlled cooccurring mental health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore M Dickey
- Department of Educational Psychology, Northern Arizona University, 801 South Knoles Drive, Building 27A, Room 110, PO Box 5774, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5774, USA.
| | - Anneliese A Singh
- Department of Counseling & Human Development Services, The University of Georgia, 402 Aderhold Hall, Athens, GA 30602-7142, USA
| | - Daniel Walinsky
- Psychology Department, Salem State University, 352 Lafayette Street, Salem, MA 0970, USA
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Kromme NMH, Ahaus CTB, Gans ROB, van de Wiel HBM. 'It just has to click': Internists' views of: what constitutes productive interactions with chronically ill patients. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:191. [PMID: 27233772 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background According to the Chronic Care Model, productive interactions are crucial to patient outcomes. Despite productive interactions being at the heart of the Model, however, it is unclear what constitutes such an interaction. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of physician views of productive interactions with the chronically ill. Method We conducted a qualitative study and interviewed 20 internists working in an academic hospital. The data were analyzed using a constructivist approach of grounded theory. To categorize the data, a coding process within which a code list was developed and tested with two other coders was conducted. Results The participants engaged in goal-directed reasoning when reflecting on productive interactions. This resulted in the identification of four goal orientations: (a) health outcome; (b) satisfaction; (c) medical process; and (d) collaboration. Collaboration appeared to be conditional for reaching medical process goals and ultimately health outcome and satisfaction goals. Achieving rapport with the patient (‘clicking,’ in the term of the participants) was found to be a key condition that catalyzed collaboration goals. Clicking appeared to be seen as a somewhat unpredictable phenomenon that might or might not emerge, which one had to accept and work with. Goal orientations were found to be related to the specific medical context (i.e., a participant’s subspecialty and the nature of a patient’s complaint). Conclusions The participants viewed a productive interaction as essentially goal-directed, catalyzed by the two parties clicking, and dependent on the nature of a patient’s complaint. Using the findings, we developed a conceptual process model with the four goal orientations as wheels and with clicking in the center as a flywheel. Because clicking was viewed as important, but somewhat unpredictable, teaching physicians how to click, while taking account of the medical context, may warrant greater attention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1430-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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McHale JP, Salman-Engin S, Coovert MD. Improvements in Unmarried African American Parents' Rapport, Communication, and Problem-Solving Following a Prenatal Coparenting Intervention. Fam Process 2015; 54:619-29. [PMID: 25754186 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This report examines effects of a coparenting intervention designed for and delivered to expectant unmarried African American mothers and fathers on observed interaction dynamics known to predict relationship adjustment. Twenty families took part in the six-session "Figuring It Out for the Child" (FIOC) dyadic intervention offered in a faith-based human services agency during the third trimester of the mother's pregnancy, and completed a postpartum booster session 1 month after the baby's arrival. Parent referrals for the FIOC program were received from a county Health Department and from OBGYNs and Pregnancy Centers in the targeted community. All intervention sessions were delivered by a trained male-female paraprofessional team whose fidelity to the FIOC manualized curriculum was independently evaluated by a team of trained analysts. At both the point of intake ("PRE") and again at an exit evaluation completed 3 months postpartum ("POST"), the mothers and fathers were videotaped as they completed two standardized "revealed differences" conflict discussions. Blinded videotapes of these sessions were evaluated using the System for Coding Interactions in Dyads. Analyses documented statistically significant improvements on 8 of 12 variables examined, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to large. Overall, 14 families demonstrated beneficial outcomes, 3 did not improve, and 3 showed some signs of decline from the point of intake. For most interaction processes, PRE to POST improvements were unrelated to degree of adherence the paraprofessional interventionists showed to the curriculum. However, better interventionist competence was related to decreases in partners' Coerciveness and Negativity and Conflict, and to smaller increases in partner Withdrawal. Implications of the work for development and delivery of community-based coparenting interventions for unmarried parents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P McHale
- University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL
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Abstract
Systematic clinical radiotherapy audits have been introduced in Belgium in 2011, as part of the Federal Cancer Plan. This is in compliance with article 11 of the 97/43 Council directive of Euratom states, translated into the Belgian legislation by royal decree in 2002. The principle of clinical audits has thus been part of the federal legal requirements for more than 10 years. However, its application had to wait for the development of a practical approach: what authority will audit, who will be the auditors, along which methodology, at what frequency, etc. Since 2002, the Federal College of Radiotherapy has the mission to monitor quality of radiotherapy at large. It was therefore decided after discussions with the relevant administration at the Ministry of Health and the Federal Agency for Nuclear Control that the College would practically organise the audits. Early in the 2000s, the IAEA developed a manual for comprehensive audits, as a tool for quality improvement. Auditors were professionals of the domain and the audit visit took the form of a peer review. Great care was taken to assemble an audit party able to cover all aspects of clinical radiotherapy with a radiation oncologist, a medical physicist, a radiation therapist and, on demand, a quality officer. The IAEA manual contains a series of questionnaires to be prepared by the audited centre in advance (pre-audit and self-assessment), indicating what specific areas the auditors would assess. It is also a template for the auditors, ensuring that no area is left aside or forgotten during the site visit. The report, at the end of the visit, is drafted according to a specific report template, also developed by IAEA. Several members of the Belgian radiotherapy community have developed their auditor's skills by participating to the IAEA audit program; they are the core of the auditor Belgian team.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G M Scalliet
