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Kuromiya K, Aoki K, Ishibashi K, Yotabun M, Sekai M, Tanimura N, Iijima S, Ishikawa S, Kamasaki T, Akieda Y, Ishitani T, Hayashi T, Toda S, Yokoyama K, Lee CG, Usami I, Inoue H, Takigawa I, Gauquelin E, Sugimura K, Hino N, Fujita Y. Calcium sparks enhance the tissue fluidity within epithelial layers and promote apical extrusion of transformed cells. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111078. [PMID: 35830802 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, newly emerging transformed cells are often apically extruded from epithelial layers through cell competition with surrounding normal epithelial cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, using phospho-SILAC screening, we show that phosphorylation of AHNAK2 is elevated in normal cells neighboring RasV12 cells soon after the induction of RasV12 expression, which is mediated by calcium-dependent protein kinase C. In addition, transient upsurges of intracellular calcium, which we call calcium sparks, frequently occur in normal cells neighboring RasV12 cells, which are mediated by mechanosensitive calcium channel TRPC1 upon membrane stretching. Calcium sparks then enhance cell movements of both normal and RasV12 cells through phosphorylation of AHNAK2 and promote apical extrusion. Moreover, comparable calcium sparks positively regulate apical extrusion of RasV12-transformed cells in zebrafish larvae as well. Hence, calcium sparks play a crucial role in the elimination of transformed cells at the early phase of cell competition.
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2
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Shirai T, Sekai M, Kozawa K, Sato N, Tanimura N, Kon S, Matsumoto T, Murakami T, Ito S, Tilston-Lunel A, Varelas X, Fujita Y. Basal extrusion of single-oncogenic mutant cells induces dome-like structures with altered microenvironments. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3710-3721. [PMID: 35816400 PMCID: PMC9633292 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
At the initial stage of carcinogenesis, oncogenic transformation occurs in single cells within epithelial layers. However, the behavior and fate of the newly emerging transformed cells remain enigmatic. Here, using originally established mouse models, we investigate the fate of RasV12‐transformed cells that appear in a mosaic manner within epithelial tissues. In the lung bronchial epithelium, most majority of RasV12‐transformed cells are apically extruded, whereas noneliminated RasV12 cells are often basally delaminated leading to various noncell‐autonomous changes in surrounding environments; macrophages and activated fibroblasts are accumulated, and normal epithelial cells overlying RasV12 cells overproliferate and form a convex multilayer, which is termed a ‘dome‐like structure’. In addition, basally extruded RasV12 cells acquire certain features of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, the expression of COX‐2 is profoundly elevated in RasV12 cells in dome‐like structures, and treatment with the COX inhibitor ibuprofen suppresses the recruitment of activated fibroblasts and moderately diminishes the formation of dome‐like structures. Therefore, basal extrusion of single‐oncogenic mutant cells can induce a tumor microenvironment and EMT and generate characteristic precancerous lesions, providing molecular insights into the earlier steps of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Shirai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miho Sekai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nanami Sato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanimura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kon
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsumoto
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeru Murakami
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoko Ito
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Andrew Tilston-Lunel
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
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3
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Mori Y, Shiratsuchi N, Sato N, Chaya A, Tanimura N, Ishikawa S, Kato M, Kameda I, Kon S, Haraoka Y, Ishitani T, Fujita Y. Extracellular ATP facilitates cell extrusion from epithelial layers mediated by cell competition or apoptosis. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2144-2159.e5. [PMID: 35417667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For the maintenance of epithelial homeostasis, various aberrant or dysfunctional cells are actively eliminated from epithelial layers. This cell extrusion process mainly falls into two modes: cell-competition-mediated extrusion and apoptotic extrusion. However, it is not clearly understood whether and how these processes are governed by common molecular mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrate that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are elevated within a wide range of epithelial layers around extruding transformed or apoptotic cells. The downregulation of ROS suppresses the extrusion process. Furthermore, ATP is extracellularly secreted from extruding cells, which promotes the ROS level and cell extrusion. Moreover, the extracellular ATP and ROS pathways positively regulate the polarized movements of surrounding cells toward extruding cells in both cell-competition-mediated and apoptotic extrusion. Hence, extracellular ATP acts as an "extrude me" signal and plays a prevalent role in cell extrusion, thereby sustaining epithelial homeostasis and preventing pathological conditions or disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mori
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Naoka Shiratsuchi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nanami Sato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Azusa Chaya
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanimura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Mugihiko Kato
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ikumi Kameda
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kon
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yukinari Haraoka
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.
