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Hesp PA, Hernández-Calvento L, Hernández-Cordero AI, Gallego-Fernández JB, Romero LG, Miot da Silva G, Ruz MH. Nebkha development and sediment supply. Sci Total Environ 2021; 773:144815. [PMID: 33940704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the role of sediment supply in controlling the formation and the spatial patterns of nebkha, numbers and sizes, present in foredunes fronting coastal dunefields of the arid northwest African and the Canary Islands coasts. Sediment supply is estimated qualitatively and quantitatively by various measures, and the number and size of nebkhas are obtained on a range of beach-dune systems. In the case of the Canary Islands, LiDAR data and orthophotos with high spatial resolution (0.25 m) are used to measure sediment supply/activity, nebkha numbers and sizes, and vegetation variables, whereas data availability is less on the African coast. Results show that sediment supply exerts a major control on nebkha development such that as sediment supply increases, the number of coastal nebkha decreases, and the size of individual plants/nebkha increases. Once sediment supply is large, nebkha can only form on the immediate backshore if space is available, and a point is reached when the sediment supply is so large that nebkha do not, or cannot form. The data presented here provide two indicators which could be applicable to other dune systems. Firstly, by estimating the number of nebkha and the vegetation cover, the degree of aeolian sedimentary activity or sediment supply might be estimated. Secondly, the type of aeolian landform present provides a qualitative indication of sediment supply and aeolian activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Hesp
- Beach and Dune Systems (BEADS) Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia.
| | - Luis Hernández-Calvento
- Grupo de Geografía Física y Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada ULPGC-CSIC, CTM Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Antonio I Hernández-Cordero
- Grupo de Geografía Física y Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada ULPGC-CSIC, CTM Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Juan B Gallego-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, P. Box 1095, 41080 Seville, Spain
| | - Levi García Romero
- Grupo de Geografía Física y Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada ULPGC-CSIC, CTM Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Graziela Miot da Silva
- Beach and Dune Systems (BEADS) Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Marie-Helene Ruz
- Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR CNRS 8187, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 32 Ave Foch, 62930 Wimereux, France
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Russell KL, Vietz GJ, Fletcher TD. Urban sediment supply to streams from hillslope sources. Sci Total Environ 2019; 653:684-697. [PMID: 30759594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coarse-grained sediments supplied to a stream, in concert with the flow regime, play an important role in channel form and functioning, but are poorly understood in urban catchments. Improved knowledge of coarse-grained (>0.5 mm) sediment sources and supply rates will underpin strategies to mitigate impacts of urbanization on streams. We quantified key hillslope (i.e. non-channel) sources of sediment in urban areas by monitoring coarse-grained sediment yields from nine street-scale stormwater catchments over one year. From our observations, we developed a suburban hillslope sediment budget and a conceptual model of the response of hillslope coarse-grained sediment supply to different levels of urbanization. Coarse-grained sediment supply from the urban land surface was substantial. The highest unit-area yields came from infill construction sites (2800 kg/ha/yr), followed by gravel surfaces (740 kg/ha/yr), grass/mulch surfaces (84 kg/ha/yr), then impervious surfaces (21 kg/ha/yr), with the latter still producing yields far above background conditions. In typical suburban catchments grass and mulch surfaces and construction areas were key sources, with gravel and impervious surfaces making smaller contributions. Small source areas were important, for example construction produced 32% of sediment from 0.5% of the area. Connectivity of sediment sources to impervious surfaces, and hence to drainage systems, was important in driving sediment yields. Our conceptual model indicates that hillslope coarse-grained sediment supply increases with urbanization from natural to suburban conditions as connectivity increases, then declines with higher levels of urbanization as sources become scarcer. Impervious surfaces provide sources and supply pathways of coarse sediment, but also increase sediment transport capacity, causing severely supply-limited conditions and reducing the persistence of bed sediments in streams. When reducing hydrological connectivity to address the urban flow regime, consideration should be given to maintaining coarse-grained sediment supply through bypass or replenishment arrangements, to help reduce stream degradation and maintain form and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Russell
- University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, VIC, Australia.
| | - Geoff J Vietz
- University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim D Fletcher
- University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, VIC, Australia
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Goff J, Knight J, Sugawara D, Terry JP. Anthropogenic disruption to the seismic driving of beach ridge formation: The Sendai coast, Japan. Sci Total Environ 2016; 544:18-23. [PMID: 26657245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The expected geomorphic after-effects of the Mw 9.0 Tōhoku-oki earthquake of 11 March 2011 (eastern Japan) are summarized by a schematic model of seismic driving, which details seismogenic disturbances to sediment systems that affect the rate or timing of sediment delivery to coastlines over timescales of 10(2)-10(4)years. The immediate physical environmental responses to this high-magnitude earthquake included a large tsunami and extensive region-wide slope failures. Normally, slope failures within mountain catchments would have significant impacts on Japan's river and coastal geomorphology in the coming decades with, for example, a new beach ridge expected to form within 20-100 years on the Sendai Plain. However, human activity has significantly modified the rate and timing of geomorphic processes of the region, which will have impacts on likely geomorphic responses to seismic driving. For example, the rivers draining into Sendai Bay have been dammed, providing sediment traps that will efficiently capture bedload and much suspended sediment in transit through the river system. Instead of the expected ~1 km of coastal progradation and formation of a ~3m high beach ridge prior to the next large tsunami, it is likely that progradation of the Sendai Plain will continue to slow or even cease as a result of damming of river systems and capture of river sediments behind dams. The resulting reduction of fluvial sediment delivery to the coast due to modification of rivers inadvertently makes seawalls and other engineered coastal structures even more necessary than they would be otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Goff
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Jasper Knight
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Daisuke Sugawara
- Hazard and Risk Evaluation Research Division, International Research, Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Aoba 468-1, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
| | - James P Terry
- College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities, Zayed University, PO Box 19282, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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