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Ibrahim RE, Rhouma NR, Elbealy MA, Abdelwarith AA, Younis EM, Khalil SS, Khamis T, Mansour AT, Davies SJ, El-Murr A, Abdel Rahman AN. Effect of dietary intervention with Capsicum annuum extract on growth performance, physiological status, innate immune response, and related gene expression in Nile tilapia. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 270:110914. [PMID: 37939898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The red pepper (Capsicum annuum) has gained great attention recently because of its biological and pharmacological characteristics. The present approach aimed to evaluate the effects of C. annuum alcoholic extract (CAE) supplementation on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance, physiological status, some metabolic, immune, and regulatory genes expression, and resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae infection. Fish (22.26 ± 0.19 g) were assigned to four treatments (five replicates, each with 10 fish replicate-1) and fed tested diets for 60 days. The experimental diets were supplemented with CAE at 0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 g kg-1, expressed as CAE0, CAE0.4, CAE0.8, and CAE1.6, respectively. The findings exhibited that CAE dietary supplementation improved growth performance, feed utilization, elevated growth hormone level, and digestive enzyme activities (amylase and protease), and lowered leptin hormone in a level-dependent manner. Boosting the mRNA expression of the transporter proteins (solute carrier family 15 member 2 and solute carrier family 26 member 6) and insulin-like growth factor-1 genes with a decrease in the myostatin gene expression was noticed in the CAE-fed groups. The innate immune (serum bactericidal activity %, complement 3, and phagocytic activity %) and antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity) parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) improved, and the serum malondialdehyde level was significantly decreased by CAE dietary inclusion. A marked upregulation in the mRNA expression of interleukins (il-1β, il-6, il-8, and il-10), transforming growth factor-β, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione synthetase genes were observed in CAE-fed groups. Dietary CAE decreased the cumulative mortalities after the challenge with S. agalactiae by 20, 13.33, and 10% in CAE0.4, CAE0.8, and CAE1.6, respectively, compared to the control (40%). Overall, dietary supplementation with CAE could improve growth performance and physiological status, and modulate the expression of several regulatory genes in Nile tilapia. The recommended level of CAE is 1.6 g kg-1 to augment growth and health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowida E Ibrahim
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Nasreddin R Rhouma
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Misurata University, PO Box 2478, Misurata, Libya
| | - Mohamed A Elbealy
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, PO Box 35516, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Abdelwahab A Abdelwarith
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed M Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah S Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Information Centre, Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Abdallah Tageldein Mansour
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt.
| | - Simon J Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91V8Y1 Galway, Ireland
| | - Abdelhakeem El-Murr
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Afaf N Abdel Rahman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
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