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He X, Hao P, Wang Y, Wu C, Yin W, Shahid MA, Wu S, Nawaz S, Du W, Xu Y, Yu Y, Wu Y, Ye Y, Fan J, Mehmood K, Li K, Ju J. Swertia bimaculata moderated liver damage in mice by regulating intestine microbiota. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 263:115223. [PMID: 37418941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Swertia bimaculata (SB) is a medicinal herb in China having an array of therapeutic and biological properties. This study aimed to explore the attenuating effect of SB on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepato-toxicity by regulation of gut microbiome in ICR mice. For this purpose, CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally in different mice groups (B, C, D and E) every 4th day for a period of 47 days. Additionally, C, D, and E groups received a daily dose (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg respectively) of Ether extract of SB via gavage for the whole study period. The results of serum biochemistry analysis, ELISA, H&E staining, and sequencing of the gut microbiome, indicated that SB significantly alleviates the CCl4-induced liver damage and hepatocyte degeneration. The serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were significantly lower in SB treated groups compared to control while levels of glutathione peroxidase were raised. Also, the sequencing data indicate that supplementation with SB could restore the microbiome and its function in CCl4-induced variations in intestinal microbiome of mice by significantly downregulating the abundances of pathogenic intestinal bacteria species including Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium while upregulating the levels of beneficial bacteria like Christensenella in the gut. In conclusion, we revealed that SB depicts a beneficial effect against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in mice through the remission of hepatic inflammation and injury, through regulation of oxidative stress, and by restoring gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei He
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ping Hao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wen Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Muhammad Akbar Shahid
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Shengbo Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 32000, Pakistan
| | - Weiming Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanling Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuhan Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Junting Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Jianming Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
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Du Q, Li J, Wang L, Chen H, Jiang M, Chen Z, Jiang C, Gao H, Wang B, Liu C. Complete chloroplast genomes of two medicinal Swertia species: the comparative evolutionary analysis of Swertia genus in the Gentianaceae family. Planta 2022; 256:73. [PMID: 36083348 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The complete chloroplast genome of Swertia kouitchensis has been sequenced and assembled, compared with that of S. bimaculata to determine the evolutionary relationships among species of the Swertia in the Gentianaceae family. Swertia kouitchensis and S. bimaculata are from the Gentianaceae family. The complete chloroplast genome of S. kouitchensis was newly assembled, annotated, and analyzed by Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform. The chloroplast genomes of the two species encoded a total of 133, 134 genes, which included 88-89 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. One intron was contained in each of the eight protein-coding genes and eight tRNA-coding genes, whereas two introns were found in two genes (ycf3 and clpP). The most abundant codon of the two species was for isoleucine, and the least abundant codon was for cysteine. The number of microsatellite repeat sequences was twenty-eight and thirty-two identified in the chloroplast genomes of S. kouitchensis and S. bimaculata, respectively. A total of 1127 repeat sequences were identified in all the 23 Swertia chloroplast genomes, and they fell into four categories. Furthermore, five divergence hotspot regions can be applied to discriminate these 23 Swertia species through genomes comparison. One pair of genus-specific DNA barcodes primer has been accurately identified. Therefore, the diverse regions cloned by a specific primer may become an effective and powerful molecular marker for the identification of Swertia genus. Moreover, four genes (ccsA, ndhK, rpoC1, and rps12) were positive selective pressure. The phylogenetic tree showed that the 23 Swertia species were clustered into a large clade including four evident subbranches, whereas the two species of S. kouitchensis and S. bimaculata were separately clustered into the diverse but correlated species group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Du
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resources of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Minzu University, No.3, Bayi Mid-road, Chengdong District, Xining City, Qinghai Province, 810007, People's Republic of China.
- Fresh Sky-Right (Beijing) International Science and Technology Co., Ltd, No.59, Banjing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Xiangnan University, No. 889, Chenzhou dadao, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, 423000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heze University, No.2269, University Road, Mudan District, Heze City, Shandong Province, 274015, People's Republic of China
| | - Haimei Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, University Road, Changqing District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250399, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoer Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Xiangnan University, No. 889, Chenzhou dadao, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, 423000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanbei Jiang
- Genepioneer Biotechnologies Inc, No. 9, Weidi Road, Qixia District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Gao
- Genepioneer Biotechnologies Inc, No. 9, Weidi Road, Qixia District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Xiangnan University, No. 889, Chenzhou dadao, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, 423000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Wu HY, Sheng Y, Kan XQ, Mou LY, Hu QF, Li GP. Three new xanthones from Swertia bimaculata and their anti-5α-reductase activity. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2017; 19:774-779. [PMID: 28030961 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1264392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three new xanthones (1-3), together with five known ones (4-8), were isolated from whole herb of Swertia bimaculata. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis (1D- and 2D-NMR, HRESIMS, UV, and IR) and comparison with data reported in the literature. New isolates were evaluated for their anti-5α-reductase activity. The results revealed that all new compounds showed weak activity with reductase inhibitions of 40.5 ± 2.8, 38.6 ± 2.5, and 48.9 ± 3.0%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wu
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education , Yunnan Minzu University , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Yu Sheng
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education , Yunnan Minzu University , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Xue-Qin Kan
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education , Yunnan Minzu University , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Lin-Yun Mou
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education , Yunnan Minzu University , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Qiu-Feng Hu
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education , Yunnan Minzu University , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Gan-Peng Li
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education , Yunnan Minzu University , Kunming 650500 , China
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