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Thakur S, Sharma A, Cieśla R, Mishra PK, Sharma V. A novel approach using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric analysis to distinguish male and female human hair samples. Naturwissenschaften 2024; 111:9. [PMID: 38342817 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
This article presents an attempt to discriminate between human male and female hair samples using a single strand of scalp hair. The methodology involves the non-destructive application of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis. A total of 96 hair samples, evenly distributed between 48 male and 48 female volunteers from India, were collected. Spectral analysis revealed subtle differences between the two groups, and reliance on visual interpretation might introduce biasness. To avoid subjective biases, chemometric techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were employed for enhanced data visualization and separation. PCA results revealed that the first 10 principal components accounted for 93% of the total variance, with three significant PCs. The PLS-DA model demonstrated a remarkable sensitivity and specificity in sex discrimination from hair samples, establishing its efficacy as a robust classification tool. Furthermore, the proposed model exhibited 100% accuracy in predicting unknown samples, underscoring its potential applicability in real-world scenarios. These outcomes affirm the viability of our approach for non-invasive classification of human male and female hair based on single-strand scalp hair analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Thakur
- Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Rafał Cieśla
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Law, Administration and Economics, University of Wrocław, Uniwersytecka Street 22-26, 50-145, Wrocław, PL, Poland
| | - Pawan Kumar Mishra
- Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.
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Chartrain J, Knott KE, Michalczyk Ł, Calhim S. First evidence of sex-specific responses to chemical cues in tardigrade mate searching behaviour. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245836. [PMID: 37599615 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Chemical cues are widely used in intraspecific and interspecific communication, either as substances deposited in the substrate or as molecules diffused in water or air. In tardigrades, an emerging microscopic study system, chemical communication and its role in reproduction are poorly known. Here, we assessed sex differences in the detection of (a) short-range diffusing signals and (b) deposited cue trails during the mate-searching behaviour of freely moving virgin male and female Macrobiotus polonicus. We tracked individual behaviour (a) in simultaneous double-choice chambers, where live conspecifics of each sex were presented in water and (b) of freely moving pairs on agar without water. We found that males, but not females, preferentially associated with opposite-sex individuals in trials conducted in water. In contrast, neither sex detected nor followed cues deposited on agar. In conclusion, our study suggests that mate discrimination and approach are male-specific traits and are limited to waterborne chemical cues. These results support the existence of Darwinian sex roles in pre-mating behaviour in an animal group with virtually non-existing sex differences in morphology or ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Chartrain
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - K Emily Knott
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Łukasz Michalczyk
- Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sara Calhim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
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Otsuki K, Kodani I, Zangpo D, Nakatome M, Iino M. Development of New Formulas for Sex and Age Estimation by Assessing Maxillary Sinus Morphology on CBCT. Yonago Acta Med 2023; 66:112-119. [PMID: 36820292 PMCID: PMC9937954 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The morphology of the maxillary sinus varies between individuals which could be used in the forensic personal identification process. Methods In the current study, the CBCT images of the maxillary sinus in 453 patients (217 males, 236 females) aged 14 to 95 years were analyzed. In particular, each left, and right maxillary sinus of the subjects was measured for its maximum height, width, and breadth in 2-D, and volume in 3-D perspectives, and their usefulness for age and sex estimation was examined. Regarding age estimation, because the size of the maxillary sinus increases up to 20s and then decreases over time, two separate age estimation formulas were created, one for subjects in their 14-21 years and the other for those over 22 years old. For each age group, multiple regression formulas were generated using the diameters and volume as explanatory variables and the chronological age as a response variable. This study used 150 cases not included in the study as a validation set for age estimation. Results Generally, all the diameters and volumes in both sinuses tended to increase till the mid-20s, and then gradually decreased over time. The derived formulas were tested for their accuracy on additional 150 subjects. Plausibly, the model could estimate the age between 14-21 years old with an average accuracy of ± 1.8 years for men and ± 3.2 years for women. Whereas for those over 22 years old, it was possible to estimate the age with an accuracy of ± 11.8 years for males and ± 10.3 years for females, respectively. A comparison of estimated age and chronological age did not show a statistically significant difference(P > 0.05). It was found that the left maxillary sinus had more age groups showing the most significant difference than other measurements between sexes(P < 0.05). The maxillary sinus height may be significantly affected by gender differences. Conclusion Overall, this study showed the effectiveness of age and sex estimation using the maxillary sinus morphometric analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Otsuki
