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Ryabchenko B, Šroller V, Horníková L, Lovtsov A, Forstová J, Huérfano S. The interactions between PML nuclear bodies and small and medium size DNA viruses. Virol J 2023; 20:82. [PMID: 37127643 PMCID: PMC10152602 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PM NBs), often referred to as membraneless organelles, are dynamic macromolecular protein complexes composed of a PML protein core and other transient or permanent components. PML NBs have been shown to play a role in a wide variety of cellular processes. This review describes in detail the diverse and complex interactions between small and medium size DNA viruses and PML NBs that have been described to date. The PML NB components that interact with small and medium size DNA viruses include PML protein isoforms, ATRX/Daxx, Sp100, Sp110, HP1, and p53, among others. Interaction between viruses and components of these NBs can result in different outcomes, such as influencing viral genome expression and/or replication or impacting IFN-mediated or apoptotic cell responses to viral infection. We discuss how PML NB components abrogate the ability of adenoviruses or Hepatitis B virus to transcribe and/or replicate their genomes and how papillomaviruses use PML NBs and their components to promote their propagation. Interactions between polyomaviruses and PML NBs that are poorly understood but nevertheless suggest that the NBs can serve as scaffolds for viral replication or assembly are also presented. Furthermore, complex interactions between the HBx protein of hepadnaviruses and several PML NBs-associated proteins are also described. Finally, current but scarce information regarding the interactions of VP3/apoptin of the avian anellovirus with PML NBs is provided. Despite the considerable number of studies that have investigated the functions of the PML NBs in the context of viral infection, gaps in our understanding of the fine interactions between viruses and the very dynamic PML NBs remain. The complexity of the bodies is undoubtedly a great challenge that needs to be further addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Ryabchenko
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Šroller
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Horníková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Alexey Lovtsov
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Forstová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Huérfano
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, 25250, Czech Republic.
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Marquardsen FA, Baldin F, Wunderer F, Al-Herz W, Mikhael R, Lefranc G, Baz Z, Rezaee F, Hanna R, Kfir-Erenfeld S, Stepensky P, Meyer B, Jauch A, Bigler MB, Burgener AV, Higgins R, Navarini AA, Church JA, Chou J, Geha R, Notarangelo LD, Hess C, Berger CT, Bloch DB, Recher M. Detection of Sp110 by Flow Cytometry and Application to Screening Patients for Veno-occlusive Disease with Immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol 2017; 37:707-714. [PMID: 28825155 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in Sp110 are the underlying cause of veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency (VODI), a combined immunodeficiency that is difficult to treat and often fatal. Because early treatment is critically important for patients with VODI, broadly usable diagnostic tools are needed to detect Sp110 protein deficiency. Several factors make establishing the diagnosis of VODI challenging: (1) Current screening strategies to identify severe combined immunodeficiency are based on measuring T cell receptor excision circles (TREC). This approach will fail to identify VODI patients because the disease is not associated with severe T cell lymphopenia at birth; (2) the SP110 gene contains 17 exons, making it a challenge for Sanger sequencing. The recently developed next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms that can rapidly determine the sequence of all 17 exons are available in only a few laboratories; (3) there is no standard functional assay to test for the effects of novel mutations in Sp110; and (4) it has been difficult to use flow cytometry to identify patients who lack Sp110 because of the low level of Sp110 protein in peripheral blood lymphocytes. We report here a novel flow cytometric assay that is easily performed in diagnostic laboratories and might thus become a standard assay for the evaluation of patients who may have VODI. In addition, the assay will facilitate investigations directed at understanding the function of Sp110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Marquardsen
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Baldin
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Wunderer
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Raymond Mikhael
- Pediatrics Department, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, St Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gérard Lefranc
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Zeina Baz
- Saint George Hospital, University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rabi Hanna
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Polina Stepensky
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Department, Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benedikt Meyer
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annaise Jauch
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc B Bigler
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne-Valérie Burgener
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Higgins
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Joeseph A Church
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raif Geha
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoph Hess
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph T Berger
