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Sokkar MF, Hamdy M, Erian PS, Mosaad RM, Elaraby NM, Taher MB, El-Sayed H, Al Komy M, Eid MM, Mohamed AM, Amr KS, El-Kamah GY. Studying the pathogenicity of 26 variants characterized in the first molecular analyses of Egyptian aplastic anemia patients. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:149. [PMID: 38017244 PMCID: PMC10684839 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aplastic anemia (AA) is a bone marrow disorder characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and marrow hypoplasia which can lead to life-threatening complications. Our objective was to study the telomerase genes (TERT and TERC) variants, explore their relationship to telomere shortening and TERT gene expression, and to identify variants in the MPL gene within Egyptian AA patients. METHODS Forty AA patients and 40 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals as the control group were studied through sequencing of TERT, TERC, and MPL genes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used for measuring TERT gene expression. Telomere length (TL) was measured using the Quantitative Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (Q-FISH) technique. In silico analysis was performed for the prediction of the pathogenicity of resultant variants. RESULTS Sequencing of MPL, TERT, and TERC genes identified 26 variants. Eleven variants were identified in the MPL gene. Three of them are pathogenic: two missense [c.305 G>A, c.1589 C>T] and one splice site [g.9130T>G]. TERT gene sequencing showed thirteen variants, among them, four novel [c.484G>A, c.499G>A, c.512G>A, c.3164C>G] and two previously reported [c.835G>A, c.2031C>T] were predicted to be pathogenic. Two variants were characterized within the TERC gene; n.514A>G and n.463 C>T. TERT gene expression was downregulated in 70% of studied patients and the Q-FISH technique detected telomere shortening in 82.5% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Twenty-six pathogenic and benign variants within the TERC, TERT, and MPL genes were identified among the studied AA patients that were in several cases associated with shortened telomeres and/or lower TERT gene expression. Genotype/phenotype correlation in AA patients is of great importance in explaining the disease severity and guiding therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona F Sokkar
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona Hamdy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter Sf Erian
- Human Cytogenetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Mosaad
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesma M Elaraby
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed B Taher
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba El-Sayed
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Al Komy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M Eid
- Human Cytogenetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal M Mohamed
- Human Cytogenetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalda S Amr
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Y El-Kamah
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
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Ortíz Restrepo A, Ross JS, Spiess PE, Necchi A, Li R, García-Perdomo HA. Emerging targets in upper tract urothelial carcinomas: the TERT gene. Can J Urol 2022; 29:11378-11383. [PMID: 36495580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the fourth most prevalent malignancy in adults, accounting for 2.1% of cancer-related deaths. We aimed to describe the most frequent telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene mutations in this type of cancer and their relationship with the prognosis and treatment of this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a search strategy in Medline and Embase with the following keywords: telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene and upper tract UC. We included reviews and observational studies to support the statements throughout the manuscript. RESULTS The transcriptional activation of the TERT gene and subsequent telomerase activity is a prerequisite step in malignant transformation and progression. In advanced upper tract UC, TERT mutations are the most common genomic alterations in the Foundation Medicine database. C228T mutations predict distant metastasis in 60% of patients with renal pelvis cancer and 11% with ureteral cancer. Also, C228T and C250T mutations in urine DNA had a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 94.7%. All TERT genomic alterations are inactivating short variant sequence mutations. There are no copy number gains or losses in TERT and no TERT gene rearrangements or fusions. CONCLUSIONS Multiple markers, and mutations regarding the TERT gene and its promoter have been found in upper tract UC. The C250T and C228T mutations have shown promising results as diagnostic markers detected with urine tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genito-Urinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of GU Oncology and Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Urology and Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Andrea Necchi
- Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roger Li
- Department of GU Oncology and Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Herney Andrés García-Perdomo
