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Bagherivand A, Jafarirad S, Norouzi R, Karimi A. Scolicidal and apoptotic effects of phyto- and chemically synthesized silver/boehmite nanocomposites on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. Biomater Adv 2024; 157:213723. [PMID: 38160631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cystic hydatid disease (CHD) is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus). This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), silver boehmite nanocomposite (Ag/Bhm NC), and silver boehmite nanocomposite modified with chitosan (Ag/Bhm/Chit NC) using Rosmarinus officinalis (R. officinalis) extract and chemical method, and to evaluate their scolicidal and apoptotic effects on protoscoleces (PSCs) in vitro. The nanomaterials (NMs) were characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDS, DLS, PDI, and zeta potential (ZP). The NMs were tested against PSCs at different concentrations (0.2-1.6 mg/mL) and exposure times (10-60 min). The size of Ag NPs, phytosynthesized Ag/Bhm NC, Ag/Bhm/Chit NC, and chemically synthesized Ag/Bhm NC were 25.55, 43, 72.3, and 60.8 nm, respectively. Ag NPs and phytosynthesized Ag/Bhm NC showed the highest scolicidal effect, with 65.34 % and 51.60 % mortality rate at 1.6 mg/mL and 60 min, respectively. Caspase-3 mRNA expression was higher in PSCs treated with Ag NPs and Ag/Bhm NC than in control groups (P < 0.05). Phytosynthesized Ag/Bhm NC had stronger scolicidal and apoptotic effect than chemically synthesized Ag/Bhm NC. Ag/Bhm/Chit NC had a weaker scolicidal effect but higher gene expression than Ag/Bhm NC. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of phytosynthesized Ag NPs and Ag/Bhm NC as effective scolicidal and apoptotic agents against PSCs of hydatid cysts, which may be useful for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Bagherivand
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Jafarirad
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Roghayeh Norouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Karimi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Raziani Y, Cheraghipour K, Shakibaie M, Ghasemian Yadegari J, Mahmoudvand H. High potency of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles covered by piroctone olamine against cystic echinococcosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114536. [PMID: 36940617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with PO (FOMNPsP) and assessed their in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo effects against cystic echinococcosis. The FOMNPsP was synthesized through the alkalization of iron ions in a deoxygenated form. In vitro and ex vivo protoscolicidal effects of FOMNPsP (100-400 μg/mL) were evaluated on hydatid cyst protoscoleces by the eosin exclusion test for 10-60 min. The effect of FOMNPsP on caspase-3 gene expression and exterior ultra-structural of protoscoleces was assessed by real-time PCR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. In vivo effects were assessed by evaluating the number, size, and weight of hydatid cysts among infected mice. The FOMNPsP size was < 55 nm, and the most frequent particles were in the 15-20 nm range. In vitro and ex vivo assays revealed that the highest protoscolicidal effect was observed at 400 µg/mL with 100% lethality. After exposure of protoscoleces with FOMNPsP, the level of gene expression of caspase-3 was dose-dependently increased (p < 0.05). By SEM, the FOMNPsP-treated protoscoleces showed wrinkles and bulges resulting from the formation of blebs. FOMNPsP significantly decreased (p < 0.01) the mean number, size, and weight of the hydatid cyst. FOMNPsP revealed the potent protoscolicidal traits through disrupting the cell wall and apoptosis induction. The results also indicated the promising effect of FOMNPsP in controlling hydatid cysts in the animal model. Although FOMNPsP is safe for human normal cells, more investigations are required to clarify its toxicity and precise mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Raziani
- Nursing Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001 Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Koroush Cheraghipour
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shakibaie
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Javad Ghasemian Yadegari
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hossein Mahmoudvand
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Norouzi R, Hejazy M, Azizi D, Ataei A. Effect of Taxus baccata L. Extract on Hydatid Cyst Protoscolices In vitro. Arch Razi Inst 2021; 75:473-480. [PMID: 33403842 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2019.125573.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydatidosis is the most important global parasitic infectious disease both in humans and animals, which can lodge at different organs of the host, such as liver, lung (even heart), and brain which may lead to death. Surgery is the main method for the treatment of hydatidosis. In surgical therapy of hydatidosis, the use of sporicidal agents is very important since these agents inactivate live protoscolices and prevent recurrence of infection. Presently, numerous scolicidal chemical agents have been administrated to inactivate the hydatid cyst contents. Recently, there has been a high tendency among researchers to evaluate and present herbal plants as alternative option due to inexpensiveness, availability, low side effects, and toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the scolicidal effect of hydro alcoholic Taxus baccata L. extract in vitro for the first time. The scolicidal activities of the extract were tested in concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg/ml following 10, 30, and 60 min of incubation, and the experiments were performed in triplicate. Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin vital staining. The data were analyzed in SAS software (version 9.4). The results showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Taxus baccata L. at the concentration of 150 mg/ml led to killing 66.6% of protoscolices at 60 min. according to the results of this investigation, it is recommended to use this plant as a scolicidal plant. The findings of the present study showed that Taxus baccata L. had potent scolicidal effects. However, further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of Taxus baccata L. in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Norouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Hejazy
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - D Azizi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - A Ataei
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Ahmadpour E, Godrati-Azar Z, Spotin A, Norouzi R, Hamishehkar H, Nami S, Heydarian P, Rajabi S, Mohammadi M, Perez-Cordon G. Nanostructured lipid carriers of ivermectin as a novel drug delivery system in hydatidosis. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:469. [PMID: 31601244 PMCID: PMC6788095 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus is the causative agent of hydatid disease in humans. This zoonotic parasitic infection remains a major health problem in certain areas of the world where is still endemic. In view of the ineffectiveness of some drug treatments, the surgical removal of cysts remains the preferred treatment option together with the administration of albendazole and mebendazole. However, severe side effects of these drugs have been reported which demands developing new scolicidal agents that confer suitable efficacy and fewer side effects during surgery. Methods To that purpose, in the present work we assessed the effectiveness of ivermectin (IVM), a macrocyclic lactone endectocide that has shown to be an effective nematocidal drug against other important parasitic infections. To overcome the limitations observed in some drug formulations and resistance, we used nano lipid carriers (NLCs) as a targeted and sustained drug delivery system for IVM. We evaluated the in vitro cestocidal and apoptotic effects of NLCs-loaded IVM versus IVM by quantifying the expression of caspase-3 mRNA. Results We found that after 60 and 120 min of administration, 800 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml NLCs-loaded IVM induced 100% mortality, respectively. On the other hand, the 800 μg/ml of IVM induced 100% mortality rate 150 min after administration. Additionally, we found that NLCs-loaded IVM induced higher mRNA caspase-3 expression suggesting a more potent apoptotic effect on the parasite. Conclusions These data suggest that NLCs-loaded IVM may be a promising alternative to current treatments although in vivo studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Zahra Godrati-Azar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adel Spotin
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Norouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Nami
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Peyman Heydarian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saba Rajabi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gregorio Perez-Cordon
- National Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Navvabi A, Homaei A, Khademvatan S, Khadem Ansari MH, Keshavarz M. In vitro study of the scolicidal effects of Echinometra mathaei spine and shell extracts on hydatid cyst protoscolices. Exp Parasitol 2019; 203:19-22. [PMID: 31153894 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Such infections are of considerable public health and economic concern, and new effective treatments are intensely sought. Sea urchin (Salmacis virgulata) shell extracts have potent antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, and spines of several species of echinoderms also show antimicrobial activity. In the present in vitro study, we investigated the scolicidal effect of spines and shells extractions from Echinometra mathaei obtained from the Persian Gulf. Spines and shells from the sea urchin, Echinometra mathaei were used in the tests. Spines and shells from 800 specimens were extracted with dibasic sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). Procedures used protoscolices of E. granulosus were obtained aseptically from hydatid cyst in naturally infected sheep's liver and goats and viable protoscolices exposed with spine and shell extractions. The apoptosis was assessed by measuring the caspase 3 activity of the extract-treated protoscolices, using ELISA-based commercial kits to determine caspase activity. The scolicidal effects of shells were also showed, 20 μg/ml of shell extracts after 60 min exposure, the viability of protoscolices were 21.99 ± 0.01. The results showed that 20 μg/ml of spines gave maximum scolicidal activity (p < 0.05). This study represents the first attempt at combatting echinoid parasites by natural compounds with high efficiency, and may provide a base for future treatment of hydatid cysts.
