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Akbarizare M, Ofoghi H, Hadizadeh M. Dual effect of Sapogenins extracted from Spirulina platensis on telomerase activity in two different cell lines. Mol Biol Res Commun 2021; 10:1-4. [PMID: 33681391 PMCID: PMC7936387 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2020.38230.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Spirulina platensis is a photosynthetic filamentous, edible cyanobacterium that is known as a superfood. In this study, sapogenins were extracted from the spirulina and the effects of these compounds on telomerase activity were evaluated in MCF7 and HDF cell lines using Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol and ELIZA assay. The highest increase in telomerase activity was observed at 0.004 mg/ml of sapogenin by 26% ±20.5 in MCF7 cells, while in HDF cells in the same concentration telomerase activity decreased down to 47%±0.48 and the highest inhibition of telomerase activity was observed at 0.070 mg/ml of sapogenins from Spirulina by 68%±0.43. In conclusion, a compound could play a role as a telomerase activator in one cell line while it could play another role as a telomerase inhibitor in another cell line so introducing compounds as a telomerase inhibitor (anticancer) or as a telomerase activator (anti-aging) should be done with discreet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamideh Ofoghi
- Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Hadizadeh
- Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
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Martínez-Gallegos AA, Guerrero-Luna G, Ortiz-González A, Cárdenas-García M, Bernès S, Hernández-Linares MG. Azasteroids from diosgenin: Synthesis and evaluation of their antiproliferative activity. Steroids 2021; 166:108777. [PMID: 33309534 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the synthesis of two new azasteroids through the modification of the A and B rings of diosgenin 1. The 4-azasteroid derivative 12 was prepared in three steps using the α,β-insaturated-3-keto compound 11 as a precursor, which was first oxidized with KMnO4/KIO4 followed by an oxidative cleavage of ring A, and subsequently cyclized with an ammonium salt, under focused microwave irradiation for a short time of 3 min. A second azasteroid was synthesized, for which the key step was the Beckmann rearrangement of ring B of the oxime 16, affording the lactam-type enamide 17 in good yield. The methodologies developed for the synthesis of the precursors derivatives 10 and 11 contribute to improved yields, compared to those reported in the literature. The biological activity of the azasteroidal compounds 12 and 17 and their precursors has been evaluated in cervical cancer cells (HeLa), colon (HCT-15), and triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Guerrero-Luna
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas. Benemérita, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Ortiz-González
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Maura Cárdenas-García
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Sylvain Bernès
- Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Hernández-Linares
- Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias. Benemérita, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Laboratorio de Investigación Herbario y Jardín Botánico Universitario, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue, Mexico.
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Navarro Del Hierro J, Casado-Hidalgo G, Reglero G, Martin D. The hydrolysis of saponin-rich extracts from fenugreek and quinoa improves their pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity and hypocholesterolemic effect. Food Chem 2020; 338:128113. [PMID: 33092009 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are promising compounds for ameliorating hyperlipidemia but scarce information exists about sapogenins, the hydrolyzed forms of saponins. Saponin-rich extracts and their hydrolysates from fenugreek (FE, HFE) and quinoa (QE, HQE), and saponin and sapogenin standards, were assessed on the inhibition of pancreatic lipase and interference on the bioaccessibility of cholesterol by in vitro digestion models. All extracts inhibited pancreatic lipase (IC50 between 1.15 and 0.59 mg/mL), although the hydrolysis enhanced the bioactivity of HQE (p = 0.014). The IC50 value significantly correlated to the saponin content (r = -0.82; p = 0.001). Only the hydrolyzed extracts showed a reduction of bioaccessible cholesterol (p < 0.001) higher than that of phytosterols (35% reduction). Sapogenin standards exhibited no bioactivities, protodioscin and hederacoside C slightly inhibited the lipase (around 10%) and protodioscin reduced the bioaccessible cholesterol (23% reduction, p = 0.035). The hydrolysis process of saponin-rich extracts enhances the bioactivity and allows developing multibioactive products against pancreatic lipase and cholesterol absorption simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Navarro Del Hierro
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Casado-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Imdea-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Martin
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