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Department of Social Medicine,
School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Biopathological Surgery,
Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, School of Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Isamu Kodani
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Biopathological Surgery,
Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, School of Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Dawa Zangpo
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Department of Social Medicine,
School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Masato Nakatome
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Department of Social Medicine,
School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Morio Iino
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Department of Social Medicine,
School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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de la Zerda SH, Netser S, Magalnik H, Briller M, Marzan D, Glatt S, Abergel Y, Wagner S. Social recognition in laboratory mice requires integration of behaviorally-induced somatosensory, auditory and olfactory cues. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 143:105859. [PMID: 35816892 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In humans, discrimination between individuals, also termed social recognition, can rely on a single sensory modality, such as vision. By analogy, social recognition in rodents is thought to be based upon olfaction. Here, we hypothesized that social recognition in rodents relies upon integration of olfactory, auditory and somatosensory cues, hence requiring active behavior of social stimuli. Using distinct social recognition tests, we demonstrated that adult male mice do not exhibit recognition of familiar stimuli or learn the identity of novel stimuli that are inactive due to anesthesia. We further revealed that impairing the olfactory, somatosensory or auditory systems prevents behavioral recognition of familiar stimuli. Finally, we found that familiar and novel stimuli generate distinct movement patterns during social discrimination and that subjects react differentially to the movement of these stimuli. Thus, unlike what occurs in humans, social recognition in mice relies on integration of information from several sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Haskal de la Zerda
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shai Netser
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hen Magalnik
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mayan Briller
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dan Marzan
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sigal Glatt
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yasmin Abergel
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shlomo Wagner
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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Şahin ZN, Sahin EC, Aydin Y, Uncuoglu AA. Molecular sexual determinants in Pistacia genus by KASP assay. Mol Biol Rep 2022. [PMID: 35235154 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pistacia is a genus of dioecious plant species whose trees can take 4-5 years to reach the economically valuable fruit-bearing stage. The fruits have great importance as raw material in the food, healthcare, and baking industries. For that reason, the identification of individual plants in the early juvenile period for the pollination and positioning of trees is crucial for growers. The objective of this study is to develop markers for each Pistacia species that can help in screening the sex of plant seedlings before they reach the reproductive stage, without waiting for morphological characteristics to appear. METHODS AND RESULTS Within this context, by using the power of the kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assay technology as a marker screening system, we successfully discriminated seven out of eight Pistacia species: P. atlantica, P. integerrima, P. khinjuk, P. mutica, P. terebinthus, P. vera, and P. lentiscus. We used a high-throughput DNA sequence read archive (SRA) to assemble a reference genome that was employed in our studies as a de novo bioinformatics method. Four genomic regions from SRA and three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) positions from Kafkas et al. BMC Genomics 16:98, 2015) were selected and sequenced with collected plant material from predominantly the Antepfıstıgı Research Institute Collection Garden, and eight species were aligned intraspecifically for SNP mining. In total, 12 SNP markers were converted to KASP markers, and 5 of them (SNP-PIS-133396, SNP-PIS-167992, P-ATL-91951-565, P-INT-91951-256, P-KHI-91951-115) showed clear allelic discrimination between male and female plants. SNP-PIS-167992 and P-ATL-91951-565 were identified as the best marker assays because they showed allelic frequency differences for all individuals and for both homozygous and heterozygous characters. These markers could be the most comprehensive ones for the whole genus because they showed discriminative power for several species. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first one to use the KASP assay for sex discrimination in Pistacia species, and it can be regarded as a precursor study for sex discrimination by KASP for plants in general.
