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Lee J, Boo J, Kim YH, Roh J, Ko SK, Shin I. A fluorescent probe for selective detection of lysosomal β-hexosaminidase in live cells. Talanta 2024; 271:125715. [PMID: 38280264 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Determining the activity of lysosomal β-hexosaminidase in cells is of great importance for understanding the roles that these enzymes play in pathophysiological events. Herein, we designed the new fluorescent probe, βGalNAc-Rhod-CM(NEt2), which consisted of a βGalNAc-linked rhodol unit serving as a β-hexosaminidase reactive fluorogenic moiety and a N,N'-diethylaminocoumarin (CM(NEt2)) group acting as a fluorescence marker for determining the degree of cell permeabilization. Treatment of βGalNAc-Rhod-CM(NEt2) with β-hexosaminidase promoted generation of Rhod-CM(NEt2), thereby leading to an increase in the intensity of fluorescence of Rhod. However, this probe did not respond to the functionally related glycosidase, O-GlcNAcase. The detection limit of βGalNAc-Rhod-CM(NEt2) for β-hexosaminidase was determined to be 0.52 nM, indicating that it has high sensitivity for this enzyme. Furthermore, the probe functioned as an excellent fluorogenic substrate for β-hexosaminidase with kcat and Km values of 17 sec-1 and 22 μM, respectively. The results of cell studies using βGalNAc-Rhod-CM(NEt2) showed that levels of β-hexosaminidase activity in cells can be determined by measuring the intensity of fluorescence arising from Rhod and that the intensity of fluorescence of CM(NEt2) can be employed to determine the degree of cell permeabilization of the probe. Utilizing the new probe, we assessed β-hexosaminidase activities in several types of cells and evaluated the effect of glucose concentrations in culture media on the activity of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Boo
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongtae Roh
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Engelhardt PM, Veronese M, Eryiğit AA, Das A, Kaczmarek AT, Rugarli EI, Schmalz HG. A pH-Sensitive Double Chromophore Fluorescent Dye for Live-Tracking of Lipophagy. Chemistry 2024:e202400808. [PMID: 38506349 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplet (LD) degradation provides metabolic energy and important building blocks for various cellular processes. The two major LD degradation pathways include autophagy (lipophagy), which involves delivery of LDs to autolysosomes, and lipolysis, which is mediated by lipases. While abnormalities in LD degradation are associated with various pathological disorders, our understanding of lipophagy is still rudimentary. In this study, we describe the development of a lipophilic dye containing two fluorophores, one of which is pH-sensitive and the other pH-stable. We further demonstrate that this "Lipo-Fluddy" can be used to visualize and quantify lipophagy in living cells, in an easily applicable and protein label-free approach. After estimating the ability of compound candidates to penetrate LDs, we synthesized several BODIPY and (pH-switchable) rhodol dyes, whose fluorescence properties (incl. their photophysical compatibility) were analyzed. Of three Lipo-Fluddy dyes synthesized, one exhibited the desired properties and allowed observation of lipophagy by fluorescence microscopy. Also, this dye proved to be non-toxic and suitable for the examination of various cell lines. Moreover, a method was developed to quantify the lipophagy process using flow cytometry, which could be applied in the future in the identification of lipophagy-related genes or in the screening of potential drugs against lipophagy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Engelhardt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matteo Veronese
- Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alpay A Eryiğit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anushka Das
- Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander T Kaczmarek
- Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena I Rugarli
- Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Schmalz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
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Chieffo C, Altamura E, Trad LB, Pilet G, Maniti O, Granjon T, Mebarek S, Strazewski P, Fiore M. Comprehensive Characterization of an "Off/On" Rhodol-Based Lysosomal Tracker for Orthogonal Cellular Analysis by Confocal Imaging. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200513. [PMID: 36420688 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two florescent xanthene-cyanamide lysosomal trackers emitting strongly at ∼525 nm were prepared from fluorescein and rhodol methyl esters in microwave-assisted reactions. Both forms named "off" (nonfluorescent lactam) and "on" (strongly fluorescent ring-opened amide) have been comprehensively characterized out by using a combination of NMR spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, fluorimetry and confocal microscopy. Known rhodamines bearing electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) exhibit an equilibrium between non-fluorescent (off) and fluorescent (on) depending on the dielectric constant of the medium. Here, cyanamide was introduced as EWG amine into the fluorescein and rhodol framework. Unlike rhodamine-type dyes, the ring-opened forms of fluorescein- and rhodol-cyanamides are stable in protic solvents under circumneutral and basic pH conditions. The osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 from C57BL/6 mouse calvaria was used for confocal imaging where the different organelles and nuclei were distinguished by using an orthogonal combination of fluorescent dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Chieffo
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR 5246), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Edgar Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Emiliano Altamura
- Chemistry Department, Università degli studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Layth Ben Trad
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR 5246), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Edgar Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Pilet