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Abstract
In many countries of Mediterranean area, abattoirs are not equipped with incinerators. This led us to find an alternative that may be the freezing of organs before they are thrown into landfills. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the scolicidal effect of refrigeration at 4°C and freezing at -18°C. Different refrigeration times (24 and 48 h) and freezing times (3, 6, and 9 h) have been used in triplicate. Refrigeration at 4°C was not sufficient to completely kill protoscolex. For 24 h, the mortality rate did not exceed 44.44%. After 48 h, mortality rates varied from 20.13% to 65.49%. The freezing at -18 °C for 3 h remained insufficient to kill all protoscoleces although the mortality rate increased to 87.28%. However, freezing at -18 °C for 6 and 9 h has been found to be very effective in killing all protoscoleces present in the hydatid liquids. The present study demonstrates that freezing organs seized for hydatidosis at -18°C for at least 6 h may be an alternative to incineration and will sterilize hydatid cysts before they are dumped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouidri Mokhtaria
- Laboratory of Parasitology of the Veterinary Institute, Ibn Khaldoun University, P.O. Box 78, Zaaroura Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Selles Sidi Mohammed Ammar
- Laboratory of Parasitology of the Veterinary Institute, Ibn Khaldoun University, P.O. Box 78, Zaaroura Tiaret, Algeria
- Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn Khaldoun University, P.O. Box 78, Zaaroura Tiaret, Algeria
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Amiri K, Nasibi S, Mehrabani M, Nematollahi MH, Harandi MF. In vitro evaluation on the scolicidal effect of Myrtus communis L. and Tripleurospermum disciforme L. methanolic extracts. Exp Parasitol 2019; 199:111-115. [PMID: 30862496 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydatid disease, a zoonotic disease, is still endemic in many developing countries that is caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus (E.) granulosus. Surgical management is one of the best choices for the treatment of the hydatidosis and using effective scolicidal agents during hydatid surgery is essential to prevent the secondary infection. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the scolicidal effect of the methanolic extract of Myrtus communis and Tripleurospermum disciforme against protoscoleces of hydatid cyst. Protoscoleces of E. granulosus were aspirated aseptically from infected livers. Various concentrations of M. communis and T. disciforme extracts at different exposure times were examined for their scolicidal activity. Normal saline and silver nitrate were used as negative and positive groups, correspondingly. The viability of protoscoleces was evaluated by 0.1% eosin. The result of the current study indicated that the highest scolicidal effect (100%) of M. communis was obtained at 100 and 50 mg/ml concentrations and LC50 in 10, 20 and 30 min were 11.64 mg/ml, 7.62 mg/ml, and 6.47 mg/ml respectively. The scolicidal activity of T. disciforme was negligible even at high concentration. The findings have shown that the scolicidal activity of M. communis against echinococcosis protoscoleces was strong, while the T. disciforme extract showed fewer effects. However, further studies are required for identification of the active ingredients in the extract and its safety on cells in effective concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Amiri
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeid Nasibi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mitra Mehrabani
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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MOAZENI M, SAHARKHIZ MJ, ALAVI AM. The Lethal Effect of a Nano Emulsion of Satureja hortensis Essential Oil on Protoscoleces and Germinal Layer of Hydatid Cysts. Iran J Parasitol 2019; 14:214-222. [PMID: 31543909 PMCID: PMC6737361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New scolicidal agents and novel therapeutic drugs are essential for better management of the zoonotic infection, hydatid disease. This study evaluated the effect of a nanoemulsion (NE) of Satureja hortensis essential oil (SHEO) on protoscoleces and germinal layer of hydatid cysts. METHODS This study was conducted from July to October 2016 in Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were performed to identify the main components of SHEO. To determine the scolicidal power of the NE of SHEO, live protoscoleces of hydatid cysts were exposed to two concentrations (1 and, 2 mg/mL) of the NE and incubated at 37 °C for 10 and 20 min. To evaluate the anti-hydatid effect of the NE of SHEO, the collected hydatid cysts from the abdominal cavities of the experimentally infected mice were immersed in the NE (0.5 mg/ml) and incubated at 22 °C for 24 h. RESULTS Carvacrol and γ-terpinene were the major components of the SHEO. NE of SHEO at the concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/mL showed 100% scolicidal power after 20 and 10 min respectively. Exposure of the hydatid cysts to the NE of SHEO resulted in crumpling of their germinal layer and detachment of this layer from the laminated layer. CONCLUSION NE of SHEO showed a strong scolicidal activity as well as a profound lethal effect on the germinal layer of hydatid cysts. Accordingly, this product may be used as a natural scolicidal agent in hydatid cyst surgery. Furthermore, it may be used as a therapeutic tool for treatment of hydatid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad MOAZENI
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran,Correspondence
| | | | - Amir Mootabi ALAVI
