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Vishnyakova O, Song X, Rockwood K, Elliott LT, Brooks-Wilson A. Physiological phenotypes have optimal values relevant to healthy aging: sweet spots deduced from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. GeroScience 2024; 46:1589-1605. [PMID: 37688655 PMCID: PMC10828371 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous observations on a group of exceptionally healthy "Super-Seniors" showed a lower variance of multiple physiological measures relevant for health than did a less healthy group of the same age. The finding was interpreted as the healthier individuals having physiological measurement values closer to an optimal level, or "sweet spot." Here, we tested the generalizability of the sweet-spot hypothesis in a larger community sample, comparing differences in the variance between healthier and less healthy groups. We apply this method to the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) comprehensive cohort of 30,097 participants aged 45 to 85 years with deep phenotype data. Data from both sexes and four age ranges were analyzed. Five instruments were used to represent different aspects of health, physical, and cognitive functioning. We tested 231 phenotypic measures for lower variance in the most healthy vs. least healthy quartile of each sex and age group, as classified by the five instruments. Segmented regression was used to determine sex-specific optimal values. One hundred forty-two physiological measures (61%) showed lower variance in the healthiest than in the least healthy group, in at least one sex and age group. The difference in variance was most significant for hemoglobin A1c and was also significant for many body composition measurements, but not for bone mineral density. Ninety-four phenotypes showed a nonmonotonic relationship with health, consistent with the idea of a sweet spot; for these, we determined optimal values and 95% confidence intervals that were generally narrower than the ranges of current clinical reference intervals. These findings for sweet spot discovery validate the proposed approach for identifying traits important for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vishnyakova
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Statistics & Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Room SC K10545, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Surrey Memorial Hospital, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lloyd T Elliott
- Department of Statistics & Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Room SC K10545, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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