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Rocher F, Dou S, Philippe G, Martin ML, Label P, Langin T, Bonhomme L. Integrative systems biology of wheat susceptibility to Fusarium graminearum uncovers a conserved gene regulatory network and identifies master regulators targeted by fungal core effectors. BMC Biol 2024; 22:53. [PMID: 38443953 PMCID: PMC10916188 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant diseases are driven by an intricate set of defense mechanisms counterbalanced by the expression of host susceptibility factors promoted through the action of pathogen effectors. In spite of their central role in the establishment of the pathology, the primary components of plant susceptibility are still poorly understood and challenging to trace especially in plant-fungal interactions such as in Fusarium head blight (FHB) of bread wheat. Designing a system-level transcriptomics approach, we leveraged the analysis of wheat responses from a susceptible cultivar facing Fusarium graminearum strains of different aggressiveness and examined their constancy in four other wheat cultivars also developing FHB. RESULTS In this study, we describe unexpected differential expression of a conserved set of transcription factors and an original subset of master regulators were evidenced using a regulation network approach. The dual-integration with the expression data of pathogen effector genes combined with database mining, demonstrated robust connections with the plant molecular regulators and identified relevant candidate genes involved in plant susceptibility, mostly able to suppress plant defense mechanisms. Furthermore, taking advantage of wheat cultivars of contrasting susceptibility levels, a refined list of 142 conserved susceptibility gene candidates was proposed to be necessary host's determinants for the establishment of a compatible interaction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasized major FHB determinants potentially controlling a set of conserved responses associated with susceptibility in bread wheat. They provide new clues for improving FHB control in wheat and also could conceivably leverage further original researches dealing with a broader spectrum of plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rocher
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie Des Céréales, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Samir Dou
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie Des Céréales, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Géraldine Philippe
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie Des Céréales, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif Sur Yvette, 91190, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif Sur Yvette, 91190, France
- UMR MIA Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Label
- Physique Et Physiologie Intégratives de L'Arbre en Environnement Fluctuant, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 547, Aubière, Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Langin
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie Des Céréales, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Bonhomme
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie Des Céréales, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Hu X, Liang H, Li F, Zhang R, Zhu Y, Zhu X, Xu Y. Necrotizing enterocolitis: current understanding of the prevention and management. Pediatr Surg Int 2024; 40:32. [PMID: 38196049 PMCID: PMC10776729 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the diseases in neonates, with a high morbidity and mortality rate, especially in preterm infants. This review aimed to briefly introduce the latest epidemiology, susceptibility factors, and clinical diagnosis and presentation of NEC. We also organized new prevention strategies by risk factors according to different pathogeneses and then discussed new treatment methods based on Bell's staging and complications, and the classification of mild to high severity based on clinical and imaging manifestations. Such a generalization will help clinicians and researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the disease and to conduct more targeted classification, grading prevention, and exploration. We focused on prevention and treatment of the early and suspected stages of NEC, including the discovery of novel biomarkers and drugs to control disease progression. At the same time, we discussed its clinical application, future development, and shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Hu
- Institute of Pediatric, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhong Nan Street, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhong Nan Street, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hansi Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Pediatric, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhong Nan Street, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanbo Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Institute of Pediatric, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhong Nan Street, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhong Nan Street, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Institute of Pediatric, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhong Nan Street, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Chen ZJ, Chen CM, Bi ZS, Liu D, Lin T, Lu M, Wang R. [Correlation between spinous process deviation and lumbar disc herniation in young patients]. Zhongguo Gu Shang 2023; 36:554-8. [PMID: 37366098 DOI: 10.12200/j.issn.1003-0034.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between spinous process deviation and lumbar disc herniation in young patients. METHODS From March 2015 to January 2022, 30 treated young (under the age of 30) patients with lumbar disc herniation were included as the young group. In addition 30 middle-aged patients (quinquagenarian group) with lumbar disc herniation and 30 patients with non-degenerative spinal diseases (young non-degenerative group) were selected as control groups. The angle of the spinous process deviation was measured on CT and statistically analyzed by various groups. All the data were measured twice and the average value was taken and recorded. RESULTS The average angle of spinous process deviation in the degenerative lumbar vertebra of young patients were (3.89±3.77) degrees, similar to the (3.72±2.98) degrees of quinquagenarian patients(P=0.851). The average angle of s spinous process deviation young non-degenerative group were (2.20±2.28) degrees, significantly less than young group(P=0.040). The spinous process deviation angle of the superior