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Castel A, Olby NJ, Breitschwerdt EB, Thomas B, Maggi RG, Shelton GD. Co-infection with Bartonella henselae and Sarcocystis sp. in a 6-year-old male neutered domestic longhair cat with progressive multifocal neurological signs. Vet Q 2020; 39:168-173. [PMID: 31822209 PMCID: PMC6913637 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2019.1697012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aude Castel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Natasha J Olby
- The Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Edward B Breitschwerdt
- The Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,The Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Brittany Thomas
- The Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ricardo G Maggi
- The Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - G Diane Shelton
- The Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Kirillova V, Prakas P, Calero-Bernal R, Gavarāne I, Fernández-García JL, Martínez-González M, Rudaitytė-Lukošienė E, Martínez-Estéllez MÁH, Butkauskas D, Kirjušina M. Identification and genetic characterization of Sarcocystis arctica and Sarcocystis lutrae in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Baltic States and Spain. Parasit Vectors 2018. [PMID: 29530098 PMCID: PMC5848442 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Typically, carnivores serve as definitive hosts for Sarcocystis spp. parasites; currently, their role as intermediate hosts is being elucidated. The present study aimed to identify and molecularly characterize Sarcocystis cysts detected in striated muscle of red foxes from different populations in Latvia, Lithuania and Spain. Methods Muscle samples from 411 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and 269 racoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) from Latvia, 41 red foxes from Lithuania and 22 red foxes from Spain were examined for the presence of Sarcocystis sarcocysts by light microscopy (LM). Sarcocystis spp. were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular biology techniques. Results Sarcocystis cysts were detected in 11/411 (2.7%) Latvian, 3/41 (7.3%) Lithuanian, and 6/22 (27.3%) Spanish red foxes, however, cysts were not observed in the muscles of racoon dogs. Based on LM, TEM, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS1, cox1 and rpoB sequences, Sarcocystis arctica and Sarcocystis lutrae cysts were identified in red fox muscles from Latvia and Lithuania, whereas only S. arctica was detected in Spain. The 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and ITS1 sequences from the 21 isolates of S. arctica from Latvia, Lithuania and Spain were identical. By contrast, two and four haplotypes were determined based on mtDNA cox1 and apicoplast rpoB sequences, respectively. Polymorphisms were not detected between the two isolates of S. lutrae from Latvia and Lithuania. Based on phylogenetic results, S. arctica and S. lutrae were most closely related to Sarcocystis spp. using predatory mammals as intermediate hosts and to Sarcocystis species with a bird-bird life-cycle. Conclusions Based on current knowledge, the red fox and Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) could act as intermediate host for the same two Sarcocystis species. Molecular results suggest the existence of two genetic lineages of S. arctica, and such divergence relies on its geographical distribution but not on their intermediate host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Kirillova
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Parādes street 1A, Daugavpils, LV-5401, Latvia.
| | - Petras Prakas
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rafael Calero-Bernal
- Parasitology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10071, Cáceres, Spain.,SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inese Gavarāne
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Parādes street 1A, Daugavpils, LV-5401, Latvia.,VPP AgroBioRes RISKI, Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes street 3, Riga, LV-1076, Latvia
| | - José Luis Fernández-García
- Parasitology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-González
- Parasitology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Eglė Rudaitytė-Lukošienė
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Dalius Butkauskas
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Muza Kirjušina
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Parādes street 1A, Daugavpils, LV-5401, Latvia.,VPP AgroBioRes RISKI, Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes street 3, Riga, LV-1076, Latvia
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Pavlásek I, Máca O. Morphological and molecular identification of Sarcocystis arctica sarcocysts in three red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the Czech Republic. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:603-605. [PMID: 28499980 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Muscular sarcocystosis by Sarcocystis arctica was found for the first time in the Czech Republic, in different muscles of red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Cysts were slim, elongated, thread-like, whitish, 1-7mm long, and 206-270μm wide; bradyzoites were 7.9×2.7μm in unstained wet mounts and 9.2×2.9μm in cyst Giemsa-stained smears. The cyst wall was thin, with short villi-like protrusions, and no host response was observed in the histological sections. Examination of the distribution and intensity of sarcocysts in 17 different muscle groups revealed that the highest intensity was in the cranial tibial muscle (>15 cysts in compressoria), followed by the diaphragm, forearm, and other groups (with intensities of 3-15 cysts in compressoria). Sarcocysts were detected in 3 out of 86 foxes. Genetic characterization at 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS1 and cox1, consistently showed that the species was identical with S. arctica. Interestingly, this protozoan was also detected as a co-infection in 3 foxes with the nematode Trichinella spp. for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Pavlásek
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, State Veterinary Institute Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Máca
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, State Veterinary Institute Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Science and Food Processing in the Tropics and Subtropics, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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