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Mahmoudvand H, Kheirandish F, Dezaki ES, Shamsaddini S, Harandi MF. Chemical composition, efficacy and safety of Pistacia vera (var. Fandoghi) to inactivate protoscoleces during hydatid cyst surgery. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:393-8. [PMID: 27470377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, various scolicidal agents have been used for inactivation of protoscoleces during hydatid cyst surgery, however, they are associated with serious adverse side effects including sclerosing colangititis (biliary tract fibrosis), liver necrosis and methaemoglobinaemia. This investigation was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro scolicidal effects of Pistacia vera (var. Fandoghi) essential oil against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts and also its toxicity in mice model. The components of the P. vera essential oil were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis. Protoscoleces were aseptically aspirated from sheep livers having hydatid cysts. Various concentrations of the essential oil (25-200μl/mL) were used for 5-30min. Viability of protoscoleces was confirmed using eosin exclusion test (0.1% eosin staining). In addition, forty male NIH mice were used to determine the acute and sub-acute toxicity of P. vera essential oil for 2 and 14 days, respectively. The main components of P. vera essential oil were limonene (26.21%), α-pinene (18.07%), α-thujene (9.31%) and α-terpinolene (9.28%). Findings of the present study demonstrated that the P. vera essential oil at the concentrations of 100 and 200μl/mL killed 100% protoscoleces after 10 and 5min of exposure, respectively. The LD50 values of intraperitoneal injection of the P. vera essential oil was 2.69ml/kg body weight, and the maximum nonfatal doses were 1.94ml/kg body weight. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the clinical chemistry and hematological parameters following oral administrations of P. vera essential oil at the doses 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4ml/kg for 14 days. The obtained findings demonstrated new chemical composition and promising scolicidal activity of the P. vera with no significant toxicity which might be used as a natural scolicidal agent in hydatid cyst surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mahmoudvand
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kheirandish
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Saedi Dezaki
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-14111, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shamsaddini
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-14111, Iran
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-14111, Iran.
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Almalki E, Al-Shaebi EM, Al-Quarishy S, El-Matbouli M, Abdel-Baki AS. In vitro effectiveness of Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale extracts on Echinococcus protoscoleces. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 24:90-4. [PMID: 28053576 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydatid disease is an important economic and human public health problem with a wide geographical distribution. Surgical excision remains the primary treatment and the only hope for complete cure of hydatosis. The most important complications arising from surgical excision, however, is recurrence, which is due to dissemination of protoscolices during the surgery. Pre-surgical inactivation of the contents of the hydatid cyst by injection of scolicidal agent into the cyst has been used as adjunct to surgery in order to overcome the risk of recurrence. In the present study, ethanolic extracts of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) were tested as scolicidal agent for Echinococcus protoscoleces. Protoscoleces were collected aseptically from sheep livers containing hydatid cysts. Three concentrations (10, 30 and 50 mg/ml) of each extract were investigated and viability of the protoscoleces was tested by 0.1% eosin staining. Ginger extract showed the strongest scolicidal effect (100%) after 20 min at a concentration of 30 mg/ml and 10 min at 50 mg/ml. The maximum scolicidal effect of turmeric was 93.2% after 30 min at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. It is concluded that turmeric and ginger extracts have high scolicidal activity and could be used as effective scolicidal agents against Echinococcus protoscoleces.
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Mahmoudvand H, Mirbadie SR, Ghasemi Kia M, Badparva E, Shamsadini Lori S, Fasihi Harandi M. Efficacy of Pistacia khinjuk Fruits on Viability of Hydatid Cyst Protoscoleces and Its Acute Toxicity in Mice Model. Iran J Parasitol 2016; 11:383-8. [PMID: 28127345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This investigation aimed to evaluate the in vitro scolicidal effects of Pistacia khinjuk methanolic extract against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts and its acute toxicity in mice NMRI model. METHODS Protoscoleces were aseptically extracted from sheep livers having hydatid cysts. Various concentrations of the essential oil (12.5-100 mg/mL) were used for 10 to 60 min. Viability of protoscoleces was confirmed using eosin exclusion test (0.1% eosin staining). Twenty-four male NMRI mice were used to assess the acute toxicity of P. khinjuk. RESULTS P. khinjuk extract at the concentrations of 100 mg/mL after 10 min of exposure killed 100% of protoscoleces. Similarly, the mean of mortality rate of protoscoleces after 20 min of exposure to the concentration of 50 mg/mL was 100%. The LD50 of the intraperitoneal injection of the P. khinjuk methanolic extract was 2.8 g/kg and the maximum non-fatal dose was 1.7 g/kg. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrated effective scolicidal effects of P. khinjuk extract with no considerable toxicity that might be a natural source for the producing of new scolicidal agent.