- Service de radiothérapie oncologique, cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, université catholique de Louvain, 10, avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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18
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Barigou M, Ah-Kang F, Orloff E, Amar J, Chamontin B, Bouhanick B. Effect of postural changes on aldosterone to plasma renin ratio in patients with suspected secondary hypertension. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2015; 64:169-174. [PMID: 26051856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To study the influence of postural changes on aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) in patients with suspected secondary hypertension and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the recommended seated ARR compared to supine and upright ARR for primary aldosteronism screening. METHODS Fifty-three hypertensive patients were prospectively hospitalized for secondary hypertension exploration (age: 51 ± 12, 66% males). After withdrawal of drugs interfering with renin angiotensin system, plasma aldosterone and direct renin concentration were measured in the morning, at bed after an overnight supine position, then out of bed after 1 hour of upright position and finally 2 hours later after 15 minutes of seating. Minimal renin value was set at 5 μUI/mL. RESULTS Referring to ARR cut-off of 23 pg/μUI, the sensitivity of seated ARR was 57.1% and specificity was 92.3%. The negative and positive predictive values were 95.1% and 45.2% respectively. Compared to these results, a cut-off of 19 improved sensitivity to 85.7% with a specificity of 89.7%. Negative and positive predictive values were 98.3% and 41.1% respectively. Seated ARR mean value was lower than supine and upright ARR mean values, due to an overall increase in renin at seating compared to the supine position by factor 1.9 while aldosterone just slightly increased by factor 1.2. Seated ARR correlated to supine and upright ARR: correlation coefficients (r) 0.90 and 0.93 respectively (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Current recommended measurement of ARR in the seating position is fairly correlated to supine and upright ARR. A suggested cut-off value of 19 instead of 23 pg/μUI increased the discriminating power of this test.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barigou
- Pôle cardiovasculaire et métabolique, service de médecine interne et hypertension artérielle, hôpital Rangueil, 1, avenue du Professeur-Jean-Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - F Ah-Kang
- Pôle cardiovasculaire et métabolique, service de médecine interne et hypertension artérielle, hôpital Rangueil, 1, avenue du Professeur-Jean-Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - E Orloff
- Pôle cardiovasculaire et métabolique, service de médecine interne et hypertension artérielle, hôpital Rangueil, 1, avenue du Professeur-Jean-Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - J Amar
- Pôle cardiovasculaire et métabolique, service de médecine interne et hypertension artérielle, hôpital Rangueil, 1, avenue du Professeur-Jean-Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - B Chamontin
- Pôle cardiovasculaire et métabolique, service de médecine interne et hypertension artérielle, hôpital Rangueil, 1, avenue du Professeur-Jean-Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - B Bouhanick
- Pôle cardiovasculaire et métabolique, service de médecine interne et hypertension artérielle, hôpital Rangueil, 1, avenue du Professeur-Jean-Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
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19
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Lelorain S, Brédart A, Dolbeault S, Cano A, Bonnaud-Antignac A, Cousson-Gélie F, Sultan S. How does a physician's accurate understanding of a cancer patient's unmet needs contribute to patient perception of physician empathy? Patient Educ Couns 2015; 98:734-741. [PMID: 25817423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unmet supportive care needs of patients decrease patient perception of physician empathy (PE). We explored whether the accurate physician understanding of a given patient's unmet needs (AU), could buffer the adverse effect of these unmet needs on PE. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, 28 physicians and 201 metastatic cancer patients independently assessed the unmet supportive care needs of patients. AU was calculated as the sum of items for which physicians correctly rated the level of patient needs. PE and covariates were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Multilevel analyses were carried out. RESULTS AU did not directly affect PE but acted as a moderator. When patients were highly expressive and when physicians perceived poor rapport with the patient, a high AU moderated the adverse effect of patient unmet needs on PE. CONCLUSION Physician AU has the power to protect the doctor-patient relationship in spite of high patient unmet needs, but only in certain conditions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Physicians should be encouraged toward AU but warned that high rapport and patient low emotional expression may impede an accurate reading of patients. In this latter case, they should request a formal assessment of their patients' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lelorain
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Department of Psychology, Lille, France; UDL3, SCALab UMR CNRS 9193, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Anne Brédart
- Institut Curie, Psycho-oncology Unit, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, LPPS EA 4057-IUPDP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Sylvie Dolbeault
- Institut Curie, Psycho-oncology Unit, Paris, France; Inserm, U 669, Paris, France; Univ Paris-Sud and Univ Paris Descartes, UMR-S0669, Paris, France