- Translational Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, MA, 02114, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mike Recher
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
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Wu Y, Guo Z, Liu F, Yao K, Gao M, Luo Y, Zhang Y. Sp110 enhances macrophage resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis via inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting anti-apoptotic factors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64050-64065. [PMID: 28969051 PMCID: PMC5609983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a leading health problem worldwide and still accounts for about 1.3 million deaths annually. Expression of the mouse Sp110 nuclear body protein (Sp110) upregulates the apoptotic pathway, which plays an essential role in enhancing host immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, the mechanism of this upregulation is unclear. Here, we have identified 253 proteins in mouse macrophages that interact with Sp110, of which 251 proteins were previously uncharacterized. The results showed that Sp110 interacts with heat shock protein 5 (Hspa5) to activate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis, and that this is essential for Sp110 enhanced macrophage resistance to Mtb. Inhibition of the ER stress pathway abolishing the Sp110-enhanced macrophage apoptosis and resulted in increased intracellular survival of Mtb in macrophages overexpressing Sp110 Further studies revealed that Sp110 also interacts with the RNA binding protein, Ncl to promote its degradation. Consequently, the expression of Bcl2, usually stabilized by Ncl, was downregulated in Sp110 overexpressing macrophages. Moreover, overexpression of Sp110 promotes degradation of ribosomal protein Rps3a, resulting in upregulation of the activity of the pro-apoptotic poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In addition, macrophages from transgenic cattle with increased Sp110 expression confirmed that activation of the ER stress response is the main pathway through which Sp110-enhanced macrophages impart resistance to Mtb. This work has revealed the mechanism of Sp110 enhanced macrophage apoptosis in response to Mtb infection, and provides new insights into the study of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zekun Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fayang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kezhen Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingqing Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Li LZ, Wang QS, Han LX, Wang JK, Shao SY, Wang L, Liu D, Yang XQ. Molecular characterization of Sp110 gene in pigs. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1431-42. [PMID: 26995495 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Speckled 110 kDa (Sp110) plays an important role in infectious diseases, as revealed by studies in humans. However, little is known regarding porcine Sp110. To elucidate its potential role in porcine resistance to viral diseases, here, the complete coding sequence of porcine Sp110 gene and its 26 alternatively spliced isoforms were isolated using reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and another seven splicing patterns were obtained using a minigene construct. Subcellular distribution of 11 representative isoforms was characterized in PK-15 cells transiently transfected with their respective GFP fusion constructs, and only isoforms (R and V) bearing all functional domains were localized in nucleus, indicating all the other isoforms lose normal functions of Sp110 owing to alternative splicing. Real-time quantitative PCR and competitive RT-PCR showed that both isoforms R and V had similar tissue expression profile, half-life and response to poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of viral double-stranded RNA, while the longer one (isoform R) was transcribed at a higher level. The results indicated that porcine Sp110 has a role in viral infection and that isoform R is the dominant active form. Overall the data provide potential resource for molecular breeding of pig resistant to diseases and contributes to breeding pigs resistant to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiu-Shi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li-Xin Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin-Kui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Si-Yu Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiu-Qin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Perniola R, Musco G. The biophysical and biochemical properties of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1842:326-37. [PMID: 24275490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIRE (for autoimmune regulator) is a multidomain protein that performs a fundamental function in the thymus and possibly in the secondary lymphoid organs: the regulation, especially in the sense of activation, of the process of gene transcription in cell lines deputed to the presentation of self-antigens to the maturing T lymphocytes. The apoptosis of the elements bearing T-cell receptors with critical affinity for the exhibited self-antigens prevents the escape of autoreactive clones and represents a simple and efficient mechanism of deletional self-tolerance. However, AIRE action relies on an articulated complex of biophysical and biochemical properties, in most cases attributable to single subspecialized domains. Here a thorough review of the matter is presented, with a privileged look at the pathogenic changes of AIRE that interfere with such properties and lead to the impairment in its chief function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Perniola
- Department of Pediatrics - Neonatal Intensive Care, V. Fazzi Regional Hospital, Piazza F. Muratore, I-73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Center of Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, I-20132, Milan, Italy.
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