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4
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Kohashi K, Mori Y, Narumi R, Kozawa K, Kamasaki T, Ishikawa S, Kajita M, Kobayashi R, Tamori Y, Fujita Y. Sequential oncogenic mutations influence cell competition. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3984-3995.e5. [PMID: 34314674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
At the initial stage of carcinogenesis, newly emerging transformed cells are often eliminated from epithelial layers via cell competition with the surrounding normal cells. For instance, when surrounded by normal cells, oncoprotein RasV12-transformed cells are extruded into the apical lumen of epithelia. During cancer development, multiple oncogenic mutations accumulate within epithelial tissues. However, it remains elusive whether and how cell competition is also involved in this process. In this study, using a mammalian cell culture model system, we have investigated what happens upon the consecutive mutations of Ras and tumor suppressor protein Scribble. When Ras mutation occurs under the Scribble-knockdown background, apical extrusion of Scribble/Ras double-mutant cells is strongly diminished. In addition, at the boundary with Scribble/Ras cells, Scribble-knockdown cells frequently undergo apoptosis and are actively engulfed by the neighboring Scribble/Ras cells. The comparable apoptosis and engulfment phenotypes are also observed in Drosophila epithelial tissues between Scribble/Ras double-mutant and Scribble single-mutant cells. Furthermore, mitochondrial membrane potential is enhanced in Scribble/Ras cells, causing the increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Suppression of mitochondrial membrane potential or ROS production diminishes apoptosis and engulfment of the surrounding Scribble-knockdown cells, indicating that mitochondrial metabolism plays a key role in the competitive interaction between double- and single-mutant cells. Moreover, mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) acts downstream of these processes. These results imply that sequential oncogenic mutations can profoundly influence cell competition, a transition from loser to winner. Further studies would open new avenues for cell competition-based cancer treatment, thereby blocking clonal expansion of more malignant populations within tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kohashi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mori
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rika Narumi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kamasaki
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mihoko Kajita
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rei Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Tamori
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan.
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5
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Kozawa K, Sekai M, Ohba K, Ito S, Sako H, Maruyama T, Kakeno M, Shirai T, Kuromiya K, Kamasaki T, Kohashi K, Tanaka S, Ishikawa S, Sato N, Asano S, Suzuki H, Tanimura N, Mukai Y, Gotoh N, Tanino M, Tanaka S, Natsuga K, Soga T, Nakamura T, Yabuta Y, Saitou M, Ito T, Matsuura K, Tsunoda M, Kikumori T, Iida T, Mizutani Y, Miyai Y, Kaibuchi K, Enomoto A, Fujita Y. The CD44/COL17A1 pathway promotes the formation of multilayered, transformed epithelia. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3086-3097.e7. [PMID: 34087104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
At the early stage of cancer development, oncogenic mutations often cause multilayered epithelial structures. However, the underlying molecular mechanism still remains enigmatic. By performing a series of screenings targeting plasma membrane proteins, we have found that collagen XVII (COL17A1) and CD44 accumulate in RasV12-, Src-, or ErbB2-transformed epithelial cells. In addition, the expression of COL17A1 and CD44 is also regulated by cell density and upon apical cell extrusion. We further demonstrate that the expression of COL17A1 and CD44 is profoundly upregulated at the upper layers of multilayered, transformed epithelia in vitro and in vivo. The accumulated COL17A1 and CD44 suppress mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The diminished intracellular ROS level then promotes resistance against ferroptosis-mediated cell death upon cell extrusion, thereby positively regulating the formation of multilayered structures. To further understand the functional role of COL17A1, we performed comprehensive metabolome analysis and compared intracellular metabolites between RasV12 and COL17A1-knockout RasV12 cells. The data imply that COL17A1 regulates the metabolic pathway from the GABA shunt to mitochondrial complex I through succinate, thereby suppressing the ROS production. Moreover, we demonstrate that CD44 regulates membrane accumulation of COL17A1 in multilayered structures. These results suggest that CD44 and COL17A1 are crucial regulators for the clonal expansion of transformed cells within multilayered epithelia, thus being potential targets for early diagnosis and preventive treatment for precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kozawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miho Sekai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohba
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoko Ito
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sako
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Maruyama
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mai Kakeno
- KAN Research Institute, Inc., Kobe, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Shirai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuromiya
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kamasaki
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koki Kohashi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nanami Sato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shota Asano
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanimura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Gotoh
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mishie Tanino
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yabuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Division of Cell Fate Dynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenkyo Matsuura
- Division of Cell Fate Dynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsunoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyone Kikumori
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Iida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science (ICMS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sapporo, Japan.
