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Ezzulddin TA, Jwher DMT, Shareef AM. The ability to resist Newcastle disease through inherited immunity in different strains of broilers in Nineveh governorate. Open Vet J 2022; 12:936-943. [PMID: 36650876 PMCID: PMC9805781 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2022.v12.i6.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease (ND) is a viral disease that affects numerous bird species and is still present in many places, including Iraq. Aim The purpose of this study was to compare maternal derived antibodies against against ND vaccination in 1-day-old imported Cobb 500 and Ross 308 chicks. Methods From April to October 2020, four locations in Mosul governorate were chosen to compute the maternal derived antibodies from 1-day-old broiler chicks. Seven hundred and seven blood samples (451) from imported 28 Ross 308 flocks and 256 from 17 Cobb 500 flocks were obtained and tested for antibody levels using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assay (BioChek commercial kit, UK). Results The Cobb 500 broiler chicks outperformed the Ross 308 broiler chicks in that all of the Cobb 500 broiler chicks had maternal antibody titers (100% positivity) versus 97.78% of the Ross 308 chicks, had a mean Maternal antibody titer of 9,871.47 versus 8,647.76, and had a mean CV percentage of 12.41% versus 15.18%, respectively. The mean vaccination index of Cobb 500 broiler chicks was 966.59 versus 821.60 for Ross 308 broiler chicks. Conclusion Although both broiler types produced chicks with high and uniform maternal antibody titers, Cobb 500 produced chicks with higher protective titers than Ross 308.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhyaa Mohammad Taher Jwher
- Corresponding Author: Dhyaa Mohammad Taher Jwher. Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
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Knížatová N, Massányi M, Kołodziejczyk ŁM, Kováčik A, Tokárová K, Greń A, Binkowski ŁJ, Formicki G, Capcarová M, Massányi P, Lukáč N. In vivo effects of aflatoxin B1 and benzo[ a]pyrene on the heart muscle of chicken embryos. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2021; 56:1490-1495. [PMID: 34939888 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.2011659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on the heart muscle of chicken embryos of the broiler line Ross 308. The benzo[a]pyrene in the organic oil solution was injected in ovo on the 6th day of the incubation in doses of: 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg weight of eggs; the aflatoxin B1 in the organic oil solution was injected in ovo on the 6th day of the incubation into the yolk in doses of 80, 120 and 240 ng/kg weight of eggs. Multiple biochemical and hepatic parameters have been observed, including sodium, potassium, chloride, cholesterol, uric acid, total proteins, aminotransferase aspartate, and aminotransferase alanine. A low dose of AFB1 and BaP administered in ovo during early embryonic development had a significant impact on chicken embryonic development, as demonstrated by alterations in biochemical, mineral, and hepatic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Knížatová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Massányi
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Anton Kováčik
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Tokárová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Agnieszka Greń
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Crakow, Crakow, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Formicki
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Crakow, Crakow, Poland
| | - Marcela Capcarová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Massányi
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Norbert Lukáč
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Nasr MAF, Alkhedaide AQ, Ramadan AAI, Hafez AESE, Hussein MA. Potential impact of stocking density on growth, carcass traits, indicators of biochemical and oxidative stress and meat quality of different broiler breeds. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101442. [PMID: 34607150 PMCID: PMC8493580 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study to investigate the potential impact of different stocking densities on growth performance, carcass traits, indicators of biochemical and oxidative stress and meat quality of Arbor Acres and Ross-308 broiler breeds to recommend the better stocking density with low production cost simultaneously with high quality. A total of 312 one-day old of each Arbor Acres broiler and Ross-308 were randomly classified into 3 experimental groups with different stocking density, each of 6 replicates. The first group (SD1) was 14 birds/m2 (28 kg/m2), while the second group (SD2) was 18 birds/m2 (36 kg/m2) and the third group (SD3) was 20 birds/m2 (40 kg/m2). The growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality hematological and biochemical parameters were measured. SD3 group possessed the lowest body weight. Alanine transaminase in Arbor Acres was 15 and 14% higher in SD3 when compared with SD1 and SD2, respectively. While, was 21 and 20% of Ross-308, respectively. SD3 revealed the highest values of cholesterol, TG, MDA, and LDL of both breeds when compared with SD1 and SD2, with the lowest levels of HDL, GPX, and IGG. Birds of SD3 was the nastiest carcass weight 873 (P = 0.000) and 1,411.60 g (P = 0.000); dressing percentage 63.07 (P = 0.000) and 75.83% (P = 0.000); breast weight 513.10 g (P = 0.000) and 885.50g (P = 0.000); thigh weight 359.90 g (P = 0.000) and 526.08 g (P = 0.000) when compared with SD1 and SD2 of Arbor Acres and Ross-308, respectively. The dressing % of SD1 and SD2 was approximately 19% better than that of SD3 of Arbor Acres, while it was 4% of Ross-308. The cooking loss and drip loss of breast and thigh muscles were higher in SD3 of both breeds. Moreover, SD3 possessed the highest bacterial count. In conclusion birds reared in medium stocking density revealed better performance and welfare than high density but similar to low density. Therefore, from the economic point, medium density was the best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A F Nasr
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Adel Q Alkhedaide
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amal A I Ramadan
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Abd-El Salam E Hafez
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hussein
