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Casado JL, Vizcarra P, Haemmerle J, Velasco H, Martín-Hondarza A, Rodríguez-Domínguez MJ, Velasco T, Martín S, Romero-Hernández B, Fernández-Escribano M, Vallejo A. Pre-existing T cell immunity determines the frequency and magnitude of cellular immune response to two doses of mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine X 2022; 11:100165. [PMID: 35529539 PMCID: PMC9057925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of CD4 T-cell response to first/second dose of mRNA vaccine was observed in 21% and 12% of health care workers (HCWs). T-cell response was greater in frequency/magnitude in HCWs with pre-existing immunity, due due to infection or cross-reactivity. Pre-existing immunity correlated with the magnitude of specific antibodies production after vaccination.
Little is known about the factors associated with lack of T-cell response to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. In a prospective cohort of 61 health care workers (HCWs), 21% and 16% after the first dose of mRNA BNT162b vaccine, and 12% and 7% after the second dose, showed lack of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response, respectively. Pre-existing T-cell immunity, due to past infection (46%) or cross-reactive cellular response (26%), was significantly associated with T-cell response in frequency (CD4+ T-cell, 100% vs 82% after two doses; p = 0.049) and in the magnitude of T-cell response during follow up. Furthermore, baseline CD4+ T-cell correlated positively with the titer of specific IgG-antibodies after first and second vaccine dose. Our data demonstrate that cross-reactive T-cells correlate with a better cellular response as well as an enhanced humoral response, and we confirm the close correlation of humoral and cellular response after mRNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Casado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Km 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain (J.L. Casado). Laboratory of Immunovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRyCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Km 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain (A. Vallejo).
| | - Pilar Vizcarra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes Haemmerle
- Department of Prevention of Occupational Risks, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Velasco
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Health Research Institute Ramon y Cajal (IRyCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Martín-Hondarza
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Health Research Institute Ramon y Cajal (IRyCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario J. Rodríguez-Domínguez
- Department of Microbiology, Health Research Institute Ramon y Cajal (IRyCIS), CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Velasco
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Martín
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero-Hernández
- Department of Microbiology, Health Research Institute Ramon y Cajal (IRyCIS), CIBERESP, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Vallejo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Health Research Institute Ramon y Cajal (IRyCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Km 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain (J.L. Casado). Laboratory of Immunovirology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRyCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Km 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain (A. Vallejo).
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Yokoyama K, Ichiki A. Nano-size dependence in the adsorption by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein over gold colloid. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021; 615:126275. [PMID: 33564211 PMCID: PMC7860964 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gold nano-particles were coated with the spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2 and exposed to increasingly acidic conditions. Their responses were investigated by monitoring the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band shift. As the external pH was gradually changed from neutral pH to pH ∼2 the peak of the SPR band showed a significant red-shift, with a sigmoidal feature implying the formation of the gold-protein aggregates. The coating of S protein changed the surface property of the gold enough to extract the coverage fraction of protein over nano particles, Θ, which did not exhibit clear nano-size dependence. The geometrical simulation to explain Θ showed the average axial length to be a = 7. 25 nm and b =8.00 nm when the S-protein was hypothesized as a prolate shape with spiking-out orientation. As the pH value externally hopped between pH∼3 and pH∼10, a behavior of reversible protein folding was observed for particles with diameters >30 nm. It was concluded that S protein adsorption conformation was impacted by the size (diameter, d) of a core nano-gold, where head-to-head dimerized S protein was estimated for d ≤ 80 nm and a parallel in opposite directions formation for d = 100 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushige Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York Geneseo College, Geneseo, NY, United States
| | - Akane Ichiki
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York Geneseo College, Geneseo, NY, United States
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