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Chen D, Roychowdhury-Sinha A, Prakash P, Lan X, Fan W, Goto A, Hoffmann JA. A time course transcriptomic analysis of host and injected oncogenic cells reveals new aspects of Drosophila immune defenses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2100825118. [PMID: 33737397 PMCID: PMC8000351 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100825118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic RasV12 cells [A. Simcox et al., PLoS Genet 4, e1000142 (2008)] injected into adult males proliferated massively after a lag period of several days, and led to the demise of the flies after 2 to 3 wk. The injection induced an early massive transcriptomic response that, unexpectedly, included more than 100 genes encoding chemoreceptors of various families. The kinetics of induction and the identities of the induced genes differed markedly from the responses generated by injections of microbes. Subsequently, hundreds of genes were up-regulated, attesting to intense catabolic activities in the flies, active tracheogenesis, and cuticulogenesis, as well as stress and inflammation-type responses. At 11 d after the injections, GFP-positive oncogenic cells isolated from the host flies exhibited a markedly different transcriptomic profile from that of the host and distinct from that at the time of their injection, including in particular up-regulated expression of genes typical for cells engaged in the classical antimicrobial response of Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China;
- Insect Models of Innate Immunity (M3I; UPR9022), CNRS, University of Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Pragya Prakash
- Insect Models of Innate Immunity (M3I; UPR9022), CNRS, University of Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Xiao Lan
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Fan
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China
| | - Akira Goto
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China;
- Insect Models of Innate Immunity (M3I; UPR9022), CNRS, University of Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jules A Hoffmann
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436 Guangzhou, China;
- Insect Models of Innate Immunity (M3I; UPR9022), CNRS, University of Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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7
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Sasaki A, Nagatake T, Egami R, Gu G, Takigawa I, Ikeda W, Nakatani T, Kunisawa J, Fujita Y. Obesity Suppresses Cell-Competition-Mediated Apical Elimination of RasV12-Transformed Cells from Epithelial Tissues. Cell Rep. 2018;23:974-982. [PMID: 29694905 PMCID: PMC6314181 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that newly emerging transformed cells are often eliminated from epithelial tissues via cell competition with the surrounding normal epithelial cells. This cancer preventive phenomenon is termed epithelial defense against cancer (EDAC). However, it remains largely unknown whether and how EDAC is diminished during carcinogenesis. In this study, using a cell competition mouse model, we show that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding substantially attenuates the frequency of apical elimination of RasV12-transformed cells from intestinal and pancreatic epithelia. This process involves both lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, aspirin treatment significantly facilitates eradication of transformed cells from the epithelial tissues in HFD-fed mice. Thus, our work demonstrates that obesity can profoundly influence competitive interaction between normal and transformed cells, providing insights into cell competition and cancer preventive medicine. Sasaki et al. demonstrate using a cell competition mouse model that high-fat diet feeding substantially attenuates the frequency of apical elimination of RasV12-transformed cells from intestinal and pancreatic epithelia. These results indicate that obesity can profoundly influence competitive interaction between normal and transformed cells at the initial stage of carcinogenesis.