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Sharma S, Kaur H, Singh R. Sex discrimination from urine traces for forensic purposes using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:1755-1765. [PMID: 35083508 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of ATR FT-IR spectroscopy are extremely attractive and escalating popularity in the field of body fluid analysis owing to its non-destructive, rapid, and reliable nature. Herein, the present study establishes that how ATR FT-IR spectroscopy could be utilized as a non-destructive, non-invasive, and confirmatory technique for sex discrimination from dry urine traces. Traces of body fluids are of paramount importance to criminal investigations as a major source of individualization by DNA profiling. However, the significance of DNA profiling from urine traces is highly diminished due to the small amount of DNA in urine traces. For that reason, the sex discrimination between the male and female donors is sorely desirable. In this study, ATR FT-IR spectroscopy in combination with partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model unequivocally demonstrated the successful sex discrimination of an individual from dry traces of urine with 95.3% accuracy. PCA-Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) approach provided 85.2% of accuracy; however, PCA could not provide the sufficient findings for the discrimination of male and female urine spectra. The validation study was conducted and obtained 0% rates of false-positive and negative assignments. Additionally, this study also attended to assess the influence of substrates on the analysis of urine traces and results have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety Sharma
- School of Forensic Science LNJN NICFS, National Forensic Science University, Delhi campus, Delhi, 110085, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Rajinder Singh
- School of Forensic Science LNJN NICFS, National Forensic Science University, Delhi campus, Delhi, 110085, India
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Carrito ML, Bem-Haja P, Silva CF, Perrett DI, Santos IM. Event-related potentials modulated by the perception of sexual dimorphism: The influence of attractiveness and sex of faces. Biol Psychol 2018; 137:1-11. [PMID: 29913202 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism has been proposed as one of the facial traits to have evolved through sexual selection and to affect attractiveness perception. Even with numerous studies documenting its effect on attractiveness and mate choice, the neurophysiological correlates of the perception of sexual dimorphism are not yet fully understood. In the present study, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during visualisation of faces that had been previously transformed in shape to appear more masculine or more feminine. The participants' task consisted of judging the attractiveness of half of the total number of faces, and performing a sex discrimination task on the other half. Both early and late potentials were modulated by the sex of faces, whereas the effect of the sexually dimorphic transform was mainly visible in the P2 (positive deflection around 200 ms after stimulus onset), EPN (early posterior negativity) and LPP (late positive potential) components. There was an effect of sexual dimorphism on P2 and EPN amplitudes when female participants visualised male faces, which may indicate that masculinity is particularly attended to when viewing opposite sex members. Also, ERP results seem to support the idea of sex differences in social categorisation decisions regarding faces, although differences were not evident on behavioural results. In general, these findings contribute to a better understanding of how humans perceive sexually dimorphic characteristics in other individuals' faces and how they affect attractiveness judgements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Carrito
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; ISPA - Instituto Universitário, William James Center for Research, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Psychology at University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - P Bem-Haja
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C F Silva
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - D I Perrett
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Mary's Quad, South Street, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9JP, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - I M Santos
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Carliner H, Sarvet AL, Gordon AR, Hasin DS. Gender discrimination, educational attainment, and illicit drug use among U.S. women. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017; 52:279-89. [PMID: 28025690 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While gender inequality has been a topic of concern for decades, little is known about the relationship between gender discrimination and illicit drug use. Further, whether this association varies by education level is unknown. METHODS Among 19,209 women participants in Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (2004-2005), we used logistic regression to test the association between gender discrimination (measured with four items from the Experiences of Discrimination instrument) and three outcomes: past-year illicit drug use, frequent drug use, and drug use disorders. We then tested whether associations differed by education level. RESULTS Gender discrimination was reported by 9% of women and was associated with past-year drug use [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.17-3.29], frequent drug use (aOR = 2.82; CI 1.99-4.00), and past-year drug use disorders (aOR = 3.15; CI 2.16-4.61). All specific domains of gender discrimination (on the job, in public, with institutions, being called a sexist name) were associated with all drug use outcomes. The association between gender discrimination and past-year drug use was stronger among women with less than a high school education (aOR = 6.33; CI 3.38-11.85) compared to those with more education (aOR = 2.45; CI 1.97-3.04; p interaction < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Gender discrimination is consistently and strongly associated with illicit drug use and drug use disorders among U.S. women, with significantly higher odds for drug use among women with less than a high school education. Future research should examine whether explicitly addressing distress from discrimination could benefit women in drug treatment, especially among clients with lower educational attainment.