This article presents new transformations of solasodine - a representative steroid alkaloid sapogenin from the Solanum family. Oxidation of N,O-diacetylated solasodine with either NaNO2/BF3·Et2O or t-BuONO/BF3·Et2O resulted in partial degradation of the side chain to (20S)-3β-acetoxypregn-5-ene-20,16β-carbolactone (vespertilin acetate). The same starting compound when treated with TMSOTf afforded the corresponding pseudosapogenin after aqueous work-up. However, when the crude reaction mixture was directly subjected to purification on a silica gel column, efficient autoxidation to pregna-5,16-dien-3β-ol-20-one acetate was observed. One-step synthesis of this important drug intermediate from spirosolan alkaloids may be potentially exploited for large-scale production of steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Jastrzebska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Jacek W Morzycki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
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Sidana J, Singh B, Sharma OP. Saponins of Agave: Chemistry and bioactivity. Phytochemistry 2016; 130:22-46. [PMID: 27374482 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The genus Agave comprises more than 400 species with geographical presence in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. These plants have a rich history of folkloric use and are known for a wide spectrum of applications. Secondary metabolites of diverse chemical classes have been reported from Agave species. Owing to their pharmacological significance, the steroidal saponins of Agave have caught the attention of phytochemists, biologists and drug discovery scientists. The present review describes 141 steroidal saponins and sapogenins and covers the literature published from 1970 to 2015. It is a comprehensive and coherent presentation of the structures, methods of chemical profiling, structure elucidation and biological activities of the saponins and sapogenins reported from Agave. The article provides a perspective of the research on steroidal compounds of Agave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeen Sidana
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Bikram Singh
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Om P Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Huang Z, Lin J, Cheng Z, Xu M, Huang X, Yang Z, Zheng J. Production of dammarane-type sapogenins in rice by expressing the dammarenediol-II synthase gene from Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. Plant Sci 2015; 239:106-14. [PMID: 26398795 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are the main active ingredients in Chinese medicinal ginseng; 2,3-oxidosqualene is a precursor metabolite to ginsenosides that is present in rice. Because rice lacks a key rate-limiting enzyme (dammarenediol-II synthase, DS), rice cannot synthesize dammarane-type ginsenosides. In this study, the ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Mey.) DS gene (GenBank: AB265170.1) was transformed into rice using agrobacterium, and 64 rice transgenic plants were produced. The Transfer-DNA (T-DNA) insertion sites in homozygous lines of the T2 generation were determined by using high-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (hiTAIL-PCR) and differed in all tested lines. One to two copies of the T-DNA were present in each transformant, and real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that the transformed DS gene could be transcribed and highly expressed. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the dammarane-type sapogenin 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) content was 0.35-0.59 mg/g dw and the dammarane-type sapogenin 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) content was 0.23-0.43 mg/g dw in the transgenic rice. LC/MS analysis confirmed production of PPD and PPT. These results indicate that a new "ginseng rice" germplasm containing dammarane-type sapogenins has been successfully developed by transforming the ginseng DS gene into rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, CangShan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Agricultural Product Quality Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, CangShan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Juncheng Lin
- Agricultural Product Quality Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, CangShan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Zuxin Cheng
- Agricultural Product Quality Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, CangShan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Ming Xu
- Agricultural Product Quality Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, CangShan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Xinying Huang
- Agricultural Product Quality Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, CangShan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Agricultural Product Quality Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, CangShan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Jingui Zheng
- Agricultural Product Quality Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, CangShan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Abstract
A recent report [1] about the epimerization of steroidal sapogenins at C-22 by treatment with BF3 · OEt2 is incorrect. We proved that the epimerization of sapogenins with BF3 · OEt2 occurs at C-25 as in the case of other acid-catalyzed reactions previously studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Jastrzębska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Jacek W Morzycki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
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