1
|
Jandaliyeva A, Puchnin V, Shchelokova A. Volumetric wireless coils for breast MRI: A comparative analysis of metamaterial-inspired coil, Helmholtz coil, ceramic coil, and solenoid. J Magn Reson 2024; 359:107627. [PMID: 38280267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
This study comprehensively assesses radiofrequency (RF) volumetric wireless coils utilizing artificial materials for clinical breast MRI. In particular, we evaluated the transmit efficiency, RF safety, and homogeneity of magnetic field amplitude distribution for four structures electromagnetically coupled with a whole-body birdcage coil: extremely high permittivity ceramic coil, solenoid coil, Helmholtz coil, and metamaterial-inspired coil based on periodically coupled split-loop resonators. These coils exhibit favorable attributes, including lightweight construction, compactness, cost-effectiveness, and ease of manufacturing. The results of this study demonstrated that the metamaterial-inspired coil outperforms other wireless coils considered for addressing a specific problem in terms of the set of characteristics. In particular, the metamaterial-inspired coil achieved 85% and 88% homogeneity in magnetic field amplitude distribution at 3 T and 1.5 T MRI, respectively. Also, the 1.5 T metamaterial-inspired coil demonstrated the best performance, increasing the efficiency gain of the birdcage coil by 4.93 times and improving RF safety by 2.96 times. This research explains the limitations and peculiarity of utilizing the volumetric wireless coils in 1.5 and 3 T MRI systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viktor Puchnin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Alena Shchelokova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Patel T, Hendren J, Lee N, Mickle AD. Open source timed pressure control hardware and software for delivery of air mediated distensions in animal models. HardwareX 2022; 11:e00271. [PMID: 35509929 PMCID: PMC9058729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Studying the visceral sensory component of peripheral nervous systems can be challenging due to limited options for consistent and controlled stimulation. One method for mechanical stimulation of hollow organs, including the colon and bladder, is controlled distensions mediated by compressed air. For example, distension of the bladder can be used as an assay for bladder nociception. Bladder distension causes a corresponding increase in abdominal electromyography, which increases with distension pressure and is attenuated with analgesics. However, the hardware used to control these distensions are primarily all one-off custom builds, without clear directions on how to build your own. This has made it difficult for these methods to be fully utilized and replicated as not everyone has the access, knowledge, and resources required to build this controller. Here we show an open-source Arduino-based system for controlling a solenoid valve to deliver timed pressure distensions in the experimental model. This device can be controlled by one of two methods through direct TTL pulses from the experimenter's data acquisition software (ex. CED Spike2) or by a graphical user interface, where the user can set the time before, during, and after distension as well as the number of cycles. This system's low cost and relative ease to build will allow more groups to utilize timed pressure distensions in their experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trishna Patel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jamie Hendren
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nathan Lee
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aaron D. Mickle
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Deparment of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McLean KM, Pasulka AL, Bockmon EE. A low-cost, accessible, and high-performing Arduino-based seawater pH control system for biological applications. HardwareX 2021; 10:e00247. [PMID: 35607696 PMCID: PMC9123462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, the need for seawater pH control methodologies paralleled the rise in attention to the biological impacts of ocean acidification. Many effective and high-performing systems have been created, but they are often expensive, complex, and difficult to establish. We developed a system that is similarly high performing, but at a low cost and with a simple and accessible design. This system is controlled by an Arduino Nano, an open-source electronics platform, which regulates the flow of CO2 gas through electric solenoid valves. The Arduino and other inexpensive materials total ∼$150 (plus CO2 gas and regulator), and a new treatment can be added for less than $35. Easy-to-learn code and simple wire-to-connect hardware make the design extremely accessible, requiring little time and expertise to establish. The system functions with a variety of pH probes and can be adapted to fit a variety of experimental designs and organisms. Using this set up, we were able to constrain seawater pH within a range of 0.07 pH units. Our system thus maintains the performance and adaptability of existing systems but expands their accessibility by reducing cost and complexity.