vertebral of the degenerative lumbar in the young group was (4.10±3.44) degrees, which similar to the (3.47±2.87) degrees in the quinquagenarian group (P=0.447). A total of 19 young patients had the opposite deviation direction of the spinous process of the degenerative lumbar vertebra and upper vertebra, while only 7 quinquagenarian patients had this condition(P=0.02). The type of lumbar disc herniation in young patients had no significant relationship with the direction of spinous process deflection of the degenerative or upper lumbar vertebra (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Spinous process deviation is a risk factor of young lumbar disc herniation patients. If the deviation directions of adjacent lumbar spinous processes are opposite, it will increase the incidence of lumbar disc herniation in young patients. There was no significant correlation between the type of disc herniation and the deviation direction of the spinous process of the degenerative or upper lumbar vertebra. People with such anatomical variation can strengthen the stability of spine and prevent lumbar disc herniation through reasonable exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Zhong-Sheng Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
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Wang LY, Qin M, Gavotte L, Wu WP, Cheng X, Lei JX, Yan J, Frutos R. Societal drivers of human echinococcosis in China. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:385. [PMID: 36271415 PMCID: PMC9587573 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease that threatens human health and economic development. In China, 370 counties are endemic for echinococcosis. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has the most patients and people at risk. Therefore, analyzing the societal factors related to susceptibility to the disease is critical for efficient prevention and control of echinococcosis. METHODS The demographic characteristics and lifestyle of echinococcosis cases were clustered using K-means cluster analysis to determine the main factors of risk of echinococcosis. RESULTS Middle-aged and young people as well as those with a low education level and herdsmen are at risk of contracting echinococcosis. Nomadism, domestic and feral dogs in the surrounding environment, and drinking heavily polluted natural surface water are the main behavioral risk factors. The cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) cluster analysis focused on female, middle-aged, and young people, winter settlement and summer nomadism, and domestic and feral dogs in the surrounding environment. There were significant differences in lifestyle between Qinghai-Tibet Plateau cases and non-Qinghai-Tibet-Plateau cases. CONCLUSION According to the distribution of cases and CE and AE, this study identified the factors of risk of echinococcosis in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and non-Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Adapted control techniques appropriate for the various epidemic areas should be established to serve as a reference for echinococcosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Wang
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, China.,Espace-Dev, UMR 228, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR 17, Intertryp, Campus international de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
| | - Min Qin
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Laurent Gavotte
- Espace-Dev, UMR 228, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Wei-Ping Wu
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixi Cheng
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xi Lei
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Roger Frutos
- Cirad, UMR 17, Intertryp, Campus international de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France.
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Chen G, Zhang J, Zhang L, Xiong X, Yu D, Zhang Y. Association analysis between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and polymorphisms in circadian genes. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9806. [PMID: 32913680 PMCID: PMC7456532 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circadian genes have been suggested to play an important role in lung pathology. However, it remains unknown whether polymorphisms of these genes are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we aimed to investigate the association of circadian genes polymorphisms with COPD in a case-control study of 477 COPD patient and 323 control Han Chinese persons. Methods Genotyping assays were carried out for nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from five circadian genes (PER3, CLOCK, RORB, BMAL1 and CRY2) that were previously identified in lung pathology. Age, sex, BMI and smoking status and comorbidities were recorded for all subjects. Results No significant association was found in all SNP sites in overall subjects and no significant difference was found in age, sex, smoking status stratification analysis. Discussion The findings of this investigation indicated the effect of circadian genes polymorphisms on COPD susceptibility may only be small and possibly dependent on the subject factors, such as age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Cheng Du, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Cheng Du, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Cheng Du, China
| | - Xuan Xiong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Cheng Du, China
| | - Dongke Yu
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Cheng Du, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Cheng Du, China
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Burte E, Nadif R, Jacquemin B. Susceptibility Factors Relevant for the Association Between Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Incident Asthma. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 3:23-39. [PMID: 26820569 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we identified 15 studies in children and 10 studies in adults that assessed the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and incident asthma and that conducted stratified analyses to explore potential susceptibility factors. Overall, adult never-/former smokers seem to be at higher risk of incident asthma due to air pollution. Children without atopy and children from low socioeconomic status families also seem to be at higher risk of incident asthma due to air pollution. While interaction between air pollution and genes involved in the response to oxidative stress pathways have been explored, results are somewhat inconsistent and in need of replication. To evaluate interactions, large sample sizes are necessary, and much more research, including data pooling from existing studies, is needed to further explore susceptibility factors for asthma incidence due to long-term air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Burte