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Kano T, Oritani S, Michiue T, Ishikawa T, Hishmat AM, Sogawa N, Inamori-Kawamoto O, Maeda H. Postmortem CT morphometry with a proposal of novel parameters for sex discrimination of the mandible using Japanese adult data. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2015; 17:167-71. [PMID: 25595037 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Major human sex differences in the mandible after adolescence include the overall size as well as the shape of the chin and mandibular angle; however, objective interpretation of discrimination accuracy is difficult for these morphological indicators. The present study investigated measurements of the mandible for sex discrimination using postmortem CT morphometry in forensic autopsy cases of Japanese subjects after adolescence (age>16 years; male, n=116, and female, n=106), including the proposal of novel parameters representing the overall mandibular size and shape. The distance between the gnathion and condylus (gn-cdl), and bigonial width (go-go), as well as the angle formed by bilateral gn-cdl lines (Agn-cdl), correlated with bicondylar breadth (cdl-cdl), independent of the body height, showing no significant sex difference. The distance from the gn to the cdl-cdl line (oblique length), the ratio of Agn-cdl to cdl-cdl, and the oblique triangular area formed by bilateral gn-cdl and cdl-cdl lines (Δobl), which were proposed as indicators of chin protrusion, showed significant sex differences (p<0.001). Overall sensitivity and specificity at respective discriminating points for sex estimation were 0.72 and 0.78 at 105.0mm for the oblique length, 0.73 and 0.83 at 0.49 for the Agn-cdl to cdl-cdl ratio, and 0.82 and 0.78 at 643 mm(2) for Δobl; the efficacy for females was greater in younger subjects. Although these parameters weakly depended on the body height (p<0.0001), the correlations were insufficient for stature estimation. These findings suggest the efficacy of CT morphometry of the mandible for sex discrimination with quantitative assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeki Oritani
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomomi Michiue
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Takaki Ishikawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Division of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Asmaa Mohammed Hishmat
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61111 Minia, Egypt
| | - Nozomi Sogawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Osamu Inamori-Kawamoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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DeSilva R, Flavel A, Franklin D. Estimation of sex from the metric assessment of digital hand radiographs in a Western Australian population. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 244:314.e1-7. [PMID: 25263690 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The forensic anthropologist is responsible for contributing to the identification of an unknown by constructing a biological profile from their skeletal remains. Towards achieving this goal, anthropologists can apply population and temporally specific standards with known error margins to morphometric data collected from a decedent. Recent research relating to the formulation of sex estimation standards has focussed on the assessment of bones other than the traditionally favoured pelvis and cranium, such as long bones of the appendicular skeleton. In particular, sex estimation standards based on morphometric data from metacarpals and phalanges have reported classification accuracy rates of 80% (and above) based on a narrow range of populations. The purpose of this study is to provide population-specific hand bone sex-estimation standards for a contemporary Western Australian population. The present study examines digital right hand radiographs of 300 adults of known age, equally represented by sex. A total of 40 measurements were taken in each hand (metacarpals and proximal phalanges); the measurements were then analysed using univariate statistics and cross-validated direct and stepwise discriminant function analysis. All hand bone measurements were significantly sexually dimorphic, with a tendency for the width measurements to express a higher degree of dimorphism than the length measurements. A maximum cross-validated classification accuracy of 91% was achieved with a sex bias of -6%. The standards presented here can be used in future forensic investigations that require sex estimation of hand bones in a Western Australian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca DeSilva
- Centre for Forensic Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ambika Flavel
- Centre for Forensic Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Franklin
- Centre for Forensic Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
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