Recycling waste classification using emperor penguin optimizer with deep learning model for bioenergy production

The growth and implementation of biofuels and bioenergy conversion technologies play an important part in the production of sustainable and renewable energy resources in the upcoming years. Recycling sources from waste could efficiently ease the risk of world source strain. The waste classification was a good resolution for separating the waste from the recycled objects. It is inefficient and expensive to rely solely on manual classification of garbage and recycling sources. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have lately been used to classify recyclable waste, and this is the primary way for recycling the waste. This study presents a recycling waste classification using emperor penguin optimizer with deep learning (RWC-EPODL) model for bioenergy production. RWC-EPODL model focuses on recycling waste materials recognition and classification. When it comes to detecting and classifying trash, the RWC-EPODL model uses two stages. At the initial stage, the RWC-EPODL model uses AX-RetinaNet model for the recognition of waste objects. In addition, Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm is applied as hyperparameter optimizer of the AX-RetinaNet model. Following the EPO algorithm with a stacked auto-encoder (SAE) model, the EPO algorithm is used to fine-tune the parameters of the SAE technique for trash classification. The RWC-EPODL model's experimental validation is examined through a number of studies. The RWC-EPODL approach has a 98.96 percent success rate. The comparative result analysis reported the better performance of the RWC-EPODL model over recent approaches.

Evaluation of thermal/acoustic performance to confirm the possibility of coffee waste in building materials in using bio-based microencapsulated PCM

As the demand for coffee has increased, by-product disposal has become a challenge to solve. Many studies are being conducted on how to use coffee waste as building materials to recycle it. In this study, the thermal performance and acoustic performance of a composite developed using bio-based microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) and coffee waste were evaluated, and the composite was applied as building material. The coffee waste was successfully degreased with ethanol to produce composites, and removal of contaminants and oils was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy. In the phase change process of MPCM, an appropriate amount of thermal energy is absorbed and stored, and the temperature is maintained. MPCM was used in the mixture and the improved thermal performance was evaluated via differential scanning calorimetry analysis, revealing a latent heat of 3.8 J/g for MPCM content of 10%. Further, thermal imaging cameras revealed that an increase in the proportion of MPCM leads to a slower decrease in temperature because of the heat preserved by MPCM over time. In an acoustic performance evaluation, impedance tube test results showed different aspects depending on low, mid, and high-frequency bands. Specifically, at medium frequencies, which correspond to the range of noise generated in cafes, specimens fabricated using MPCM were confirmed to exhibit a higher sound absorption coefficient and an improved acoustic performance. Hence, the composite can be considered an eco-friendly building material with promising thermal and acoustic performance.

Toxicity of cigarette butts and possible recycling solutions-a literature review

Tobacco is a worldwide-consumed product, which in addition to causing public health-related issues is responsible for the most common form of litter in the world-smoked cigarette butts (CBs). A large attention has been drawn to this question, since this specific waste type tends to end up in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, posing serious threat to a range of life forms. Decomposition may take several years to occur because cellulose acetate is hardly accessible, before deacetylation, by bacteria and fungi. This review concerns the toxicity derived from smoked cigarette butts, as well as innovative ecological solutions for solving the CB litter problem. Toxicity studies have demonstrated the critical influence of chemicals present in smoked CBs to the environment as a whole, but also the physical contaminating potential considering micro- and nanoparticles derived from CB material. Nevertheless, several technological approaches were aimed at unveiling hidden value within used CBs, as well as propositions for incorporation of this residue in large volume production items or direct recycling. In summary, several methods are available to alleviate CB pollution, while appropriate and efficient collection logistics by consumers appears as the main bottleneck for an effective recycling. It is also clear that while considerable progress has been made recently in light of CB recycling solutions, there is still a vast research capacity in this regard.

Circular reutilization of coffee waste for sound absorbing panels: A perspective on material recycling

The increase in coffee consumption has led to increased production of coffee waste. Methods to recycle coffee waste are constantly being researched. Coffee powder is a porous material that can effectively be used to absorb sound. In this study, sound-absorbing panels were developed using coffee waste combined with resin. A sound absorption characterization of the new material was performed. Then, the noise reduction potential using coffee-waste sound absorbers was investigated in cafés. A café has several noise sources, such as coffee machines, music, and the voices of people. The noise reduction effect was evaluated using the ODEON simulation software together with the improvement in both the clarity and reverberation time in a case study café. In the investigated room, the acoustic definition (D50) increased up to 0.8, while the reverberation time (RT) reduced to 0.6 s. The results of this study demonstrate that the noise generated in the café was reduced by recycling the coffee waste produced as a by-product in the same building. Finally, this study presents a new construction material manufactured through coffee waste that is in turn applied to cafés where the coffee waste itself is produced.

Recycling of waste engine oil for diesel production

The aim of this work was to recycle waste engine oil until converting it into reusable product, diesel fuel. The waste oil was treated using pyrolytic distillation. The effect of two additives (sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate) in the purification of the obtained fuel was also studied. Moreover, the influence of the number of distillations were analysed. Some thermal and physicochemical properties (density, viscosity, colour, turbidity, acidity value, distillation curves, cetane number, corrosiveness to Cu, water content, flash point and hydrocarbons) were determined to analyse the quality of the obtained fuel. The best results were obtained with 2% of sodium carbonate and two successive distillations. The obtained results showed that pyrolytic distillation of waste engine oil is an excellent way to produce diesel fuel to be used in engines.