- INSERM, U1168, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and Public health approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France.,Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR-S 1168, 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Rachel Nadif
- INSERM, U1168, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and Public health approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France.,Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR-S 1168, 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Bénédicte Jacquemin
- INSERM, U1168, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and Public health approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France. .,Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR-S 1168, 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France. .,CREAL-Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
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Chetouhi C, Bonhomme L, Lecomte P, Cambon F, Merlino M, Biron DG, Langin T. A proteomics survey on wheat susceptibility to Fusarium head blight during grain development. Eur J Plant Pathol 2015; 141:407-418. [PMID: 25663750 DOI: 10.1007/s10658-014-0552-550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxigenic fungal species Fusarium graminearum is able to attack several important cereal crops, such as wheat and barley. By causing Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease, F. graminearum induces yield and quality losses and poses a public health concern due to in planta mycotoxin production. The molecular and physiological plant responses to FHB, and the cellular biochemical pathways used by F. graminearum to complete its infectious process remain still unknown. In this study, a proteomics approach, combining 2D-gel approach and mass spectrometry, has been used to determine the specific protein patterns associated with the development of the fungal infection during grain growth on susceptible wheat. Our results reveal that F. graminearum infection does not deeply alter the grain proteome and does not significantly disturb the first steps of grain ontogeny but impacts molecular changes during the grain filling stage (impact on starch synthesis and storage proteins). The differentially regulated proteins identified were mainly involved in stress and defence mechanisms, primary metabolism, and main cellular processes such as signalling and transport. Our survey suggests that F. graminearum could take advantage of putative susceptibility factors closely related to grain development processes and thus provide new insights into key molecular events controlling the susceptible response to FHB in wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherif Chetouhi
- INRA, UMR 1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UBP, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Bonhomme
- INRA, UMR 1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UBP, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Lecomte
- INRA, UMR 1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UBP, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Cambon
- INRA, UMR 1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UBP, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marielle Merlino
- INRA, UMR 1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UBP, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Georges Biron
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, Aubière, France
| | - Thierry Langin
- INRA, UMR 1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UBP, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Chetouhi C, Bonhomme L, Lecomte P, Cambon F, Merlino M, Biron DG, Langin T. A proteomics survey on wheat susceptibility to Fusarium head blight during grain development. Eur J Plant Pathol 2015; 141:407-418. [PMID: 25663750 PMCID: PMC4318354 DOI: 10.1007/s10658-014-0552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxigenic fungal species Fusarium graminearum is able to attack several important cereal crops, such as wheat and barley. By causing Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease, F. graminearum induces yield and quality losses and poses a public health concern due to in planta mycotoxin production. The molecular and physiological plant responses to FHB, and the cellular biochemical pathways used by F. graminearum to complete its infectious process remain still unknown. In this study, a proteomics approach, combining 2D-gel approach and mass spectrometry, has been used to determine the specific protein patterns associated with the development of the fungal infection during grain growth on susceptible wheat. Our results reveal that F. graminearum infection does not deeply alter the grain proteome and does not significantly disturb the first steps of grain ontogeny but impacts molecular changes during the grain filling stage (impact on starch synthesis and storage proteins). The differentially regulated proteins identified were mainly involved in stress and defence mechanisms, primary metabolism, and main cellular processes such as signalling and transport. Our survey suggests that F. graminearum could take advantage of putative susceptibility factors closely related to grain development processes and thus provide new insights into key molecular events controlling the susceptible response to FHB in wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherif Chetouhi
- INRA, UMR 1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UBP, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Bonhomme
- INRA, UMR 1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UBP, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Lecomte
- INRA, UMR 1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UBP, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Cambon
- INRA, UMR 1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UBP, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marielle Merlino
- INRA, UMR 1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UBP, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Georges Biron
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, Aubière, France
| | - Thierry Langin
- INRA, UMR 1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; UBP, UMR Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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