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Cruz A, Sterten H, Steinhoff FS, Mydland LT, Øverland M. Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast as a protein source for broiler chickens: effects on growth performance and digestive function from hatching to 30 days of age. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3168-3178. [PMID: 32475453 PMCID: PMC7597667 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Europe is heavily dependent on imported feed protein sources such as soybean meal (SBM); thus, investigating local sustainable alternatives is crucial to increase self-sufficiency. This study evaluated the effects of the inactivated yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii grown on local lignocellulosic sugars on the growth performance and digestive function of Ross 308 broiler chickens. A total of 1,000 male chicks were allocated to 20 pens. There were 5 replicate pens with 50 birds each, from 1 to 30 D after hatch. The birds were offered one conventional wheat–oat–SBM–based control diet and 3 diets with increasing levels of C. jadinii replacing 10, 20, and 30% of dietary crude protein (CP), whereas SBM levels were gradually decreased. The feed intake and weight gain of the birds decreased linearly, and feed conversion ratio increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary levels of C. jadinii. Nevertheless, growth performance and feed intake were similar between the birds fed with control diets and diets containing 10% CP from C. jadinii in the starter and grower periods. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter, crude fat, organic matter, and carbohydrates was higher in control diets than in diets with 30% C. jadinii CP (P < 0.05) and decreased (P < 0.01) with incremental levels of dietary C. jadinii. Regardless, the AID of CP, starch, ash, and phosphorus was unaffected. Ileal villus height on day 10 was maintained in birds fed with diets containing 30% C. jadinii CP compared with the birds fed with control diets but was lower for birds fed with diets containing 10 and 20% C. jadinii protein (P < 0.05). To conclude, up to 10% C. jadinii CP can replace SBM CP in broiler chicken diets, maintaining growth performance and digestive function, whereas higher levels of C. jadinii may decrease bird performance. Altogether, this suggests the potential of C. jadinii as a local-based protein source in broiler chicken diets, contributing to a more sustainable feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cruz
- Felleskjøpet Fôrutvikling A.S., Trondheim NO-7018, Norway; Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO 1432 Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Liv T Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO 1432 Ås, Norway.
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Valečková E, Ivarsson E, Ellström P, Wang H, Mogodiniyai Kasmaei K, Wall H. Silage and haylage as forage in slow and fast-growing broilers - effects on performance in Campylobacter jejuni infected birds. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:433-441. [PMID: 32149527 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1736515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. This study investigated the effects of daily intake of silage or haylage on broiler production performance and organ development. Furthermore, effects of daily intake of Lactobacillus plantarum either via silage or by supplemented drinking water, on Campylobacter jejuni loads in faeces were studied. 2. To test this, a 42-d experiment using Ross 308 and a 63-d experiment with Rowan Rangers hybrids, were performed. Silage inoculated with L. plantarum strain 256 and haylage were fed in total mixed rations with mixtures of 85% of pellets and 15% of respective forage (DM-based weight). Feed intake (FI), forage intake, body weight (BW) and feed conversion ration (FCR) were monitored weekly. Mortality was recorded daily, and organ weights were registered at slaughter. Quantification of C. jejuni was performed by colony counts from faecal samples after culture on agar plates. 3. There was a negative effect of haylage on BW and FI in the fast-growing Ross 308 hybrid. Silage had a negative effect on BW only on week four and six. Water inoculated with L. plantarum 256 increased BW in the starter period. Interestingly, no significant adverse effect of forage inclusion was observed in the Rowan Ranger birds. 4. Relative weight of the emptied gizzard was higher in both Ross 308 and Rowan Ranger birds fed haylage and silage than in the control group. In Ross 308 birds, both forages significantly reased the relative weight of gizzard with digestive content when compared to birds fed solely pellets. 5. In both studies, higher consumption of silage than haylage was observed. 6. In conclusion, daily intake of L. plantarum 256 either via silage or supplemented in drinking water, was not effective in reducing the shedding of C. jejuni in either Ross 308 or Rowan Ranger hybrids at the end of the rearing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Valečková
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Uppsala , Sweden
| | - E Ivarsson
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Uppsala , Sweden
| | - P Ellström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Infection Biology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Infection Biology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Mogodiniyai Kasmaei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Uppsala , Sweden
| | - H Wall
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Uppsala , Sweden
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Alfaig E, Angelovičova M, Kral M, Bučko O. Effect of probiotics and thyme essential oil on the essential amino acid content of the broiler chicken meat. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment 2014; 13:425-432. [PMID: 28067484 DOI: 10.17306/j.afs.2014.4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in the types and percentages of essential amino acids (EAAs) in food could influence the value of protein consumed and proteins with a high content of EAAs are the most important components of poultry meat. The use of probiotics for meat and carcass quality improvement has been questioned, while feed supplementation with thyme essential oil (TEO) could be considered as useful natural supplement to be applied in the poultry industry to improve meat quality. METHODS Day-old broilers Ross 308 (n = 400) were randomly divided into four groups based on the feed supplement as follows: control, probiotics 0.05%, TEO 0.05% and combination of probiotics and TEO, while the fattening period was 42 days. Six birds of both sexes from each group were selected as a sample, slaughtered and then stored (-18°C) for 6 months till the analysis. The muscular homogeneous sample (50 g) from the breast and thigh of each sample bird was analysed by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy method using the device Nicolet 6700. The essential amino acids content was determined and the quality indicators include chemical score, amino acid score, EAA index and biological value were calculated. RESULTS The obtained results show that for all the tested EAAs of the breast and thigh muscles, the content numerically increased gradually and progressively within the groups as the control scored the minimum followed by the probiotics group, then the combination group and finally the TEO group which scored the highest results. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the TEO promoted the increase of all the EAAs and consequently the quality indicators with significant different compared with the control group and significantly different for some EAAs and quality indicators compared with the probiotics group and the combination group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Alfaig
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Maria Angelovičova
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Kral
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Ondrej Bučko
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic
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