Ullah M, Wahab A, Khan SU, Zaman U, Rehman KU, Hamayun S, Naeem M, Ali H, Riaz T. Stent as a Novel Technology for Coronary Artery Disease and their Clinical Manifestation.
Curr Probl Cardiol 2022;
48:101415. [PMID:
36155199 DOI:
10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101415]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a cardiovascular disease of the blood vessels that makes vessels, narrow and hardened and difficult to supply blood to the heart. The epidemiology of CAD disease is a common clinical syndrome of a global health priority and the burden is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. The prevalence of CAD not only increases mortality, morbidity and worsens the patient quality of life but also puts a huge burden on the overall healthcare system. The novel risk factors include: cholesterol level, cigarette smoking, diabetics, obesity, and hypertension, respectively are the causative agents of CAD. Furthermore, the etiology of CAD is also a very complex process and several interrelated etiological factors are involved in the pathogenesis of CAD. The signs and symptoms of CAD appear like angina, heart failure, and dyspnea, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmia, respectively. The management and diagnosis of CAD include different types of medications that are used nowadays for the treatment of this disease. The highlights of the present review focused on stent technology and its useful applications. Finally, we also addressed the benefits of the stent, and its potential complications, effectiveness, indication, and contraindication that play a significant role in the recovery of CAD disease.
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