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Shahnazi M, Azadmehr A, Latifi R, Hajiaghaee R, Saraei M, Alipour M. In vitro protoscolicidal effects of various concentrations of Ziziphora tenuior L. extract at different exposure times. Avicenna J Phytomed 2016; 6:376-82. [PMID: 27516978 PMCID: PMC4967833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hydatidosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases and surgery is still the main treatment for this problem. One of the side effects of hydatid cyst surgery is recurrence, thus, searching and assessment of some new agents such as medicinal plant extracts are very important. In the present study, the scolicidal effect of ethanolic extract of Ziziphora tenuior (Z. tenuior) was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Protoscolices were aseptically collected from sheep livers containing hydatid cyst and used in the experiments. Z. tenuior extract was used at concentration of 3-100 mg/ml for 10-60 min. Viability of protoscolices was determined by 0.1% eosin staining. RESULTS Based on our results, Z. tenuior extract at concentration of 10 mg/ml killed all protoscolices after 20 min. However, this medicinal plant at concentration of 25 mg/ml destroyed all protoscolices in a shorter exposure time (10 min). Therefore, the scolicidal activity of the extract at 10 and 25 mg/ml concentrations was considerably effective in lower concentrations and shorter exposure times. CONCLUSION The findings of this study showed that the ethanolic extract of Z. tenuior produces high scolicidal activity; it may be used as an appropriate and effective scolicidal agent in hydatidosis surgery. This is the first report on the protoscolicidal activity of Z. tenuior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shahnazi
- Department of Parasitology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran,Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abbas Azadmehr
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Research Center, health research institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Immunology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98 -28-33330534, Fax:+98 -28-33330534,
| | - Robabeh Latifi
- Department of Parasitology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Reza Hajiaghaee
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutics Department of Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Saraei
- Department of Parasitology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alipour
- Department of Social Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Rahimi MT, Ahmadpour E, Rahimi Esboei B, Spotin A, Kohansal Koshki MH, Alizadeh A, Honary S, Barabadi H, Ali Mohammadi M. Scolicidal activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices. Int J Surg 2015; 19:128-33. [PMID: 26028438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cystic hydatid disease (CHD), a helminth infection with various clinical complications caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus is considered as a public health problem in different regions of the world. To date, scolicidal agents have been broadly applied for inactivation of the fertile cysts and these scolicidal agents have several side effects on patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the scolicidal efficacies of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from the aqueous aerial extract of Penicillium aculeatum against protoscolices of CHD in-vitro. Protoscolices were aseptically aspirated from infected livers of sheep with CHD. Various concentrations (0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 mg/mL) of green synthesis of Ag-NPs and different exposure times (10, 30, 60 and 120 min) were used against protoscolices of CHD. Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin staining. The findings showed that the Ag-NPs at all concentrations have high scolicidal effects. The concentrations 0.1 and 0.15 mg/mL after 120 min of exposure times showed 83% and 90% mortality rate, respectively. The least scolicidal activity of biosynthesized Ag-NPs was 40% (0.025 mg/mL and 10 min). The current investigation indicated that applying biogenic Ag-NPs may be considered as a potential scolicidal agent for CHD surgery due to being economical, safer and non-toxic compared to the used chemical materials. However, further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of Ag-NPs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Rahimi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Rahimi Esboei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adel Spotin
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Kohansal Koshki
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ahad Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Honary
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamed Barabadi
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sari, Iran
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14
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Jahanbakhsh S, Azadpour M, Tavakoli Kareshk A, Keyhani A, Mahmoudvand H. Zataria multiflora Bioss: lethal effects of methanolic extract against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus. J Parasit Dis 2015; 40:1289-1292. [PMID: 27876932 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-015-0670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the lethal effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss (Lamiaceae) methanolic extract against Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. Protoscoleces were aseptically aspirated from sheep livers having hydatid cysts. Various concentrations of the essential oil (2.5-20 mg/mL) were used for 10-60 min. Viability of protoscoleces was confirmed using eosin exclusion test (0.1 % eosin staining). Obtained results showed that Z. multiflora extract at the concentration of 20 mg/mL after 10 min of exposure killed 100 % protoscoleces. The mean of mortality rate of protoscoleces after 20 min of exposure to the concentration of 10 mg/mL was also 100 %. Lower concentrations of Z. multiflora extract provoked a delayed protoscolicidal activity. The findings indicated potential of Z. multiflora methanolic extract as a natural source for the producing of new scolicidal agent for use in hydatid cyst surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Jahanbakhsh