Collapse
|
4
|
da Costa Menestrino B, Sala L, Costa JAV, Buffon JG, Santos LO. Magnetic fields exhibit a positive impact on lipid and biomass yield during phototrophic cultivation of Spirulina sp. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2087-2097. [PMID: 34027616 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of magnetic field (MF) application (1, 12 and 24 h day -1) to Spirulina sp. LEB 18 in different photosynthesis cycles (dark and/or light) during short (15 days) and long periods (50 days) of cultivation. MF application was performed via two sources: ferrite magnets and solenoids. At the end of cultivation, the biomass was characterized in terms of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. In the 15 day cultures, the highest maximum biomass concentrations (2.06 g L-1 and 1.83 g L-1) were observed when 30 mT was applied for 24 h day -1 or 12 h day -1 (on the light cycle), respectively. MF application throughout cultivation (24 h day -1) for more than 30 days is not recommended. In all conditions, there was an increase in the lipid concentration (from 14 to 45%). The protein profile suggested important changes in photosystems I and II due to MF application. Cell morphology was not altered by MF application. In conclusion, the effects on the metabolism of Spirulina sp. are directly related to the photosynthesis cycle and time period in which the MF was applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno da Costa Menestrino
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Luisa Sala
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Garda Buffon
- Laboratory Mycotoxins and Food Science, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Lucielen Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Proteins whose presence prevents water from freezing in living organisms at temperatures below 0 °C are referred to as antifreeze proteins. This group includes molecules of varying size (from 30 to over 300 aa) and variable secondary/supersecondary conformation. Some of these proteins also contain peculiar structural motifs called solenoids. We have applied the fuzzy oil drop model in the analysis of four categories of antifreeze proteins: 1 - very small proteins, i.e. helical peptides (below 40 aa); 2 - small globular proteins (40-100 aa); 3 - large globular proteins (>100 aa) and 4 - proteins containing solenoids. The FOD model suggests a mechanism by which antifreeze proteins prevent freezing. In accordance with this theory, the presence of the protein itself produces an ordering of water molecules which counteracts the formation of ice crystals. This conclusion is supported by analysis of the ordering of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues in antifreeze proteins, revealing significant variability - from perfect adherence to the fuzzy oil drop model through structures which lack a clearly defined hydrophobic core, all the way to linear arrangement of alternating local minima and maxima propagating along the principal axis of the solenoid (much like in amyloids). The presented model - alternative with respect to the ice docking model - explains the antifreeze properties of compounds such as saccharides and fatty acids. The fuzzy oil drop model also enables differentiation between amyloids and antifreeze proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Banach
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Lazarza 16, 31-530, Krakow, Poland
| | - L Konieczny
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034, Krakow, Poland
| | - I Roterman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Lazarza 16, 31-530, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Merrifield GD, Mullin J, Gallagher L, Tucker C, Jansen MA, Denvir M, Holmes WM. Rapid and recoverable in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of the adult zebrafish at 7T. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 37:9-15. [PMID: 27751860 PMCID: PMC5344283 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increasing scientific interest in the zebrafish as a model organism across a range of biomedical and biological research areas raises the need for the development of in vivo imaging tools appropriate to this subject. Development of the embryonic and early stage forms of the subject can currently be assessed using optical based techniques due to the transparent nature of the species at these early stages. However this is not an option during the juvenile and adult stages when the subjects become opaque. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques would allow for the longitudinal and non-invasive assessment of development and health in these later life stages. However, the small size of the zebrafish and its aquatic environment represent considerable challenges for the technique. We have developed a suitable flow cell system that incorporates a dedicated MRI imaging coil to solve these challenges. The system maintains and monitors a zebrafish during a scan and allows for it to be fully recovered. The imaging properties of this system compare well with those of other preclinical MRI coils used in rodent models. This enables the rapid acquisition of MRI data which are comparable in terms of quality and acquisition time. This would allow the many unique opportunities of the zebrafish as a model organism to be combined with the benefits of non-invasive MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Merrifield
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - James Mullin
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Lindsay Gallagher
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Carl Tucker
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Denvir
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - William M Holmes
- Glasgow Experimental MRI Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao R, Ko J, Cha K, Jeon JH, Rhie GE, Choi J, deMello AJ, Choo J. Fast and sensitive detection of an anthrax biomarker using SERS-based solenoid microfluidic sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 72:230-6. [PMID: 25985198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the application of a fully automated surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based solenoid-embedded microfluidic device to the quantitative and sensitive detection of anthrax biomarker poly-γ-D-glutamic acid (PGA) in solution. Analysis is based on the competitive reaction between PGA and PGA-conjugated gold nanoparticles with anti-PGA-immobilized magnetic beads within a microfluidic environment. Magnetic immunocomplexes are trapped by yoke-type solenoids embedded within the device, and their SERS signals were directly measured and analyzed. To improve the accuracy of measurement process, external standard values for PGA-free serum were also measured through use of a control channel. This additional measurement greatly improves the reliability of the assay by minimizing the influence of extraneous experimental variables. The limit of detection (LOD) of PGA in serum, determined by our SERS-based microfluidic sensor, is estimated to be 100 pg/mL. We believe that the defined method represents a valuable analytical tool for the detection of anthrax-related aqueous samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongke Gao
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Juhui Ko
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Kiweon Cha
- Division of High-Risk Pathogen Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Cheongju 363-951, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Jeon
- Division of High-Risk Pathogen Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Cheongju 363-951, South Korea
| | - Gi-eun Rhie
- Division of High-Risk Pathogen Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Cheongju 363-951, South Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Canuto E, Acuña-Bravo W, Agostani M, Bonadei M. Digital current regulator for proportional electro-hydraulic valves with unknown disturbance rejection. ISA Trans 2014; 53:909-919. [PMID: 24119574 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Solenoid current regulation is well-known and standard in any proportional electro-hydraulic valve. The goal is to provide a wide-band transfer function from the reference to the measured current, thus making the solenoid a fast and ideal force actuator within the limits of the power supplier. The power supplier is usually a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) amplifier fixing the voltage bound and the Nyquist frequency of the regulator. Typical analog regulators include three main terms: a feedforward channel, a proportional feedback channel and the electromotive force compensation. The latter compensation may be accomplished by integrative feedback. Here the problem is faced through a model-based design (Embedded Model Control), on the basis of a wide-band embedded model of the solenoid which includes the effect of eddy currents. To this end model parameters must be identified. The embedded model includes a stochastic disturbance dynamics capable of estimating and correcting the electromotive contribution together with parametric uncertainty, variability and state dependence. The embedded model which is fed by the measured current and the supplied voltage becomes a state predictor of the controllable and disturbance dynamics. The control law combines reference generator, state feedback and disturbance rejection to dispatch the PWM amplifier with the appropriate duty cycle. Modeling, identification and control design are outlined together with experimental result. Comparison with an existing analog regulator is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Canuto
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Agostani
- Atos SpA, Via alla Piana 57, 21018, Sesto Calende, Italy.
| | - Marco Bonadei
- Atos SpA, Via alla Piana 57, 21018, Sesto Calende, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|