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Zhao L, Cavallaro AS, Wibowo D, Zhang B, Zhang J, Mitter N, Yu C, Zhao CX, Middelberg APJ. A partially purified outer membrane protein VirB9-1 for low-cost nanovaccines against Anaplasma marginale. Vaccine 2016; 35:77-83. [PMID: 27890399 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Anaplasma marginale is a devastating tick-borne pathogen causing anaplasmosis in cattle and results in significant economic loss to the cattle industry worldwide. Currently, there is no widely accepted vaccine against A. marginale. New generation subunit vaccines against A. marginale, which are much safer, more efficient and cost-effective, are in great need. The A. marginale outer membrane protein VirB9-1 is a promising antigen for vaccination. We previously have shown that soluble recombinant VirB9-1 protein can be expressed and purified from Escherichia coli and induce a high level of humoral and cellular immunity in mice. In this study, we re-formulated the nanovaccines using the partially-purified VirB9-1 protein as the antigen and hollow nano-size silica vesicles (SV-100) as the adjuvant. We simplified the purification method to obtain the partially-purified antigen VirB9-1 with a six-fold higher yield. The new formulations using the partially-purified VirB9-1 protein achieved higher antibody and cell-mediated immune responses compared to the purified ones. This finding suggests that the partially-purified VirB9-1 protein performs better than the purified ones in the vaccination against A. marginale, and a certain level of contaminants in the protein antigen can be self-adjuvant and boost immunogenicity together with the nanoparticle adjuvant. This may lead to finding a "Goldilocks" level of contaminants. The new nanovaccine formulation using partially-purified antigens along with nanoparticle adjuvants offers an alternative strategy for making cheaper veterinary vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Antonino S Cavallaro
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David Wibowo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bing Zhang
- Animal Science, Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture & Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Neena Mitter
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Anton P J Middelberg
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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