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Ramachandran SS, Balu R, Vilwanathan R, Jeyaraman J, Paramasivam SG. A mouse testis serine protease, TESP1, as the potential SPINK3 receptor protein on mouse sperm acrosome. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6370709. [PMID: 34524424 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 3 (SPINK3) from mouse seminal vesicles is a Kazal-type trypsin inhibitor. It has been shown to bind to the sperm acrosome and modify sperm activity by influencing the sub-cellular Ca2+ influx. Previously, SPINK3 was reported to suppress in vitro sperm capacitation. However, under natural coitus, SPINK3 is removed from the mouse acrosome in the female reproductive tract, leading to successful fertilisation. Identification of the SPINK3 binding partner becomes essential to develop a contraceptive that works by prolonging the binding of SPINK3 to the sperm acrosome. We identified the SPINK3 receptor by using recombinant SPINK3 (rSPINK3). Testicular serine protease 1 (TESP1) was identified as the receptor for SPINK3 by 2D gel electrophoresis coupled with western blot analysis. To authenticate TESP1 as the receptor for SPINK3, sperm cells were incubated with TESP1 peptide antibody followed by determining the intracellular [Ca2+]i concentration by flow cytometry using Fluo-3 AM as a calcium probe. Furthermore, the 3D structures of SPINK3 and TESP1 were predicted by homology modelling (Schrodinger suite) using the crystal structure of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PDB ID-1TGS) and human prostasin (PDB ID-3DFJ) as templates. The modelled protein structures were validated and subjected to molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) using GROMACS v5.0.5. Protein-protein docking was performed using HDOCK and the complex was validated by MDS. The results predicted that SPINK3 and TESP1 had strong binding affinity, with a dock score of -430.70 and 14 hydrogen bonds as key active site residues. If the binding affinity between SPINK3 and TESP1 could be increased, the SPINK3-TESP1 association will be prolonged, which will be helpful in the development of a male contraceptive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubhadevi Balu
- Department of Biotechnology, BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravikumar Vilwanathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyakanthan Jeyaraman
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zalazar L, Stival C, Nicolli AR, De Blas GA, Krapf D, Cesari A. Male Decapacitation Factor SPINK3 Blocks Membrane Hyperpolarization and Calcium Entry in Mouse Sperm. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:575126. [PMID: 33102481 PMCID: PMC7554638 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.575126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sperm acquire ability to fertilize through a process called capacitation, occurring after ejaculation and regulated by both female molecules and male decapacitation factors. Bicarbonate and calcium present in the female reproductive tract trigger capacitation in sperm, leading to acrosomal responsiveness and hyperactivated motility. Male decapacitating factors present in the semen avert premature capacitation, until detached from the sperm surface. However, their mechanism of action remains elusive. Here we describe for the first time the molecular basis for the decapacitating action of the seminal protein SPINK3 in mouse sperm. When present in the capacitating medium, SPINK3 inhibited Src kinase, a modulator of the potassium channel responsible for plasma membrane hyperpolarization. Lack of hyperpolarization affected calcium channels activity, impairing the acquisition of acrosomal responsiveness and blocking hyperactivation. Interestingly, SPINK3 acted only on non-capacitated sperm, as it did not bind to capacitated cells. Binding selectivity allows its decapacitating action only in non-capacitated sperm, without affecting capacitated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Zalazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Cintia Stival
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction Networks, Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Anabella R Nicolli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Gerardo A De Blas
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Dario Krapf
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction Networks, Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Andreina Cesari
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.,Escuela Superior de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Chang C, Xie J, Yang Q, Yang J, Luo Y, Xi L, Guo J, Yang G, Jin W, Wang G. Serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type III ( SPINK3) promotes BRL-3A cell proliferation by targeting the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2209-2219. [PMID: 31478211 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type III (SPINK3), is a trypsin inhibitor associated with liver disease, which highly overexpresses in a variety of cancers. In one of our previous studies of our laboratory, Spink3 was observed to be significantly upregulated in rat liver regeneration (LR) via a gene expression profile. For the current study, rat hepatocyte BRL-3A cells were treated by gene addition/interference, and the addition of the exogenous rat recombinant protein SPINK3. It was revealed that both the overexpression of endogenous Spink3 and addition of exogenous rat recombinant SPINK3 (rrSPINK3) significantly promoted the cell proliferation of BRL-3A cells, whereas cell proliferation was inhibited when Spink3 was interfered. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot results revealed that three signaling pathways, including extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT), as well as their related genes, were altered following endogenous Spink3 addition/interference. Also, the PI3K-AKT and SRC-p38 pathways and their related genes were modified following exogenous SPINK3 treatment. Among them, the common signaling pathway was PI3K-AKT pathway. We concluded that SPINK3 could activate the PI3K-AKT pathway by enhancing the expression of AKT1 to regulate the proliferation of BRL-3A cells. This study may contribute to shedding light on the potential mechanisms of SPINK3 that regulate the proliferation of BRL-3A cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Chang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junjie Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qingdan Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaru Luo
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lingling Xi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ganggang Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Gaiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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