1
|
Duran Ş, Üstüntanir Dede AF, Dündar Orhan Y, Arslanyolu M. Genome-wide identification and in-silico analysis of papain-family cysteine protease encoding genes in Tetrahymena thermophila. Eur J Protistol 2024; 92:126033. [PMID: 38088016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Tetrahymena thermophila is a promising host for recombinant protein production, but its utilization in biotechnology is mostly limited due to the presence of intracellular and extracellular papain-family cysteine proteases (PFCPs). In this study, we employed bioinformatics approaches to investigate the T. thermophila PFCP genes and their encoded proteases (TtPFCPs), the most prominent protease family in the genome. Results from the multiple sequence alignment, protein modeling, and conserved motif analyses revealed that all TtPFCPs showed considerably high homology with mammalian cysteine cathepsins and contained conserved amino acid motifs. The total of 121 TtPFCP-encoding genes, 14 of which were classified as non-peptidase homologs, were found. Remaining 107 true TtPFCPs were divided into four distinct subgroups depending on their homology with mammalian lysosomal cathepsins: cathepsin L-like (TtCATLs), cathepsin B-like (TtCATBs), cathepsin C-like (TtCATCs), and cathepsin X-like (TtCATXs) PFCPs. The majority of true TtPFCPs (96 out of the total) were in TtCATL-like peptidase subgroup. Both phylogenetic and chromosomal localization analyses of TtPFCPs supported the hypothesis that TtPFCPs likely evolved through tandem gene duplication events and predominantly accumulated on micronuclear chromosome 5. Additionally, more than half of the identified TtPFCP genes are expressed in considerably low quantities compared to the rest of the TtPFCP genes, which are expressed at a higher level. However, their expression patterns fluctuate based on the stage of the life cycle. In conclusion, this study provides the first comprehensive in-silico analysis of TtPFCP genes and encoded proteases. The results would help designing an effective strategy for protease knockout mutant cell lines to discover biological function and to improve the recombinant protein production in T. thermophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Duran
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Eskisehir Technical University, Yunus Emre Campus, Eskişehir 26470, Türkiye.
| | - Ayça Fulya Üstüntanir Dede
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Eskisehir Technical University, Yunus Emre Campus, Eskişehir 26470, Türkiye.
| | - Yeliz Dündar Orhan
- Department of Advanced Technologies, Graduate School of Sciences, Eskisehir Technical University, Yunus Emre Campus, Eskişehir 26470, Türkiye.
| | - Muhittin Arslanyolu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Eskisehir Technical University, Yunusemre Campus, Eskişehir 26470, Türkiye.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ye Q, Feng Y, Wang Z, Jiang W, Qu Y, Zhang C, Zhou A, Xie S, Zou J. Effects of gelsemine on oxidative stress and DNA damage responses of Tetrahymena thermophila. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6093. [PMID: 30581679 PMCID: PMC6292385 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelsemine is an important toxic substance extracted from Gelsemium elegans, which has a lot of biological functions in cells and organisms, but its toxicity has been rarely reported in Tetrahymena thermophila. In this study, we used the protozoan T. thermophila as an experimental model to investigate the potential toxicity-induced mechanism of gelsemine in the unicellular eukaryote. Our results clearly showed gelsemine inhibited T. thermophila growth in a dose-dependent manner. This exposure also resulted in oxidative stress on T. thermophila cells and antioxidant enzyme levels were significantly altered at high gelsemine levels (p < 0.05). Gelsemine produced a slight apoptotic effect at the highest (0.8 mg/mL) gelsemine level used here (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the toxin-induced DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. The ultrastructural analysis also revealed mitophagic vacuoles at 0.4 and 0.8 mg/mL levels of gelsemine exposure. Moreover, expressions of oxidative stress-related and MAP kinase genes were significantly changed after exposure to 0.8 mg/mL level of gelsemine (p < 0.05). Altogether, our results clearly show that gelsemine from G. elegans can inhibit the growth via inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage in T. thermophila cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Ye
- Healthy Aquaculture Laboratory, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongyong Feng
- Healthy Aquaculture Laboratory, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenlu Wang
- Healthy Aquaculture Laboratory, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenzhao Jiang
- Healthy Aquaculture Laboratory, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuexin Qu
- Healthy Aquaculture Laboratory, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaonan Zhang
- Healthy Aquaculture Laboratory, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- Healthy Aquaculture Laboratory, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaolin Xie
- Healthy Aquaculture Laboratory, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jixing Zou
- Healthy Aquaculture Laboratory, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|