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojgan Azadpour
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Amir Tavakoli Kareshk
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Keyhani
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Mahmoudvand
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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15
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MAHMOUDVAND H, SAEDI DEZAKI E, SHARIFIFAR F, EZATPOUR B, JAHANBAKHSH S, FASIHI HARANDI M. Protoscolecidal Effect of Berberis vulgaris Root Extract and Its Main Compound, Berberine in Cystic Echinococcosis. Iran J Parasitol 2014; 9:503-10. [PMID: 25759731 PMCID: PMC4345089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by the metacestode (larvae) stage of dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus and recognized as a major economic and public health concern in the world. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro scolicidal effect of methanolic extract of Berberis vulgaris L. roots and its main compound, berberine against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts. METHODS For this purpose, protoscoleces were aseptically aspirated from sheep livers having hydatid cysts. Various concentrations of the methanolic extract (0.25-2 mg/ml) and berberine (0.062- 0.5 mg/ml) were used for 5 to 30 min. Viability of protoscoleces was confirmed by eosin exclusive test. RESULTS In the present study, all of the various concentrations of the B. vulgaris methanolic extract (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml) and berberine (0.062, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml) revealed significant (P<0.05) scolicidal effects against protoscoleces of E. granulosus in a dose-dependent manner. Both berberine and methanolic extract exhibited 100% inhibition against protoscoleces of E. granulosus at the concentration of 2.0 and 0.5 mg/ml after 10 min incubation, respectively. CONCLUSION According to the results, both B. vulgaris methanolic extract and berberine alone demonstrated high scolicidal activities against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts in low concentration and short exposure time on in vitro model. However, in vivo efficacy of B. vulgaris and berberine also requires to be evaluated using an animal model with hydatid infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein MAHMOUDVAND
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman, Iran
| | - Ebrahim SAEDI DEZAKI
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman, Iran
| | - Fariba SHARIFIFAR
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Behrouz EZATPOUR
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Sareh JAHANBAKHSH
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid FASIHI HARANDI
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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16
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Moazeni M, Saharkhiz MJ, Hoseini AA, Alavi AM. In vitro scolicidal effect of Satureja khuzistanica (Jamzad) essential oil. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012; 2:616-20. [PMID: 23569981 PMCID: PMC3609354 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the scolicidal effect of the Satureja khuzistanica (S. khuzistanica)essential oil from aerial parts of this herbal plant. METHODS The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation method. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil. Protoscolices were collected aseptically from sheep livers containing hydatid cyst. Protoscolices were exposed to various concentrations of the oil (3, 5 and 10 mg/mL) for 10, 20, 30, and 60 min. Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin staining. RESULTS : A total of 19 compounds representing 97.6% of the total oil, were identified. Carvacrol (94.9%) was found to be the major essential oil constituent. Scolicidal activity of S. khuzistanica essential oil at concentration of 3 mg/mL was 28.58, 32.71, 37.20 and 42.02%, respectively. This essential oil at concentration of 5 mg/mL killed 51.33, 66.68, 81.12, and 100% of protoscolices after 10, 20, 30 and 60 min, respectively. One hundred scolicidal effect was observed with S. khuzistanica essential oil at the concentration of 10 mg/mL after 10 min (comparing with 7.19% for control group). CONCLUSIONS The essential oil of S. khuzistanica is rich in carvacrol and may be used as a natural scolicidal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moazeni
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71345-1731, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jamal Saharkhiz
- Department of Horticultural Science, Collage of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71345-1731, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Hoseini
- Graduate Student of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71345-1731, Iran
| | - Amir Mootabi Alavi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71345-1731, Iran
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