- UROGIV Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,Division of Urology/Uro-oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine. Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Cathébras P, Carneiro-Esteves L, Gramont B, Antoine P, Le Goueff A. [An atypical fibromyalgia in a young woman]. Rev Med Interne 2022:S0248-8663(22)00448-9. [PMID: 35623929 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kamal S, Junaid M, Ejaz A, Bibi I, Akash MSH, Rehman K. The secrets of telomerase: Retrospective analysis and future prospects. Life Sci 2020; 257:118115. [PMID: 32698073 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase plays a significant role to maintain and regulate the telomere length, cellular immortality and senescence by the addition of guanine-rich repetitive sequences. Chronic inflammation or oxidative stress-induced infection downregulates TERT gene modifying telomerase activity thus contributing to the early steps of gastric carcinogenesis process. Furthermore, telomere-telomerase system performs fundamental role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes mellitus as well as in its vascular intricacy. The cessation of cell proliferation in cultured cells by inhibiting the telomerase activity of transformed cells renders the rationale for culling of telomerase as a target therapy for the treatment of metabolic disorders and various types of cancers. In this article, we have briefly described the role of immune system and malignant cells in the expression of telomerase with critical analysis on the gaps and potential for future studies. The key findings regarding the secrets of the telomerase summarized in this article will help in future treatment modalities for the prevention of various types of cancers and metabolic disorders notably diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ejaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ismat Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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He C, Jing S, Dai C, Tu C, Tan Z, Du J, Lu GX, Lin G, Zeng S. Telomerase insufficiency induced telomere erosion accumulation in successive generations in dyskeratosis congenita family. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00709. [PMID: 31119896 PMCID: PMC6625126 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare heritable bone marrow failure syndrome that is associated with telomere dysfunction, and has high genetic heterogeneity and varied features. Objective This study aimed to identify the underlying genetic etiology of a DC family with more severe symptoms in the younger generation and to explore the relationship between the genetic causes and the severity of DC phenotype. Methods Whole‐exome sequencing was performed on the proband to screen the candidate causative gene. The protein structure was then predicted by SWISS‐MODEL software. Telomere length (TL) assay was performed on family members along with large‐scale population controls. The prenatal diagnosis (PND) was performed on the fetus of parents with secondary pregnancy. Results Novel heterozygous mutations in TERT (NM_198253.2), c.1796G>A (p.Arg599Gln), c.2839T>C (p.Ser947Pro), and c.3346G>C (p.Glu1116Gln) were identified in the proband. His TL was below the first percentile of the peers, which also appeared on the fetus with epidermal dyskeratosis through PND. The TL data of large‐scale population and members of the DC family implied the accumulation of telomere erosion in successive generations in this family. Conclusions Our study identified three clinical pathologic TERT mutations and implied that telomere erosion might be accumulated through successive generations, contributing to the severity of DC in the younger generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia He
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Jing
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Congling Dai
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaofeng Tu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Juan Du
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Guang-Xiu Lu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.,School of medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Sicong Zeng
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.,School of medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Li C, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang X, Sun M, Liu S, Sun L, Shi L, Yao Y. Genetic polymorphisms in the TERT gene and susceptibility to non-small cell lung cancer in a Chinese Han population. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1487-1495. [PMID: 29928145 PMCID: PMC6001840 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s166235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have revealed that the TERT gene plays crucial roles in cancer initiation and development. Genome-wide analysis studies and case-control studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms in the TERT gene are associated with various cancers. Materials and methods In the current study, we analyzed the associations of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TERT gene with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a Chinese Han population. A total of 467 NSCLC patients and 526 healthy individuals were recruited for SNP genotyping using a TaqMan assay. Results Our results revealed that the allelic frequencies of rs2853677 and rs2853691 were significantly different between the NSCLC and control groups (P=0.004 and 0.001, respectively). Moreover, the T allele of rs2853677 and the A allele of rs2853691 might be the protective factors against NSCLC (OR=0.766; 95%CI: 0.639–0.918 and OR=0.714; 95%CI: 0.584–0.875, respectively). Additionally, stratified association analysis of the eight SNPs with the different pathological NSCLC stages (I+II and III+IV) and different pathological types (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) revealed that none of the SNPs were significantly different between patients with different pathological stages and pathological types. Conclusion Our results indicated that rs2853677 and rs2853691 in the TERT gene might be associated with NSCLC in this Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyin Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yingfu Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Mingbo Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Le Sun
