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Liu Y, Ke Y, Wu H, Zhang C, Chen X. A satellite-based hybrid model for trophic state evaluation in inland waters across China. Environ Res 2023; 225:115509. [PMID: 36801233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is one of the major threats to the inland water ecosystem. Satellite remote sensing provides a promising way to monitor trophic state at large spatial scale in an efficient manner. Currently, most satellite-based trophic state evaluation approaches have focused on water quality parameters retrieval (e.g., transparency, chlorophyll-a), based on which trophic state was evaluated. However, the retrieval accuracies of individual parameter do not meet the demand for accurate trophic state evaluation, especially for the turbid inland waters. In this study, we proposed a novel hybrid model to estimate trophic state index (TSI) by integrating multiple spectral indices associated with different eutrophication level based on Sentinel-2 imagery. The TSI estimated by the proposed method agreed well with the in-situ TSI observations, with root mean square error (RMSE) of 6.93 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 13.77%. Compared with the independent observations from Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the estimated monthly TSI also showed good consistency (RMSE=5.91,MAPE=10.66%). Furthermore, the congruent performance of the proposed method in the 11 sample lakes (RMSE=5.91,MAPE=10.66%) and the 51 ungauged lakes (RMSE=7.16,MAPE=11.56%) indicated the favorable model generalization. The proposed method was then applied to assess the trophic state of 352 permanent lakes and reservoirs across China during the summers of 2016-2021. It showed that 10%, 60%, 28%, and 2% of the lakes/reservoirs are in oligotrophic, mesotrophic, light eutrophic, and middle eutrophic states respectively. Eutrophic waters are concentrated in the Middle-and-Lower Yangtze Plain, the Northeast Plain, and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Overall, this study improved the trophic state representativeness and revealed trophic state spatial distribution of Chinese inland waters, which has the significant meanings for aquatic environment protection and water resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Engineering Research Center of Earth Observation and Navigation (CEON), Ministry of Education of the PRC, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yinghai Ke
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; Laboratory Cultivation Base of Environment Process and Digital Simulation, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Huan Wu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Laboratory (Zhuhai), And School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Engineering Research Center of Earth Observation and Navigation (CEON), Ministry of Education of the PRC, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiuwan Chen
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Engineering Research Center of Earth Observation and Navigation (CEON), Ministry of Education of the PRC, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
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