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI, UMR 5615), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Eugène Chevreul, 6 Rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Ofelia Maniti
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR 5246), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Edgar Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Granjon
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR 5246), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Edgar Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR 5246), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Edgar Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Peter Strazewski
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR 5246), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Edgar Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Michele Fiore
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, UMR 5246), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Edgar Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Lyon, France
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Liu Z, Sun C, Wang H, Wu T, Qiu B, Xiong X, Liu L. A far-red-emitting fluorescence probe for selective and sensitive detection of no in live cells and in C. elegans. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 261:120030. [PMID: 34118523 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a ubiquitous intracellular and intercellular messenger molecule, plays vital roles in many physiological processes and is closely related to many diseases. Although a lot of fluorescent probes have been developed for real-time detection of NO successfully, the probes still suffer from poor tissue permeability and limited selectivity. In this study, a novel far-red fluorescent probe ZJL-3 based on rhodamine fluorescent dye was designed, synthesized, and used for NO determination. The probe contains a rhodamine as fluorophore and o-phenylenediamino as recognition unit. Upon addition of NO, the probe ZJL-3 showed an obvious far-red emission at 637 nm. The results of fluorescence spectrum experiments indicated that probe ZJL-3 exhibited desirable selectivity to NO. Furthermore, probe ZJL-3 has low cytotoxicity and was applied for the detection of exogenous and endogenous NO in RAW264.7 cells and C. elegans with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjin Liu
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Changzhen Sun
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Baoyu Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Tiensomjitr K, Noorat R, Chomngam S, Wechakorn K, Prabpai S, Kanjanasirirat P, Pewkliang Y, Borwornpinyo S, Kongsaeree P. A chromogenic and fluorogenic rhodol-based chemosensor for hydrazine detection and its application in live cell bioimaging. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 195:136-141. [PMID: 29414570 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A rhodol-based fluorescent probe has been developed as a selective hydrazine chemosensor using levulinate as a recognition site. The rhodol levulinate probe (RL) demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity toward hydrazine among other molecules. The chromogenic response of RL solution to hydrazine from colorless to pink could be readily observed by the naked eye, while strong fluorescence emission could be monitored upon excitation at 525 nm. The detection process occurred via a ring-opening process of the spirolactone initiated by hydrazinolysis, triggering the fluorescence emission with a 53-fold enhancement. The probe rapidly reacted with hydrazine in aqueous medium with the detection limit of 26 nM (0.83 ppb), lower than the threshold limit value (TLV) of 10 ppb suggested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Furthermore, RL-impregnated paper strips could detect hydrazine vapor. For biological applicability of RL, its membrane-permeable property led to bioimaging of hydrazine in live HepG2 cells by confocal fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khomsan Tiensomjitr
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rattha Noorat
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sinchai Chomngam
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanokorn Wechakorn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Samran Prabpai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Phongthon Kanjanasirirat
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yongyut Pewkliang
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Palangpon Kongsaeree
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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6
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Tiensomjitr K, Noorat R, Wechakorn K, Prabpai S, Suksen K, Kanjanasirirat P, Pewkliang Y, Borwornpinyo S, Kongsaeree P. A rhodol-based fluorescent chemosensor for hydrazine and its application in live cell bioimaging. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 185:228-233. [PMID: 28582724 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A rhodol cinnamate fluorescent chemosensor (RC) has been developed for selective detection of hydrazine (N2H4). In aqueous medium, the rhodol-based probe exhibited high selectivity for hydrazine among other molecules. The addition of hydrazine triggered a fluorescence emission with 48-fold enhancement based on hydrazinolysis and a subsequent ring-opening process. The chemical probe also displayed a selective colorimetric response toward N2H4 from colorless solution to pink, readily observed by the naked eye. The detection limit of RC for hydrazine was calculated to be 300nM (9.6ppb). RC is membrane permeable and was successfully demonstrated to detect hydrazine in live HepG2 cells by confocal fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khomsan Tiensomjitr
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rattha Noorat
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanokorn Wechakorn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Samran Prabpai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanoknetr Suksen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Phongthon Kanjanasirirat
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yongyut Pewkliang
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Palangpon Kongsaeree
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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