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Zohar T, Atyeo C, Wolf CR, Logue JK, Shuey K, Franko N, Choi RY, Wald A, Koelle DM, Chu HY, Lauffenburger DA, Alter G. A multifaceted high-throughput assay for probing antigen-specific antibody-mediated primary monocyte phagocytosis and downstream functions. J Immunol Methods 2022; 510:113328. [PMID: 35934070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes are highly versatile innate immune cells responsible for pathogen clearance, innate immune coordination, and induction of adaptive immunity. Monocytes can directly and indirectly integrate pathogen-destructive instructions and contribute to disease control via pathogen uptake, presentation, or the release of cytokines. Indirect pathogen-specific instructions are conferred via Fc-receptor signaling and triggered by antibody opsonized material. Given the tremendous variation in polyclonal humoral immunity, defining the specific antibody-responses able to arm monocytes most effectively remains incompletely understood. While monocyte cell line-based assays have been used previously, cell lines may not faithfully recapitulate the full biology of monocytes. Thus, here we describe a multifaceted antigen-specific method for probing antibody-dependent primary monocyte phagocytosis (ADMP) and secondary responses. The assay not only reliably captures phagocytic uptake of immune complexes, but also detects unique changes in surface markers and cytokine secretions profiles, poorly detected by monocytic cell lines. The assay captures divergent polyclonal-monocyte recruiting activity across subjects with varying SARS-CoV-2 disease severity and also revealed biological nuances in Fc-mutant monoclonal antibody activity related to differences in Fc-receptor binding. Thus, the ADMP assay is a flexible assay able to provide key insights into the role of humoral immunity in driving monocyte phenotypic transitions and downstream functions across many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Zohar
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, MA, Cambridge, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, MA, Cambridge, USA
| | - Caitlin R Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer K Logue
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kiel Shuey
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Franko
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Anna Wald
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David M Koelle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, MA, Cambridge, USA.
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Karsten CB, Mehta N, Shin SA, Diefenbach TJ, Slein MD, Karpinski W, Irvine EB, Broge T, Suscovich TJ, Alter G. A versatile high-throughput assay to characterize antibody-mediated neutrophil phagocytosis. J Immunol Methods 2019; 471:46-56. [PMID: 31132351 PMCID: PMC6620195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cell, play a critical role in anti-pathogen immunity via phagocytic clearance, secretion of enzymes and immunomodulators, and the release of extracellular traps. Neutrophils non-specifically sense infection through an array of innate immune receptors and inflammatory sensors, but are also able to respond in a pathogen/antigen-specific manner when leveraged by antibodies via Fc-receptors. Among neutrophil functions, antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP) results in antibody-mediated opsonization, enabling neutrophils to sense and respond to infection in a pathogen-appropriate manner. Here, we describe a high-throughput flow cytometric approach to effectively visualize and quantify ADNP and its downstream consequences. The assay is easily adaptable, supporting both the use of purified neutrophils or white blood cells, the use of purified Ig or serum, and the broad utility of any target antigen. Thus, this ADNP assay represents a high-throughput platform for the in-depth characterization of neutrophil function. A high-throughput antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP) assay was developed. This flow cytometry assay is flexible and can be easily adapted to any pathogen. Analysis of sample sets by ADNP assay is fast, robust and cost-effective. Additional neutrophil functions can be profiled in secondary analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina B Karsten
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nickita Mehta
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sally A Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thomas J Diefenbach
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew D Slein
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wiktor Karpinski
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Edward B Irvine
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Broge
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Todd J Suscovich
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Abstract
The results of the RV144 HIV vaccine, in combination with several recent non-human primate vaccine studies continue to highlight the potentially protective role of non-neutralizing Fc functional antibodies in HIV vaccine design. For many currently licensed vaccines, assays that detect antigen-specific antibody titers or neutralization levels have been used as a correlate of protection. However, antibodies can confer protection through multiple other mechanisms beyond neutralization, or mechanisms which are not dependent on total antibody titers. Alternative strategies that allow us to further understand the precise mechanisms by which antibodies confer protection against HIV and other infectious pathogens is vitally important for the development of future vaccines. Systems serology aims to comprehensively survey a diverse array of antibody features and functions, in order to simultaneously examine the mechanisms behind and distinguish the most important antibody features required for protection, thus identifying key targets for future experimental vaccine testing. This review will focus on the technical aspects required for the application of Systems serology and summarizes the recent advances provided by application of this systemic analytical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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