| | | | - Angélique Bonnaud-Antignac
- University of Nantes, EA4275 SPHERE 'bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research', Nantes, France
| | - Florence Cousson-Gélie
- University of Montpellier 3, Laboratory Epsylon 'Dynamics of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors', Montpellier, France; ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Epidaure Prevention and Education Cancer Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Sultan
- University of Montreal, Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
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Abstract
When developing household surveys, much emphasis is understandably placed on developing survey instruments that can elicit accurate and comparable responses. In order to ensure that carefully crafted questions are not undermined by ‘interviewer effects’, standardised interviewing tends to be utilised in preference to conversational techniques. However, by drawing on a behaviour coding analysis of survey paradata arising from the 2012 UK Poverty and Social Exclusion Survey we show that in practice standardised survey interviewing often involves extensive unscripted conversation between the interviewer and the respondent. Whilst these interactions can enhance response accuracy, cooperation and ethicality, unscripted conversations can also be problematic in terms of survey reliability and the ethical conduct of survey interviews, as well as raising more basic epistemological questions concerning the degree of standardisation typically assumed within survey research. We conclude that better training in conversational techniques is necessary, even when applying standardised interviewing methodologies. We also draw out some theoretical implications regarding the usefulness of the qualitative–quantitative dichotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bell
- School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8, Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ UK
| | - Eldin Fahmy
- School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8, Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ UK
| | - David Gordon
- School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8, Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ UK
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Abstract
This study examines the impact of likability on memory accuracy and memory conformity between two previously unacquainted individuals. After viewing a crime, eyewitnesses often talk to one another and may find each other likable or dislikable. One hundred twenty-seven undergraduate students arrived at the laboratory with an unknown confederate and were assigned to a likability condition (i.e., control, likable or dislikable). Together, the pair viewed pictures and was then tested on their memory for those pictures in such a way that the participant knew the confederate's response. Thus, the participant's response could be influenced both by his or her own memory and by the answers of the confederate. Participants in the likable condition were more accurate and less influenced by the confederate, compared with the other conditions. Results are discussed in relation to research that shows people are more influenced by friends than strangers and in relation to establishing positive rapport in forensic interviewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Kieckhaefer
- a Department of Psychology , Florida International University , Miami , FL , USA
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22
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Lelorain S, Brédart A, Dolbeault S, Cano A, Bonnaud-Antignac A, Cousson-Gélie F, Sultan S. How can we explain physician accuracy in assessing patient distress? A multilevel analysis in patients with advanced cancer. Patient Educ Couns 2014; 94:322-327. [PMID: 24315158 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the determinants of the accuracy with which physicians assess metastatic cancer patient distress, also referred to as their empathic accuracy (EA). Hypothesized determinants were physician empathic attitude, self-efficacy in empathic skills, physician-perceived rapport with the patient, patient distress and patient expressive suppression. METHODS Twenty-eight physicians assessed their patients' distress level on the distress thermometer, while patients (N=201) independently rated their distress level on the same tool. EA was the difference between both scores in absolute value. Hypothesized determinants were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Multilevel analyses were carried out. RESULTS Little of the variance in EA was explained by physician variables. EA was higher with higher levels of patient distress. Physician-perceived quality of rapport was positively associated with EA. However, for highly distressed patients, good rapport was associated with lower EA. Patient expressive suppression was also related to lower EA. CONCLUSION This study adds to the understanding of EA in oncological settings, particularly in challenging the common assumption that EA depends largely on physician characteristics or that better rapport would always favor higher EA. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Physicians should ask patients for feedback regarding their emotions. In parallel, patients should be prompted to express their concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lelorain
- University of Lille Nord de France, Department of Psychology, Lille, France; UDL3, URECA, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Anne Brédart
- Institut Curie, Psycho-oncology Unit, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, LPPS EA 4057 - IUPDP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Sylvie Dolbeault
- Institut Curie, Psycho-oncology Unit, Paris, France; Inserm, U 669, Paris, France; Universtity of Paris-Sud and University of Paris Descartes, UMR-S0669, Paris, France
| | | | - Angélique Bonnaud-Antignac
- University of Nantes, EA4275 SPHERE 'bioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research', Nantes, France
| | - Florence Cousson-Gélie
- University of Montpellier 3, Laboratory Epsylon 'Dynamics of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors', Montpellier, France; ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Epidaure Prevention and Education Cancer Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Sultan
- University of Montreal, Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
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