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Sachdeva M, Taneja S, Sachdeva N. Stem cell-like memory T cells: Role in viral infections and autoimmunity. World J Immunol 2023; 13:11-22. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v13.i2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-like memory T (TSCM) cells possess stem cell properties including multipotency and self-renewal and are being recognized as emerging players in various human diseases. Advanced technologies such as multiparametric flowcytometry and single cell sequencing have enabled their identification and molecular characterization. In case of chronic viral diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus-1, CD4+ TSCM cells, serve as major reservoirs of the latent virus. However, during immune activation and functional exhaustion of effector T cells, these cells also possess the potential to replenish the pool of functional effector cells to curtail the infection. More recently, these cells are speculated to play important role in protective immunity following acute viral infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 and might be amenable for therapeutics by ex vivo expansion. Similarly, studies are also investigating their pathological role in driving autoimmune responses. However, there are several gaps in the understanding of the role of TSCM cells in viral and autoimmune diseases to make them potential therapeutic targets. In this minireview, we have attempted an updated compilation of the dyadic role of these complex TSCM cells during such human diseases along with their biology and transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sachdeva
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Shivangi Taneja
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
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Gao S, Liang X, Wang H, Bao B, Zhang K, Zhu Y, Shao Q. Stem cell-like memory T cells: A perspective from the dark side. Cell Immunol 2021; 361:104273. [PMID: 33422699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been paid to a newly discovered subset of memory T (TM) cells-stem cell-like memory T (TSCM) cells for their high self-renewal ability, multi-differentiation potential and long-term effector function in adoptive therapy against tumors. Despite their application in cancer therapy, an excess of TSCM cells also contributes to the persistence of autoimmune diseases for their immune memory and HIV infection as a long-lived HIV reservoir. Signaling pathways Wnt, AMPK/mTOR and NF-κB are key determinants for TM cell generation, maintenance and proinflammatory effect. In this review, we focus on the phenotypic and functional characteristics of TSCM cells and discuss their role in autoimmune diseases and HIV-1 chronic infection. Also, we explore the potential mechanism and signaling pathways involved in immune memory and look into the future therapy strategies of targeting long-lived TM cells to suppress pathogenic immune memory.
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Saavedra D, Fuertes SA, Suárez GM, González A, Lorenzo-Luaces P, García B, Aznar E, Mazorra Z, Crombet T, Speiser DE, Lage A. Biomodulina T partially restores immunosenescent CD4 and CD8 T cell compartments in the elderly. Exp Gerontol 2019; 124:110633. [PMID: 31207285 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The changes that occur in the immune system with aging are commonly termed immunosenescence. Immunosenescence affects almost all components and functions of the immune response. The most commonly described change is a decrease in numbers and proportions of naïve T cells combined with the increase of terminally differentiated T lymphocytes, mainly affecting CD8+ T cells. The changes in the naïve T cell compartment are principally attributed to thymic involution and lifelong chronic antigen stimulation, among other triggers. Several strategies such as hormonal products, thymic peptides, or cytokines have been proposed for the restoration of the immune system. Here we show the effects of Biomodulina T (BT) on several populations of the immune system when administered to elderly patients diagnosed with recurrent respiratory infections. BT is a polypeptide fraction of bovine thymus, a Cuban product that obtained sanitary registration in 1994 for its immunomodulatory effects. We found that CD4+ naïve T, CD8+ stem cell-like memory (SCM) T, CD4+ recent thymic emigrants (RTE) T and CD4+ CD31+ naïve T cells increased with the administration of BT, whereas CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing PD1 decreased after the treatment with BT. Additionally, the proliferative capacity of CD4+ T cells measured by Ki67 expression, and the CD4+ T cell ability to produce IFN-γ were also improved by BT. Moreover, BT did not increase CD4+ Tregs. Altogether, these findings suggest that BT administration is a promising strategy for immune restoration in elderly patients and improvement of immunotherapeutic potential in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danay Saavedra
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Silvia A Fuertes
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Gisela M Suárez
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Amnely González
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Patricia Lorenzo-Luaces
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Beatriz García
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Elisa Aznar
- Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, Bejucal, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Zaima Mazorra
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Tania Crombet
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Agustin Lage
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
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