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8
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Abstract
Epithelial cells expressing oncogenic Ras (RasV12) are detected by normal neighbors and are often extruded from tissues. We recently demonstrated that differential EphA2 signaling drives the segregation of mutant cells from normal monolayers via cell repulsion and increased RasV12 cell contractility. EphA2 signaling on RasV12 cells is triggered by ephrin-A ligands presented by normal cells. Here, we show that normal epithelial cells trigger the repulsion and enhanced contractility of Ras-transformed epithelial cells at the single cell level. We also reveal that ephrin-A ligands expressed on RasV12 cells are not required to drive RasV12 cell segregation following interaction with normal cells. Thus, normal-RasV12 cell-cell interaction triggers EphA2 forward signaling in RasV12 cells to drive repulsion and segregation of the transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hill
- a European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Catherine Hogan
- a European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
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9
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Saitoh S, Maruyama T, Yako Y, Kajita M, Fujioka Y, Ohba Y, Kasai N, Sugama N, Kon S, Ishikawa S, Hayashi T, Yamazaki T, Tada M, Fujita Y. Rab5-regulated endocytosis plays a crucial role in apical extrusion of transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2327-36. [PMID: 28270608 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602349114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging transformed cells are often eliminated from epithelial tissues. Recent studies have revealed that this cancer-preventive process involves the interaction with the surrounding normal epithelial cells; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. In this study, using mammalian cell culture and zebrafish embryo systems, we have elucidated the functional involvement of endocytosis in the elimination of RasV12-transformed cells. First, we show that Rab5, a crucial regulator of endocytosis, is accumulated in RasV12-transformed cells that are surrounded by normal epithelial cells, which is accompanied by up-regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Addition of chlorpromazine or coexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of Rab5 suppresses apical extrusion of RasV12 cells from the epithelium. We also show in zebrafish embryos that Rab5 plays an important role in the elimination of transformed cells from the enveloping layer epithelium. In addition, Rab5-mediated endocytosis of E-cadherin is enhanced at the boundary between normal and RasV12 cells. Rab5 functions upstream of epithelial protein lost in neoplasm (EPLIN), which plays a positive role in apical extrusion of RasV12 cells by regulating protein kinase A. Furthermore, we have revealed that epithelial defense against cancer (EDAC) from normal epithelial cells substantially impacts on Rab5 accumulation in the neighboring transformed cells. This report demonstrates that Rab5-mediated endocytosis is a crucial regulator for the competitive interaction between normal and transformed epithelial cells in mammals.
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Fan X, Ma X, Cui L, Dang S, Qu J, Zhang J, Wang X, Mao Z. CARF activates beta-catenin/TCF signaling in the hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:80404-80414. [PMID: 27829235 PMCID: PMC5348329 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Overactivation of Ras signaling is very common in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to its constitutive active mutation, which makes it a big challenge to target Ras signaling. Therefore, identifying effectors downstream of Ras signaling would benefit the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, it was found that the expression of CARF (collaborate of ARF) was induced by oncogenic RasV12. The expression of CARF was up-regulated in both HCC mouse model (Alb-Cre; P53f/f; Loxp-Stop-Loxp-RasG12D) and human HCC clinical samples. Overexpression of CARF promoted the growth and migration of HCC cells, while knocking down the expression of CARF inhibited the growth and migration of HCC cells. In the mechanism study, CARF was found to interact with beta-catenin, impaired the interaction between beta-catenin and ICAT, and activated beta-catenin/TCF signaling. Moreover, knocking down the expression of CARF inhibited the tumorigenesis in the HCC mouse model. Taken together, this study revealed the oncogenic functions of CARF in the tumorigenesis of HCC by activating beta-catenin/TCF signaling, and suggested CARF might be a therapeutic target in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Shengchun Dang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jianguo Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xuqing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhengfa Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Hong X, Nguyen HT, Chen Q, Zhang R, Hagman Z, Voorhoeve PM, Cohen SM. Opposing activities of the Ras and Hippo pathways converge on regulation of YAP protein turnover. EMBO J 2014; 33:2447-57. [PMID: 25180228 PMCID: PMC4283404 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer genomes accumulate numerous genetic and epigenetic modifications. Yet, human cellular transformation can be accomplished by a few genetically defined elements. These elements activate key pathways required to support replicative immortality and anchorage independent growth, a predictor of tumorigenesis in vivo. Here, we provide evidence that the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway is a key barrier to Ras-mediated cellular transformation. The Hippo pathway targets YAP1 for degradation via the βTrCP-SCF ubiquitin ligase complex. In contrast, the Ras pathway acts oppositely, to promote YAP1 stability through downregulation of the ubiquitin ligase complex substrate recognition factors SOCS5/6. Depletion of SOCS5/6 or upregulation of YAP1 can bypass the requirement for oncogenic Ras in anchorage independent growth in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Through the YAP1 target, Amphiregulin, Ras activates the endogenous EGFR pathway, which is required for transformation. Thus, the oncogenic activity of RasV12 depends on its ability to counteract Hippo pathway activity, creating a positive feedback loop, which depends on stabilization of YAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore City, Singapore Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore City, Singapore Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research, and Technology, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zandra Hagman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Stephen M Cohen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore City, Singapore Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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