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
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Zhang J, Ju H, Gao JR, Jiao XL, Lu Y. Polymorphisms in human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene, gene- gene and gene-smoking interaction with susceptibility to gastric cancer in Chinese Han population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20235-20243. [PMID: 28423629 PMCID: PMC5386758 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate the association of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene polymorphisms and additional gene-gene and gene- environment interaction with gastric cancer (GC) risk. Results GC risk was significantly higher in carriers of G allele of rs2736100 than those with TT genotype (TG+ GG versus TT), adjusted OR (95%CI) =1.68 (1.26-2.17), and higher in carriers of G allele of rs2853669 than those with AA genotype (AG+ GG versus AA), adjusted OR (95%CI) = 1.72 (1.19-2.33). We also found that interaction between rs2736100 and smoking was associated with higher GC risk. Smokers with TG or GG of rs2736100 genotype have elevated GC risk, compared to never- smokers with TT of rs2736100 genotype, OR (95%CI) = 3.12 (1.82 -4.61). Pairwise linkage equilibrium (LD) analysis between SNPs was measured and the D’ value between rs2736100 and rs2736109 was more than 0.8. A haplotype containing the rs2736100- G and rs2736109- A alleles was associated with a statistically increased GC risk (OR= 2.66, 95%CI= 1.28 – 4.12, p<0.0001). Materials and Methods A total of 1088 participants (686 males, 402 females) were selected, including 360 GC patients and 728 normal participants. Logistic regression was performed to investigate association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within TERT gene and GC susceptibility. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) model was used to screen gene- gene and gene- environment interaction combinations. Conclusions We found that G allele of rs2736100 and G allele of rs2853669 in TERT gene, interaction between rs2736100 and smoking, and haplotype containing the rs2736100- G and rs2736109- A alleles were all associated with increased GC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ju
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ru Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Long Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Allory Y, Beukers W, Sagrera A, Flández M, Marqués M, Márquez M, van der Keur KA, Dyrskjot L, Lurkin I, Vermeij M, Carrato A, Lloreta J, Lorente JA, Carrillo-de Santa Pau E, Masius RG, Kogevinas M, Steyerberg EW, van Tilborg AA, Abas C, Orntoft TF, Zuiverloon TC, Malats N, Zwarthoff EC, Real FX. Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in bladder cancer: high frequency across stages, detection in urine, and lack of association with outcome. Eur Urol 2014; 65:360-6. [PMID: 24018021 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hotspot mutations in the promoter of the gene coding for telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) have been described and proposed to activate gene expression. OBJECTIVES To investigate TERT mutation frequency, spectrum, association with expression and clinical outcome, and potential for detection of recurrences in urine in patients with urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A set of 111 UBCs of different stages was used to assess TERT promoter mutations by Sanger sequencing and TERT messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The two most frequent mutations were investigated, using a SNaPshot assay, in an independent set of 184 non-muscle-invasive and 173 muscle-invasive UBC (median follow-up: 53 mo and 21 mo, respectively). Voided urine from patients with suspicion of incident UBC (n=174), or under surveillance after diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive UBC (n=194), was tested using a SNaPshot assay. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Association of mutation status with age, sex, tobacco, stage, grade, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutation, progression-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS In the two series, 78 of 111 (70%) and 283 of 357 (79%) tumors harbored TERT mutations, C228T being the most frequent substitution (83% for both series). TERT mutations were not associated with clinical or pathologic parameters, but were more frequent among FGFR3 mutant tumors (p=0.0002). There was no association between TERT mutations and mRNA expression (p=0.3). Mutations were not associated with clinical outcome. In urine, TERT mutations had 90% specificity in subjects with hematuria but no bladder tumor, and 73% in recurrence-free UBC patients. The sensitivity was 62% in incident and 42% in recurrent UBC. A limitation of the study is its retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS Somatic TERT promoter mutations are an early, highly prevalent genetic event in UBC and are not associated with TERT mRNA levels or disease outcomes. A SNaPshot assay in urine may help to detect UBC recurrences.
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